1. Islam spread to Indonesia through Arab, Indian, and Chinese traders beginning in the 7th century. Several of the earliest Islamic states included Samudera Pasai in the 13th century and Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century. 2. Major Islamic kingdoms that arose later included Demak Sultanate in the 15th century, Pajang and Mataram Sultanates in central Java, and Aceh Darussalam in the north. Other notable sultanates were Cirebon, Banten, and Banjar in southern Borneo. 3. Islam also spread to other parts of the archipelago, with Goa-Tallo in Sulawesi converting in 1605 and

1. ISLAM in INDONESIA and
Islamic Kindgom in
Indonesia

2. The Process of Islamisation in Indonesia

3. Sources of
the early
Islam in
Nusantara
Arab
Manuscript
Europe
Manuscript
Indian
Manuscript
China
Manuscript
Domestic
Manuscript
Sources of early Islam in Indonesia

4. ArabManuscript
Arab merchants had trading activities in
Indonesia since the era of Srivijaya
Kingdom (approx. 7 AD). They
monopolized the Western Indonesia
trading routes, including Malacca Strait.
Arabian merchants were called Zabak,
Zabav or Sribusa by the people of
Srivijaya. So it was a big possibilities
that Islam was introduced by the
merchants.

5. European Manuscript
In 1292, Marcopolo landed in
Indonesia after he returned
from China on the way his
voyage to Europe.
He stopped by somewhere in
Northern Sumatra. The area
was known as Samudera
Sultanate with Pasai as its
capital city.

6. Indian Manuscript
This manuscript stated that traders
from Gujarat played an important role
in the spreading of Islam and its
culture. They came to Indonesia not
only to do the trading but also to
introduce and teach Islam to the
people they met, especially to the
people in the coastal area.

7. China manuscript
This manuscript was written by Ma Huan, a writer who joined
Admiral Cheng Ho’s fleet. In his manuscript, he said that around 1400
AD, there were Moslem’s merchants who lived in the Java north coast.
Other China manuscripts mentioned that in the 7th century, an Arab
trader became a leader of Arab Moslem’s village in the Sumatra
coastal area.

8. 1. An artifact in Leran, Gresik. The
artifact was carved using Arabic
letters, which some of the
writings have been broken.
Based on what remains in the
carving, the artifact was about
the death of Fatimah binti
Maimun (1028)
Local Manuscripts
Local manuscripts which can be a proof of the
spreading of Islam in Indonesia are :

9. Local Manuscripts
2. The tomb of Sultan Malikul
Saleh in North Sumatra who
passed away in the month of
Ramadhan 676 H or 1297 AD.

10. Local Manuscripts
3. The tomb of Sheik Maulana
Malik Ibrahim in Gresik who
passed away in 1419 AD.

11. The channel and
the method of
Islamisation in
Indonesia
Trading
Marriage
Tasawuf
Education
Arts
Politics

13. Islamic Kingdoms in
Indonesia/Nusantara
Samudera Pasai
Pasai Kingdom is the the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia. It is
located in the East Coast of Aceh. It was established around 13th
century, as a result of Islamisation conducted by Moslems traders
from 7th century.
The granite tomb is one of the artifacts of Samudare Pasai
kingdom.Bukti.
The founder of Samudera Pasai was Nazimuddin al-Kamil, an
Egyptian admiral.

14. Malacca (Malaka) Sultanate
• Mallaca was a Malayan kingdom which was founded by Parameswara. It
reached its glory in the 15th century, by ruling the Mallaca Strait, before
Portugal came and defeated them in 1511.
• The withdrawn of this kingdom became an entrance for European
colonization in Nusantara.
• It is not enough artifacts of this kingdom to be used as historical studies.

16. Aceh Darussalam
This kingdom was located in the area
known currently as Aceh Besar. There
were inadequate information about
this kingdom, but according to Anas
Machmud, an Aceh historian, it was
established around 15th century. The
kingdom was built by Muzaffar Syah
(1465 – 1497) on Lamuri kingdom’s
ruins.

17. Demak
• Demak sultanate was the first Islamic sultanate in Java; this
sultanate arose when the King of Majapahit starting to loose his
power.
• Under the authority of Sunan Ampel Denta, the Walisongo agreed
to throne Raden Patah as the first king/sultan of Demak. He was
entitled Senopati Jimbun Ngabdurrahman Panembahan
Palembang Sayidin Panatagama..
• At the beginning, Demak was part of Majapahit, then it was given
to Raden Patah.

19. Pajang
Pajang Sultanate was the successor of Demak
sultanate. It was located in Kartasura and it was the
first Isla,ic kingdom which located in Java remote
area. The era of Pajang sultanate did not last long
becauses it was taken over by Mataram kingdom.
The first king of this sultanate was Jaka Tingkir of
Pengging, an area on the foot of Mt. Merbabu.

21. Mataram
The beginning of Mataram kingdom started
when Sultan Adiwijaya of Pajang asked
helped from Ki Pamanahan to reclaimed the
area from Aria Penangsang. As a reward,
Sultan granted Mataram to Ki Pemanahan

23. Cirebon
• The Sultanate of Cirebon was the first Islamic
kingdom in West Java. It was built by one of
the Walisongo, Sunan Gunung Jati.
• In the early 16th century, Cirebon was a
territory of Pakuan Pajajaran kingdom. The
king of Pajajaran assigned Pangeran
Walangsungsang to control Cirebon..

25. Banten
The Banten kingdom was an Islamic kingdom in Tatar
Pasundan, Banten Province. It started in 1526, when
Demak kingdom expanded the area the western coast of
Java, by taking control ports and made them as their
military home bases and trading ports.
Maulana Hasanuddin, the son of Sunan Gunung Jati
played important roles on the conquer. After the
conquered , Maulana Hasanuddin built a fort called
Surosowan which later became the central of Banten.

27. Banjar kingdom in South Kalimantan
• Banjar kingdom is an Islamic kingdom in Kalimantan
which covered most of current Kalimantan area. The
central of this kingdom was located in North Kuin
(now: Banjarmasin), then it moved to Martapura
after the castle of Kuin was demolished by the Dutch.
• This kingdom was established in September 1526
with Sultan Suriansyah (formerly known as Raden
Samudera) as the first Sultan of Banjar kingdom.
• Banjar kingdom withdrawn at the end of Banjar war
in 1905. Banjar war was a war between Banjar
kingdom against Dutch colonization. The last sultan of
Banjar was Sultan Mohammad Seman (1862 – 1905),
who passed away during the battle with Dutch in
Puruk Cahu.

28. Maluku
• Maluku kingdom was located in the Eastern
part of Indonesia. The coming of Islam in
Maluku could not be separated with the
international trade route which lied from
Malaka, Java, and Maluku.

29. Sulawesi
Goa-Tallo was an Islamic kingdom in the southern cape of South
Sulawesi. This kingdom switch to Islam in the year 1605. Its famous king
was Tumaparisi Kallona, who ruled at the end of 15th century and early
16th century.
Goa Tallo made mutual relationship with Islamized Ternate. The ruler of
Ternate asked the ruler of Goa to accept Islam , yet it was not
succeeded. Then, Goa Kallo decided to switch to Islam when Datuk Ri
Bandang came to Goa.
Sultan Alauddin was the first Sultan who became a Moslem. He became
a Moslem in 1605. Other kingdoms who switched to Islam were Luwu,
Waio and Bone , and