Pak-National Security: Internal and External dimensions

NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COLLEGE
108TH NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COURSE
Specialized Domain Training Workshop (SDTW)
GROUP-2
National Security – Internal and External
Dimensions
FACULTY ADVISOR: MR. INAM GHANI
Date: May 25, 2018 2

Composition
3
Sr.# Name of Participants, Service Group/Cadre Role / Designation /
Assignment
Syndicate-2: Cabinet Committee on the Eroding Writ of the State & its Impact
on the National Security of Pakistan: The Way Forward
1.
Dr. SHAHZAD Aslam Siddique, PSP Chairperson
2.
Mr. Abdul GHAFFAR Talpur, DIS-ISI Member
3.
Syed Javed Iqbal BOKHARI, Govt. of Punjab Member
4.
Mr. AMIR Muhammad Daudpota, Pak. Rlys Member

Composition
4
Assignment
RAG-2A: Ministry of Interior Committee to Evaluate Increasing Militarization
of the Internal Security Apparatus of Pakistan; Implications and Way Forward
1. Capt. (R) FEROZE Shah, PSP Chairperson
2. Mr. KHAQAN Murtaza, PAS Member
3. Dr. Muhammad NAWAZ Sheikh, Govt. of Sindh Member

Composition
5
Assignment
RAG-2B: Inter-Ministerial Task Force to Devise an Integrated Border
Management Strategy for Pakistan
1. Dr. Muhammad TARIQ MOJ, SG Chairperson
2. Mr. SHABIR Anwar Kazi, M/o MA Member
3. Mr. Abdul QADIR Qayum, PSP Member

Composition
6
Assignment
RAG-2C: Inter-Ministerial Task Force to Devise Strategy for Handling
Proscribed & Under-Watch Organizations
1. Mr. Abdul RAHIM Soomro, Govt. of Sindh Chairperson
2. Mr. Muhammad JAMIL, DIS-ISI Member
3. Mr. TAUQEER Ahmed Memon, IRS Member

RAG – 2A
Ministry of Interior Committee to Evaluate Increasing
Militarization of the Internal Security Apparatus of
Pakistan: Implications and Way Forward
Date: May 25, 2018 7

Composition of RAG – 2A
8
Sr.# Participants Name Service Group
1. Leader: Capt. (R.) FEROZE Shah PSP
2. Mr. KHAQAN Murtaza PAS
3. Dr. Muhammad NAWAZ Sheikh Govt. of Sindh

Sequence of Presentation
9
 Introduction
 Key Question
 Vision
 Mission
 Internal Security Situation
 Internal Security Apparatus
 Increase in Militarization
 Implications and analysis
 Conclusion
 Way Forward

Introduction
10
“Militarization”, is a process of adoption and use of military
models, methods, concepts, doctrines, procedures, and
personnel in policing activities, thus giving a military
character to public safety and questions

Introduction
11
 Army, CAFs and police pickets
 Country gives a look of being in a state of war
 Army and CAFs are deployed from Lowari to Gwadar
and Karachi
 Increasing sense of insecurity amongst citizens and
visitors
 Led to issues of human rights abuse, missing persons,
forced detentions, raids without warrants and high
handed actions

Constitutional Provision
13
Functions of Armed Forces: 245 [(1)] The Armed Forces
shall under the directions of the Federal Government defend
Pakistan against external aggression or threat of war, and,
subject to law, act in aid of civil power when called upon to
do so*.
Source*: The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973

Key Question
14
How the increasing militarization can be stalked
without
compromising the internal security of the country?

15
Vision
Peaceful and stable Pakistan
Mission
Stalking and reducing immediate militarization of the
internal security apparatus

TORs
16
 Study the internal security situation of Pakistan and the
available internal security apparatus
 Evolution and gradual increase in the militarization and
in its historical perspective
 Analyze the implications of policing through civil armed
forces
 Evaluate its impact on terrorism, law & order and crime
 Suggest the ways and means to ensures smooth transition
and strengthening of Civil LEAs

Internal Security Situation
17
 Unprecedented stream of terrorism and have suffered
125,000 causalities
 In 2017 - 370 terrorist attacks, 24 suicide attacks in 64
districts, killed 815 innocent people and injuring 1736
 356-civilians, 110-policeman, 42-Army officers and
Jawans, 46-FC men, 16-Levies, 3-Unspecified
paramilitaries and 35-militants
 On the average 1 terrorist attack is happening daily
killing 2 persons
Source: Pakistan Security Report, PIPS - 2018 Contd…

Internal Security Situation
18
In these attacks militants employed
 24-Suicide attacks
 159-IED blasts of various types
 141-Target killing and shootings
 33-Grenade blasts
 8-Rocket attacks
 2-Morter attacks
 1-Missile attack

Internal Security Apparatus
19
Federal & provincial Governments jointly have 33
organizations
 NACTA, ISI (Internal wing), IB – under Federal
Government
 CAFs - Rangers, Frontier Corps, Frontier
Constabulary, PCG, GB Scout – total strength
approximately 200000
 Four provincial police, AJK& GB police, ICT police -
total strength 412,167
 FIA total strength is 3,500
Contd…

20
 Services Intelligence Agencies include Military
Intelligence, Air Intelligence and Naval Intelligence
 Pakistan Maritime Security - 4067
 Airport Security Force -4500
 National Highway and Motorway Police - 5000
 Pakistan Railways Police - 7000
 Punjab Border Military Police
Contd…

21
 Chitral Border Police
 AJK Border police
 FATA - levies and Khassadars
 Custom Intelligence
 Pakistan has four different forces to man its borders with
four neighbours, while India has one BSF to man its
borders with six neighbours

Gradual Increase in Militarization
22
 Kashmir War 1948
 Strain relation with Afghanistan
 Military regimes
- General Ayub Khan (1958-69)
- General Yahya (1969-71)
- Zia-ul-Haq (1977-88) and
- Pervez Musharraf (1999-2008)
 1958 – Rangers replaced Punjab police on Indian border
 Army was sent to East Pakistan in March 1971 for military solution to
a political problem and the result was obvious
Contd…

23
 Military was used to deal with language riots and labour
troubles in Karachi in 1972
 Ahmedis riots in 1950 & 1973
 Balochistan insurgency in 1973-77
 Conflict between the civil administration and tribal in
Dir, NWFP in 1976
 1976 creation of ASF
Contd…

24
 Army called to control political agitation of PNA against
Bhutto in 1977 and subsequently martial law was
imposed
 1979 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
 trained militants, drug mafias, automatic weapons and
religious zealots in the society
 Intrusion in local politics in the form of militant wings in
their ranks, MQM, JSQM, BRP, etc
 Resulted in MQM militant wing, JASMUM, BRA, BLA,
etc
Contd…

25
 1992 - Government launched military and CAFs
operations in Karachi but could not achieved the target
 1995 - police with the help of IB carried out a successful
operation in Karachi
 1997 - government called the army to find out ghost
schools and ghost teachers in education department
 1997-98 army was given the mandate to supervise the
working of WAPDA
Contd…

26
 Global War on Terror after 9/11 changed the security environment
 Emergence of TTP
 US drone attacks
 military operations
 bloodshed
 suicide bombing, etc
 APS carnage on December 16, 2014 the NAP was launched for
curbing the terrorism
 Formation of Apex Committees in all four provinces
Contd…

27
 Strengthened militarization in context of police domain
and decisions making
 2015- Karachi operation intensified
 2015 Rangers role extended - target killing, kidnaping for
ransom, extortion, terrorism and sectarianism
 Over 200,000 CAFs deployed to control terrorism and
even street crimes
 Since last five years Sindh ranger have consumed Rs.
14.6 Billions under IS allowance

Implications
28
 Government relied increasingly on CAFs to achieve short
term objectives
 Gradual decline of public trust on police
 The militarization is not merely a reflection of increased
lawlessness but the result of political choice
 The choice of using CAFs curtailed the impression of
government’s failure to establish its writ
Contd…

Implications
29
 Issue of missing persons and recovering of dead bodies in
KP, FATA, Balochistan and Karachi
 Increase in cases of extra judicial killings
 CAFs and police became trigger happy and used iron fist
response
 Civilian Oversight and Human rights Abuses
- No mechanism on ground to check human rights
abuses
- SC suo-moto of Naqib Ullah case
Contd…

Implications
33
 Conversion of nationalist political movements into
violent movements like PTM, JASMUM, BLA, BRA,
and BLF
 Increase concern of international community regarding
missing persons
 If human rights violations are not checked immediately
the government is likely to lose its moral standing,
internally and internationally
 Erosion of the military order due to engagement in
civilian matters
Contd…

Implications
34
Lal Masjid operation - A Case Study
 On 3rd July 2007, a local issue at Lal Masjid was
mishandled by the military ruler
 11th July, 2007, SSG was used to vacate Lal Masjid from its
students
 154 students lost their lives, 10 officers and Jawans of SSG
embraced Shahada
 In reaction, Al-Ghazi brigade created in FATA and launched
a serial of suicide attacks throughout Pakistan

Way Forward
35
“The killing of civilian by terrorist, is not war but murder, so
the social genre of terrorist is crime and terrorist classified as
criminal”, so, “if terrorist are criminal the natural antagonist
is the police”
Source: Douglas P. Lackay Contd…

Way Forward
36
 Remove violence and bring tolerance in the society
 Avoid cases like Sialkot and Karachi
 Capacity building of Police – logistics and training
 De-weaponization of society (1982-83, 2008-15)
 Political decision regarding FATA
 Merging of ‘B’ areas into ‘A’ area in Balochistan
Contd…

Way Forward
37

Activation of NACTA, Act was promulgated in 2013.
No meeting of the Board of Governors has been
convened

Return of Frontier Constabulary back to KP for
deployment in the bordering areas

Gradual handing over of peaceful areas under CAFs to
local Police

Gradual Return of CAFs to its original mandate
Contd…

Way Forward
38
Transfer of cases to civil courts and dis-continuation of
military courts

Implementation of National Action Plan

De-weaponizing of the society

Strengthening of civilian oversight, empowerment of
the Ministry of Interior

Return of Army from all civil deployments on
improvement of law & order

Conclusion
39
 Pakistan’s law enforcement and police system is by no
means too flawed to fix
 Many police officials have shown bravery facing suicide
attacks like Malik Saad and Safwat Ghayur
 Increased investment and technology and can improve
public security
 Militarization deteriorate public security, and the ability
of the state to deliver the basic public good - safety

Action Plan
40
S.#
Strategic
Goal Actions Timelines Responsibility
1 Capacity
building of
Police
National Police
Academy and other
police training centres
evolve and develop
uniform curriculum for
modern training
Medium
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police
Improving physical
infrastructure, logistics
and provision of latest
equipment
Medium
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Govt.,
IG Police

Action Plan
41
S.#
Strategic
Goal Actions Timelines Responsibility
2 Gradual
handing
over of
peaceful
areas
under
CAFs to
local Police
All settled areas and
districts of KP and
Balochistan, which are
free of miscreants be
handed over to the local
Police
Short
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police,
Commander CAF
Tribal areas free of
miscreants be gradually
handed over to political
administration
Short
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police,
Commander CAF
CAFs strength to be
reduced in phases from
such areas which are
handed over to civil
administration
Short
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police,
Commander CAF

Action Plan
42S.# Strategic Goal Actions Timelines Responsibility
3 Return of
Frontier
Constabulary
back to KP for
deployment in
the bordering
areas
FC deployed in
areas which are
beyond their
mandate
Short
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., CFC
4 Gradual
Return of
CAFs to its
original
mandate
Return of CAFs
back to areas of
their actual
deployment
Short
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police

Action Plan
5 Transfer of
cases to civil
courts and dis-
continuation of
military courts
All cases being
heard in military
courts may be
returned to the
Courts of
competent
jurisdiction. No
further extension
may be given the
military courts
Short
Term
APEX
Committee,
Provincial Home
Dept., Concerned
High Courts
6 Decision on
FATA reforms
and status
The Parliament
may decide the
future of FATA on
priority basis
Short
Term
Parliament, M/o
Interior and
SAFRON,
Cabinet Division

Action Plan
7 Implementatio
n of National
Action Plan
Parliament may
take up the issue
and fix timelines
for effective
implementation
Medium
Term
PM Office, M/o
Interior and
National Security
Division,
Provincial
Governments
8 De-
weaponizing of
the society
PM has already
ordered
cancellation of all
automatic/
prohibited bore
weapon licenses,
its implementation
is needed
Medium
Term
M/o Interior,
Provincial Home
dept., IG Police,
District
Administration
and Police

Action Plan
9 Conversion of
‘B’Areas in
Balochistan
Provincial
Assembly of
Balochistan may
amend the relevant
law converting all
‘B’Areas to ‘A’
Areas
Long
Term
Balochistan
Government
10 Activation and
empowerment
of NACTA
Federal Cabinet
may issue orders
and ensure timely
implementation
Short
Term
Federal Cabinet,
PM Office,
Cabinet Division
and National
Security Division

Action Plan
11 Strengthening
of civilian
oversight,
empowerment
of the Ministry
of Interior
Federal Cabinet
may ensure that
writ of civilian
oversight on all
internal security
issues is
established. M/o
Interior may be
backed by the
government
Short
Term
Federal Cabinet,
PM Office,
Ministry of
Interior and
Cabinet Division
12 Return of
Army from all
civil
deployments
on
improvement
of law & order
Army may return
to its peace time
locations after
handing over the
security to
concerned agencies
Long
Term
M/o Interior and
Defence, GHQ,
Provincial Home
Dept., IG Police

RAG-2B
“Inter – Ministerial Taskforce to Devise an
Integrated Border Management Strategy For
Pakistan”
Date: May 25, 2018 47

Composition of Task Force
48
Sr # Participants’ Names
1 Dr. Muhammad TARIQ MOJ, SG
2 Mr. SHABIR Anwar Kazi, M/o Maritime Affairs
3 Mr. Abdul QADIR Qayum, PSP

Resource Persons
49
 Mr. Wajid Zia, Addl. DG (Immigration), FIA, Islamabad
 Dr. Rizwan Ahmed, Director (Immigration), FIA
 Dr. Muhammad Zubair, Project Director, Integrated Transit Trade Management
System (ITTMS), FBR
 Mr. Tariq Malik, Director (Interpol), FIA
 Mr. Muhammad Jamil, Director, ISI
 Mr. Alam Zeb, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Interior
 Mr. Maqsoosd-ul-Hassan, Director, FIA
 Mr. Jawad Ahmed, Asst. Director (Immigration), Balochistan
 Mr. Shariq Siddiqui, CEO, PIBT-Coal Terminal at Port Qasim
 Mr. Muhammad Qasim, British Travel Agency, Blue Area, Islamabad
 Colonel Sakhawat Hussain, Director, ISI

Sequence
50
 Terms of References (ToRs)
 Statement of the Problem and Key Question
 Border Management and Border Control
 Pillars of Integrated Border Management
 Situational Analysis and Legal Framework
 Issues and Challenges
 International Best Practices
 Conclusion and Recommendations

Statement of the Problem
51
 Border management of Pakistan with its neighbours has
never been an efficient enterprise. Historically, its borders
have only been notionally regulated. Shared common
neglect, indifference and inefficiencies of years have
gradually come to a pass. Rise in incidents of violence
and terrorism as well as organized crime along these
borders have accentuated country’s weak border control
and management leading to the erosion of the writ of the
state

Key Question
52
 How an effective, efficient and well-coordinated border
management system can be established in Pakistan?

Terms of Reference
53
 To study the different borders of Pakistan, their historical,
social, economic and strategic importance;
 To delineate the difference between border management
and border control;
 To analyse the existing legal and institutional framework
for border management in Pakistan;
Contd…

Terms of Reference
54
 To assess the role of different players, actors and
stakeholders in border management in Pakistan;
 To suggest an integrated practical strategy for efficient
and effective border management ensuring legally
regulated cross-border movements leading to sustained
economic growth for Pakistan, friendly social interaction
between the citizens of the neighbouring states and a
peaceful region.

Border Management vs Border Control
55
 Border Management refers to procedures and technology
enablers that are applied to persons and objects crossing
border to ensure compliance with laws and regulations
 Border Management is more than Border Control
 It includes processes such as pre-arrival information, risk
management and audits, inter-agency co-operation, cross
border co-operation and private sector involvement
 Border control focuses on surveillance, inspection and
protection of border*
Source: Border Management versus Border Control,
http://admin.kghcustoms.com/upload/sites/1/files/bs_pdfs/Border%20Management%20vs%20Border%20Control1.0.PDF
Contd…

Integrated Border Management (IBM)
56
 National and international coordination and cooperation among
all relevant authorities and agencies involved in border security
and trade facilitation to establish effective, efficient and
coordinated border management, to get objective of open, but
well controlled and secure borders*
 IBM effectively addresses cross-border flows of illegal
weapons, illicit drugs, narcotics, psychotropic substances and
violations related to money laundering, intellectual property
rights, SPS considerations
 Philosophy: To develop synergies among the border agencies,
both domestic and international and bring the states closer for
better flow of trade and travellers
Source: What is Integrated Border Management, http://www.eap-ibm-capacitybuilding.eu/en/about/ibm

Pillars of the IBM
57
 Intra-Service Cooperation:
 Operational integration among various
units/departments working within one agency
 It includes clearly-formulated legal and regulatory
framework, decision-making competencies and data
sharing channels
 Inter-Agency Cooperation:
 Coordination among all domestic agencies
 Central to IBM to avoid loopholes or operational
over-lapping
Source: Siddiqui, R.M. Integrated Border Management: Scope, Challenges and Framework for Pakistan, 2017,
http://zameer36.com/integrated-border-managementscope-challenges-and-framework-for-pakistan/
Contd…

Pillars of the IBM
58
 International Cooperation:
 Involves cooperation between border security
agencies of neighbouring countries
 Secured through bilateral, regional and global
initiatives in fields of information exchange, joint
operations and coordinated actions*
 Private sector and the trade bodies are also a vital
component of IBM

Situational Analysis
59
 Pakistan shares 7,480 KM border with other countries;
2,611 KM with Afghanistan, 599 KM with China, 2,302
KM (excluding 861 KM of LoC) with India and 909 KM
with Iran, besides 1,059 KM of coastline*
Source: Map Showing Length of Borders with Neighbouring Countries and Coastline, Survey of Pakistan,
http://www.surveyofpakistan.gov.pk/map/pakistan_showing_border_length.pdf

60
TOTAL : 6433 KM
Airports 14
Dry Ports 12
Seaports 03
2611 KM
909 KM
2302 KM
LoC= 861 KM
1059 KM
Faisalabad
Sialkot
Multan
Sost
Torkham
Taftan
Turbat
Khokharapar
D.G khan
599 KM
Chaman
Weish
Ghulam Khan
R.Y.Khan
IMMIGRATION CHECK POSTS
Wagha L/R
Wagha R/S
D.I.Khan
Pasni Ghass
Bandar
Port M. Bin Qasim
BP-250
60
Pishin/ Mand
GABD
Reemdan

61
Border control
 Handled by Civil Armed Forces (CAF) and Military
 LoC: Pak Army
 Working Boundary: Rangers backed up by Pak. Army.
 Ravi Siphon to Rann of Kutch: Punjab and Sindh Rangers
 Sea Borders: Coast Guards, Navy, MSA
 Pak Afghan Border: FC backed up by Pak Army.
 Pak-Iran Border: FC
 Pak-China Border: GB Scouts.

62
Pak Afghan Border:
 A total of 11 out of 34 Afghan provinces adjoin three
federating units of Pakistan i.e. Balochistan, KP and
FATA*
 23 villages divided by border, six in FATA and Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa and 17 in Balochistan,
Source: Annual Report United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2014), Vienna, Austria
Contd…

63
 About 100 frequented and unfrequented routes b/w
Afghanistan & Pakistan are smuggling prone*.
 10,000 to 30,000 people cross Chaman and Torkham
border points daily, include legal immigrants and traders
 5,000 to 6,000 illegal crossings take place daily
 Border Fence is under construction (125 KM completed)
Source: Khan E.M. ‘Border Management The Case of Pakistan and Afghanistan Border’ Monthly Hilal, July 2014, quoted by Siddiqui,
R.M. Integrated Border Management: Scope, Challenges and Framework for Pakistan, 2017, http://zameer36.com/integrated-border-
managementscope-challenges-and-framework-for-pakistan/
Contd…

64
Pak- Iran Border
 only one recognized border crossing at Taftan. Two more
crossing points at Gwadar and Turbat are in the process of
being opened.
 Narcotics, human and goods smugglers and sometimes
terrorists cross border with impunity, leading to border
incidents which are usually downplayed by both sides.
 Joint Border Commission (JBC) meets alternately in both
countries twice a year Contd…

65
Pakistan-India border
 Guarded by both sides. Skirmishes and border violation incidents
take place around LOC
 Trade passes through Wagha border
 Security paradigm vis-a-vis India would have to be changed a lot
to see any improvement.
Pakistan-China border
 gained a lot of attention after CPEC. Services at Sost, at Chinese
border need to upgraded and technologically connected to the rest
of the country
Contd…

66
 Border Management Agencies:
[1].
Type of Exit/Entry Point Concerned Agencies
Airports FIA, Customs, ANF, ASF, IB,
Seaports, Wharfs FIA, Customs, ANF, Provincial Excise
Border Check Posts FIA, Customs, FC, Police, Levies
Dry Ports Customs, ANF
Coastal Area Units Customs, ANF, Coast Guards, PMSA
Border Customs Units Customs, ANF, FC, Political
AdministrationSource: Drugs and Precursors’ Controlling Techniques: Gap Analysis and Need Assessment for Pakistan Customs’ (2014), Directorate
General of Training and Research, Karachi.

67
Infrastructure:
 Three sea ports in Pakistan i.e. KPT, PQA and Gwadar.
 Approx. 5,000 containers processed through these ports daily
 KPT & PQA handled 52.49 million tons and 37.30 million
tons of cargo respectively in FY 2016-17.
 12 dry ports in the country providing services including quick
clearance, warehousing and bonded transportation.
 Pakistan has 14 international airports
Contd…

68
 FIA is using a database programme called IBMS. Im Pass maintains
own database through Oracle-based Application. Security agencies are
using the Surveillance Video Analysis System (SVAS). Pakistan Customs
has WeBOC and developed Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) with
Afghanistan for Transit trade.
 However, no arrangement for developing coordination, data sharing and
joint operations and no integration with main database of NADRA
 Role of MoFA cannot be understated in converting our tense borders
especially with India into peaceful ones in order to increase trade and
reduce the cost of security*.
http://zameer36.com/integrated-border-managementscope-challenges-and-framework-for-pakistan/ (Accessed 18 April 2018)
Contd…

69
 Illegal trade and smuggling along borders of Iran and
Afghanistan
 During 2001-2009, Pakistan suffered revenue loss of
about US$ 35 billion (World Bank Report)*
 Annual Revenue loss is US$ 2.63 billion**
Source: *Khan E.M. ‘Border Management The Case of Pakistan and Afghanistan Border’ Monthly Hilal, July 2014, quoted by Siddiqui,
R.M. Integrated Border Management: Scope, Challenges and Framework for Pakistan, 2017, http://zameer36.com/integrated-border-
managementscope-challenges-and-framework-for-pakistan/
Source: **Rana, S. Pakistan losing $2.63b revenue a year due to smuggling, Express Tribune, 22 January 2016,
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1031958/impact-of-smuggling-pakistan-losing-2-63b-a-year-reveals-confidential-report/
Contd…

70
 Data basis used by different border management
organizations
 FIA: IBMS
 ImPass: Oracle-based application
 Customs: WeBOC & EDI
 Security Agencies: SVAS
Contd…

Issues and Challenges
71
 Large number of CAFs are performing internal security
duties inside country in major cities leading to huge
problem of weak border control
 This has put tremendous pressure on border management
agencies, which now have to extra work inside country to
compensate for weak border control
 Ultimately, whole border management system has been
weakened leading to the erosion of the writ of the state.

72
 Intra-Agency Level:
 Lack of Operational Unity within the organization
 Inter-Agency Level:
 Lack of Integration and Coordination
 No data sharing Mechanism
 No Umbrella Organization like DHS
 Duplication of Work
Contd…

73
 International Cooperation:
 Lack of well-defined cross-border platforms and
mechanisms for trade and travel
 Poor diplomatic relations with the neighboring countries

Legal Framework
74
 Customs Act, 1969
 FIAAct, 1974
 Prevention & Control of Human Trafficking Ordinance
(PACHTO) 2002
 Emigration Ordinance 1979
 Passport Act 1974
 Foreigners’Act 1946
 Customs Rules 2001, SROs and Notifications (issued from
time to time)
Contd…

Legal Framework
75
 Pakistan Citizenship Act 1951
 Frontier Corps Ordinance, 1959
 Pakistan Citizenship Rules 1952
 Naturalization Act 1926
 Pakistan Rangers Ordinance 1959
 Pakistan Coast Guards Act 1973
 Pakistan Maritime Security Act 1994

International Best Practices
76
 In EU, key rules adopted within the Schengen framework
include:
 Removal of checks on persons at internal borders;
 Harmonization of conditions of entry and rules on
visas;
 Enhanced police and judicial cooperation;
 Establishment and development of Schengen
Information System (SIS) which is a sophisticated
database used by authorities of Schengen member
countries to exchange data on certain categories of
people and goods*
Source: Integrated Border Management Strategic deliberations’ Council of the European Union (November 2006), Brussels.
Contd…

77
 UK merged its customs and inland operations in 2008
and crafted an executive agency, UKBA, solely to handle
border related-issues
 U.S. DHS was created in 2002 to take over majority of
border functions
 Now, Bureau of CBP acts as a ‘front line responder’
dealing with immigration, customs and agricultural
compliance and thus having an enforcement function
Contd…

78
 Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
performs an investigative function while Transportation
Security Administration deals with security of the
transportation system and
 US Coast Guard ensures security in the US territorial
waters within DHS*
 Australian Customs changed its name to Australian
Customs and Border Protection Service in December
2008 and was given the leading role in border protection.
http://zameer36.com/integrated-border-managementscope-challenges-and-framework-for-pakistan/
Contd…

79
 It works closely with Australian Federal Police,
Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service,
Department of Immigration and Citizenship and
Department of Defence
 In 2015, CPBS and Department of Immigration and
Border Protection have been consolidated into a single
Department of Immigration and Border Protection
Contd…

80
 An Australian Border Force has been established within
new department, as a single frontline operational border
agency*
 Border Sector Governance Group in New Zealand is also
an example of IBM.
 Group comprises chief executives from New Zealand
Customs Service, Department of Labour, Department of
Internal Affairs, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of
Agriculture and Forestry and Food Safety Authority.
Source: The Future of Border Management: Maintaining security; facilitating prosperity, PWC,
https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/documents/the-future-of-border-management.pdf
Contd…

81
 Border Sector Strategy provides framework for
collaboration of border sector agencies and ensures
trade through single window and streamlined passenger
facilitation
 Holistic approach to border management where
agencies remain separate, however, work together to
achieve the same objectives
Contd…

Conclusion
82
 Pakistan’s borders are not being controlled strictly
because of involvement of border control agencies in
internal security duties
 This weak border control has caused an increase in
organized crime as well as terrorism ultimately leading to
erosion of writ of the state.
 Since border control and management are inter-linked,
weak border control directly impacts the overall border
management in a negative way. Contd…

Conclusion
83
 Border management agencies despite having developed
their own mechanisms and database systems are working
in silos without a system of coordination and integration.
 There is a need to develop a mechanism to integrate
working of all border agencies through IBM.

Recommendations
84
 Integration of working of relevant border management
agencies through an umbrella organization under the
Ministry of Interior
 A Customs Border Force to relieve burden of CAFs
 A single IT platform to allow maximum sharing of data
among all border management agencies for effective
border management
Contd…

Recommendations
85
 Innovative use of technology to ensure effective, efficient
and coordinated border management. There is a need to
move towards high-end digitization
 At the international level, Pakistan should build friendly
relations with its neighbours leading to peaceful borders.
Contd…

Action Plan
86
Sr
#
Strategic Goal 1 Actions Activity Time
line
Responsibility
1. Use of
Innovative
Technology and
Infrastructure
Verifying
Identity of
person(s) - to
be used by all
LEAs.
Maximum use
of biometric
data like
facial
recognition,
finger prints
and iris
scanning
Short
Term
FIA, NADRA,
IMPASS

Action Plan
87
Sr
#
Strategic
Goal 1
Actions Activity Time
line
Responsibility
Non-
Invasive
Inspection
and
weighment
Increased use of
technical systems such
as X-ray or gamma-ray
imaging equipment to
allow inspection of
cargo to detect
concealed weapons and
drugs, illicit radiological
material, weighment of
goods and interception
of smuggled people.
Medium
Term
Pakistan
Customs, FIA,
ANF

Action Plan
88
Sr # Strategic
Goal 1
line
Responsibility
Data
Analytics
1. Data collection from
multiple points like travel
companies and freight
forwarders
2. Screening against
watch lists and creating
risk profiles for
prediction
Short
Term
NADRA,
Pakistan
Customs,
FIA,

Action Plan
89
Sr # Strategic
Goal 1
line
Responsibility
Monitoring
and
Surveillance
Increased use of
infrared sensors,
heat-sensing
cameras, unmanned
aerial vehicles, and
radar and satellite
surveillance
especially for long
land and sea borders
Medium
Term
All border
security
agencies

Action Plan
90
Sr # Strategic
Goal 2
line
Responsibility
2 Effective
Integration
and
Coordination
Development of
integrated IT System
to link all relevant
agencies
Reduced
illicit trade
and travel
Short
Term
NADRA and
Concerned
Agencies
Creation of Land
Port Authority to
enhance inter-agency
cooperation and
coordination
Legislation
and set up
of the
Authority
Medium
Term
Ministries of
Law, Finance
and Interior
Creation of Customs
Border Force to
counter smuggling
(Reducing the
burden of FC and
Rangers)
Patrolling
posts set up
near the
border areas
Medium
Term
Pakistan
Customs

Action Plan
91
Sr # Strategic
Goal 3
line
Responsibility
3 Peaceful
Borders
Diplomatic initiatives
to develop friendly
relations with
neighbours
Increased
Trade and
Travel
Long
Term
M/O Foreign
Affairs

RAG 2-C
(Inter-ministerial Task Force to Devise Strategy for
Handling Proscribed & Under-Watch Organizations)
Date: May 25, 2018 92

Composition
# Name of Participants,
Service Group/Cadre
Role /Designation/
Assignment
1 Mr. Abdul RAHIM Soomro,
Govt. of Sindh
Leader
2 Mr. Muhammad JAMIL, DIS-ISI Member
3 Mr. TAUQEER Ahmed Memon, IRS Member
93

Resource Persons
Justice (R) Kazi Khalid Vice Chancellor, SBB Law
University Karachi
Col: Sakhawat Bokhari ISI Headquarter Islamabad
Rai Muhammad Tahir Additional IG - CTD Punjab
Sardar Abdul Majeed Dasti Additional IG Sindh
Mr. Sanaullah Abbasi Additional IG - CTD Sindh
94
Contd…

Resource Persons
Mr. Dost Ali Baloch Intelligence Bureau
Mr. Ghulam Qadir Thebo Additional IG Sindh
Mr. Sultan Khuwaja DIG Sindh
Mr. Ghulam Shbbir Shaikh Ex-IG Sindh
Barrister Zameer Ghumro Advocate General Sindh
95

Sequence of Presentation
 Introduction
 Key Question
 Vision, Mission & Goals
 TORs
 Historical evolution of extremism leading to militancy
 Concept of Proscription
 Process following Proscription of an organisation
 Critical evaluation of strategies adopted in Pakistan
 Conclusion
 Strategy to end violent extremism on sustainable basis
 Action Plan
96

Introduction
 Pakistan faces critical problem of extremism and
terrorism
 Nurtured due to various internal and external factors
 Involvement in the regional and international power
game and proxy wars
 Economy has incurred losses, estimated in billions of
dollars
 Social fabric of society has deteriorated
97
Source: US institute of peace special report 377

Introduction
 Fight in the name of Allah conceived by ideologues
 Orchestrated by politicians & financed by the Saudis and
US
 Pakistan became sanctuary for both local and foreign
fighters
 Various shades of extremism emerged such as:
 Ethnic
 Linguistic
 Sub-nationalism
98
Source: US institute of peace special report 377 Contd…

Introduction
 Proscribed Organisations posing existential threat to
national security
 Relevant laws have not been enforced in letter and spirit
 Several organisations continue to work
 Some of the deadliest emerged with new names
 Long-term measures have not been taken
99
Source: Ministry of interior, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.Contd…

Introduction
 State is believed to have adopted discriminatory approach
in dealing with particular religious outfits
 Western countries doubt Pakistan
 Threat of economic sanctions
 Pakistan in the grey list, on alleged involvement in terror
financing
100
Contd…

Key Question
How government can effectively put to an end, the
existence, progression and re-birth of organisations,
responsible for extremism in Pakistan on
sustainable basis?
101

Vision
 Prosperous, Peaceful and secure Pakistan
Mission Statement
 To develop and implement strategies for effective
handling of proscribed Organisations
102

TORs
 To examine the historical evolution and progression of
extremism leading to militancy in Pakistan
 To study the concept of proscription of militant
organisations
 To critically evaluate the strategies adopted to handle
these organisations in past and reasons for failure
 To suggest strategy ensuring permanent end to the
extremism in Pakistan
103

Historical Evolution of Extremism
 Pakistan’s participation in Afghan Jihad
 Violent phase of terrorism
 Attacks orchestrated by Afghan and Soviet intelligence
agencies
 Peshawar-launching pad for Afghan terrorists operations
 Sectarian terrorism - widespread in 1990s
 Major targets were densely-populated cities and state
institutions
104

Terrorism In 1990s:
 Terrorist organisations also shifted activities from
northern to southern part of country
 Sindh emerged as the major victim of terrorism
 Terrorist activity was concentrated in Karachi & other
districts
 Political parties terrorists wings contributed terrorism in
Karachi
105

Terrorist Organizations - Islamic Extremism
 Al Qaeda, Quetta Shura-e-Taliban and Tahreek Taliban
were active in Balochistan province
 Strategic location of Balochistan and lack of functioning
economy helped these groups
 Hazara Shia’s were victims of sectarian violence
106

Multiple Dimensions of Terrorism
107
 Ethnic /linguistic
 Regional / Anti Federation
 Religious / Sectarian
 Political
 Economic imbalances
 Corruption
 Poor governance

Proscription
108
 Powers whereby existence of specific groups and
organisations as well as membership and support for such
organisations within territory is rendered illegal
 The concept of Proscription found it’s expression through
enactment of Anti-Terrorism Act 1997
Source: Anti-Terrorism Act 1997, Section 11-B

Proscription
109
 Organization is considered terrorist if, it commits,
facilitates or participates in
 Acts of terrorism
 Prepares for terrorism
 Promotes terrorism
 Supports any organisation concerned with terrorism
Contd…

Proscription
 Patronize and assists in incitement of hatred and
contempt on religious, sectarian or ethnic lines
 Fails to expel from its ranks or ostracize those, who
commit acts of terrorism
 Glorifying them as heroes
110
Contd…

Process Following Proscription
111
 Offices if any, to be sealed
 Money or other property, owned wholly or partly, be
frozen/ seized
 Ban on sell or transfer of such property, after proscription
 Literature: seizure of posters, banners, printed/electronic,
digital material

Process Following Proscription
 Prohibition of publication, printing, dissemination of
press statements, press conferences, public utterances
 Disclosure of all sources of funding
 Audit of accounts and foreign financial linkages
112

Critical Evaluation - Strategies Adopted
 Military and non-military options
 Ineffectiveness in its counterterrorism strategy
 Three different, but interrelated factors, have contributed
towards inefficacy
 Pakistan’s strategic interest in the region
 Pakistan civil-military relations
 Lack of national consensus
 The ownership of the “war on terror”
113

Legal And Institutional Framework
A number of special laws have been enacted
 Basic law ATA enacted by parliament in 1997
 Law has been amended seventeen times to adapt
changing nature of threat
 Other special laws have supplemented the ATA
 Investigation for Fair Trial Act (2013)
 Protection of Pakistan Act (2014)
 Constitutional amendment - January 2015
 Special Military Courts for two years
114

Legal and Institutional Framework
 Section 19 of ATA - police must finalise terrorist case
investigations within thirty days.
 ATCs to hear cases on daily basis & decide within seven days
 Appeals against ATCs heard by High Courts and Supreme
Court
 Instead of special appeal tribunals as law originally
envisioned
 Judges are experienced in hearing criminal trials, but not in
cases of terrorism
115
Contd…

Terrorism’s Broad Definition
 Basic flaw in ATA is that:
 Extremely broad definition of terrorist Act.
 Overburdens police, Prosecution and courts
 Delays in disposal of “real” cases of terrorism
 Heinous offenses, not defined in legislation, has
widened application of ATA
 Tendency to apply ATA to criminal cases that do not
fall under the Act’s ambit
116

Other Limitations
 Use of internet by Militant organisations
 In fund-raising, training, preparing bombs etc
 Lack of capacity of police to investigate
 Lack of capacity of ATC to dispose off cases within the
prescribed time
 Lack of adequate information sharing between Civil,
Military and Law Enforcing Agencies
117
Source: Parvez Tariq and Rani Mehwish, “An Appraisal of Pakistan’s
Anti-Terrorism Act” 20. The Anti Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997.

Fair Trial Act 2013
 Investigation for the Fair Trial Act was promulgated in
2013
 Collection of evidence based on communication
 Through cell phones, email, electronic media for use
in Courts of Law
 Despite Act large number of cases are either delayed or
 Accused persons are acquitted due to lack of evidence
118
Source: interview with one of the intelligence Agencies

Fair Trial Act 2013
 Daaish networks- members are highly qualified
engineers, doctors, professors, and IT experts
 Arrest of the Rector of GIFT University, Gujranwala, Dr.
Qaiser Shehryar Durrani,
 PhD in Science and Artificial intelligence
 MS in Information Management from George
Washington University USA
119
Source: interview with one of the intelligence Agencies Contd…

POPA 2014
 POPA 2014 enacted in July 2014
 POPA has shifted jurisdiction of a large number of
offenses to special courts
 POPA takes precedence over ATA 1997 where it is
applied
 Law Enforcing Agencies and the CTD term POPA
unnecessary as it tends to undermine the ATA 1997
 Needed to turn ATA into a comprehensive law for its
effective implementation
120

National Action Plan
 Terrorist attack at Army Public School, Peshawar led to
 Constitutional amendment in Article 175
 The Pakistan Army Act 1952
 The Pakistan Air force Act 1953
 The Pakistan Navy Ordinance 1961
 Protection of Pakistan Act 2014
 Acts empowers for trial of terrorism cases
 Political will and vested interests of stake holders are
major impediments
121

National Action Plan
 Seen as an encroachment on the provincial governments
 Government has worked to implement the NAP in bits
and pieces
 Successes are few due to several reasons
 Difference of opinion in its implementation
 Lack of complete cohesion in working of civil and
military forces
122
Contd…

Conclusion
 Number of proscribed organisations have been on the rise
 Many have emerged with new names
 Killing more than fifty thousand citizens of Pakistan
 Caused huge economic loss to the tune of billions of
rupees
123

Conclusion
 Different operations like Operation
 Rah-e-Haq
 Zarb-i-Azb
 Radul Fasad &
 National Action Plan
 Kinetic actions taken, produced modest results
 Long term measures need to be taken
 Religious
 Education reforms
 De-radicalisation programs
 War of ideas has still not been launched against growth
of proscribed organisations
124
Contd…

Strategy to End Extremism on
Sustainable Basis
 Policies must be diverse and holistic
 Pluralism, religious tolerance, protection of minorities,
freedom of expression improving governance
General measures shall include following:
 Political will
 Mechanism to coordinate and monitor implementation
of the strategy
 Emphasis on research
 Establishing national data bases
125

Integrated Foreign and National Security
Policy
 Formulating an integrated response to the geopolitical
dimension of the terrorist threat
 Suggested strategy is grounded in 3 D’s i.e.
 Dis-engagement
 Dialogue
 Development
126

Policy
 Anti-terror laws need to be refined and effectively
enforced
 Process of dialogue
 Religious Scholars/leaders
 Development in the backward areas
127
Contd…

Policy
 Focus of the strategy be:
 Countering militants Ideology
 Reducing militants’ Human Resource
 Neutralizing existing ranks of militant organizations
 Dismantling militants’ support network
 Disabling Communication Network
 Grabbing of facilitators/ sponsors of proscribed
organisations
128
Contd…

Action Plan
129
Sr.
No.
Intervention Respon-
sibility
Activity Timelines
1. Amendment in
laws
MoI/ MoL Amendment by
parliament
Short
term
2. Appointment
of High Court
Judges as ATC
Judges
MoL/
Prov:
Govts
Notification Short
term

Action Plan
130
Sr.
No.
sibility
Activity Timelines
3. Neutralizing
Militants’
Ideology
MoI / FIA
/ Police
Int:
Agencies
 Releasing statistics
about convicted
terrorist belonging
to madrassa
 List of madrassa
educated persons
placed on 4th
schedule made
public
 Stop radicalization
by blocking
website
Short term
Contd…

Action Plan
131
Sr.
No.
Intervention Responsi-
bility
Activity Timelines
4. Reducing
Militants’
human
resource
 National campaign
to arrest wanted
terrorists
 Preparing national
list of wanted
persons
 List of wanted
persons and those
on 4th schedule be
made accessible to
passport / license
issuing authorities
Short /
medium
term
Contd…

Action Plan
132
Sr.
No.
sibility
Activity Timelines
5. Dismantling
Militants’
Support
Network
• Chocking funds
• Sensitize people
about donations
to organizations
• List of banned
outfits be
publicized
extensively.
Short /
medium
term

SYNDICATE-2
Committee on Eroding Writ of the State and its Impact on
National Security of Pakistan:
Way Forward
Date: May 25, 2018 133

Composition
134
Serial No. Name Designation
1 Dr. Shahzad Aslam Siddiqui,
PSP
Chairperson
2 Mr. Abdul Ghaffar Talpur,
ISI
Member
3 Syed Javed Iqbal Bokhari,
Govt. of Punjab
Member
4 Mr. Amir Muhammad Daudpota,
Pak. Rlys
Member

Methodology
 Discussions and Interviews
 Books
 Research Papers
 Journals
 Newspapers
 Internet
135

Resource Persons
136
 Mr. Tariq Khosa, Former DG FIA, Secy. Narcotics Div.
 Chairman NACTA, Islamabad
 Maj. Gen. Abid Rafique, DG Inf. GHQ
 Mr Abid Imtiaz, DDG ISI LHR
 Rai Tahir , Addl. IG CTD LHR
 Add. IG Police (Finance & Welfare), Punjab, Lahore
 Addl. Sec. MOI, Islamabad
 Brig. Rtd. Noman, C.T. ISI, Islamabad

Acronyms
137
 AJ&K Azad Jammu & Kashmir
 BMS Boarder Management System
 CPEC China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
 CTD Counter Terrorism Department
 FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas
 FR Frontier Regions
 GB Gilgit Baltistan
 GDP Gross Domestic Product
 IMF International Monitoring Fund
 ISAF International Security Assistance Force
 KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
 LEAs Law Enforcement Agencies

Acronyms
138
 NACTA National Counter Terrorism Authority
 NAP National Action Plan
 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organizations
 NISP National Internal Security Policy
 NMC National Management Course
 PM Prim Minister
 SAFRON Ministry of State and Frontier Regions
 TOR Terms of Reference
 UNSC United Nation Security Council
 USA United States of America

Sequence
 TORs
 Vision
 Mission
 Historical Perspective
 Erosion of Writ of the State
 Current Situation and Complication
 Analysis
 Statement of Problem
 Goals
 Strategic Action Plan
 De-Stabilizing Factor
 Plan-B
 Way-Forward
139

Terms of Reference
 Writ of the state, concept, ingredients, implementation
and authority
 Impact of erosion of writ of the state on progress and
sustainable development
 Challenges being faced by writ of the state in tribal and
settled areas of Pakistan
140

Terms of Reference
 Role of different actors and stakeholders in erosion of
writ of state
 Efforts made for restoration of the writ of the state
 Practicable strategy to be adopted to restore legitimate
writ of the state
141

Vision
142
Peaceful and Prosperous Pakistan

Mission
143
Restoration of the writ of the state through effective
enforcement of laws across the board, rebuilding of
institutions and strengthening of national security

Historical Perspective
144
 Absence of merit based bureaucracy:
 Subordination of military to civil power
 Separation of religion from state
 Three consecutive Marshal Laws:
 Constitutional Crisis, Prolonged Military Rule
 Weaker civilian institutions, Dysfunctional democratic
institutions

Historical Perspective
145
 USSR intervention in Afghanistan:
 Emergence of Talibans
 Mashroom Growth of Deeni Madaris in Pakistan
 Militarizations in Deeni Madaris
 2000’s Talibanization & Terrorism:
 9/11 & its Fallout
 Talibanization in FATA
 Targeting of ISAF Forces in Afghanistan
 Terrorism in Pakistan

Erosion of Writ of State
146
Factors
 Terrorism, Violent Extremism in the name of Jihad and
Political Polarization
 Weak State Institutions, Economic Instability, Trust
Deficit between Political & Military Leaderhip
 Absence of Rule of Law, Bad Governance Socio-
economic deprivation and Internal conflicts
 External Threats and International Interests

Current Situation
148
 Failure of democratic institutions
 Inability of the government to curb rising militancy
 Failure of tax collection
 Safe havens for terrorists
 Inactions against proscribed organizations

Current Situation
149
 Breakdown of public services
 Poor education
 Poor health
 Non-availability of clean drinking water
 Energy crisis

Complications
 Incident of 9/11 and its aftermath
 Afghan militants in the garb of refugees
 LEAs vis-a-vis terrorist organizations
 Appeasement policy of the Government
 Political polarization
 Economic downfall
150

Complication
 High population growth
 Frustrated youth
 Black economy
 Non-state actors
 Political short sightedness
151

Analysis
152
 Erosion of state authority after Afghan War
 Terrorism, Sectarianism, Extremism & Radicalization
 Liberal Fascism
 Sub-nationalists
 Failure of the government to deal with this menace
 Extractive economic and political institutions

Analysis
153
 Non-accountability of Proscribed organizations and non-
state actors
 Weak Criminal Judicial System
 Institutional failure to deliver
 Deterioration in civil-military relations

Statement of the Problem, Questions
 The worsening internal security, shrinking state authority,
failing state institutions and bad governance in Pakistan
have eroded the writ of the state and posed serious threats
to political and economic stability.
 How to ensure enduring peace, stability and prosperity in
the country by addressing the critical issue of erosion of
the writ of the state?
154

Recommendations
155
 Defence Committee of the Cabinet should meet every
week with PM in chair
 NACTA should be placed under PM and make an action
plan on countering terrorism and religious extremism
 Defence Committee of the Cabinet to resolve the Civil-
Military disconnect
 An Independent National Accountability Commission
should be established to replace NAB, headed by a retired
police officer of impeccable integrity

Recommendations
156
 Independent Police Complaint Authority be established
by Federal Government headed by a retired judge of
Supreme Court.
 An intelligence coordination organization should be
established on the lines of the Homeland Security of US
 Political neutrality of the police should be ensured
 Mechanism for election of responsible and accountable
Leadership

Goals
157
 Restoration of writ of the state by addressing the
elements eroding it
 Extractive political and economic institutions to be
transformed into inclusive institutions for sustainable
 Development Mainstreaming of tribal areas and
extension of all Pakistani laws to these areas

Goals
158
 Elimination of all kind of extremism to control terrorism
and radicalization
 A comprehensive strategy is to be formed and pursued to
regain writ of the state

Strategic Action Plan
160
GOAL-1: Restoration of writ of the state by addressing
the elements eroding it
Activity Responsibility Timeline Outcomes/
KPIs
Strict
enforcement of
government
policies and laws
Federal,
Provincial and
Local
Governments and
all autonomous
and semi-
autonomous
bodies
Short
Term
Public
perception
prevailed
that no one
is above the
law

161
KPIs
Improved public
service delivery
Federal,
Provincial and
Local
Governments and
all autonomous
and semi-
autonomous
bodies
Long
Term
Basic public
services
available to
all citizens

162
KPIs
Protection of
fundamental and
constitutional
rights
All Federal and
Provincial
Governments
along with
superior and
subordinate
courts
Short
Term
50%
reduction in
court cases
relating to
constitutional
and
fundamental
rights

163
GOAL-2: Extractive political and economic institutions to
be transformed into inclusive institutions for sustainable
development
KPIs
Improved
governance
through
restructuring
and rebuilding
of state
institutions
Federal, Provincial
and Local
Governments and
all autonomous
and semi-
autonomous
bodies
In phased
manner
100%
achievement
of set goals
by all state
institutions

164
development
KPIs
Action against
tax evaders to
improve
collection of
taxes
Tax collecting
authorities of
Federal,
Provincial and
Local
Governments
From FY
2018-19
to onward
Increase in
tax revenue
collection up
to 15% of
GDP

165
development
KPIs
Comprehensive
economic
reforms to
improve the
living standard of
a common man
Federal
Government,
Ministry of
Finance and
Planning Division
Medium
Term
Increase in
per capita
income up to
US$ 2000

166
GOAL-3: Mainstreaming of tribal areas and extension of
all Pakistani laws to these areas
KPIs
Merger of
FATA into KP
Province
Federal
Government
Short Term Integration of
tribal areas
with KP and
extension of all
constitutional
rights to the
people of FATA

167
KPIs
Socio-
economic
development
in tribal areas
through a
package of Rs.
10 billion
Federal and KP
Government
Short Term Requisite
amount
disbursed and
utilized

168
KPIs
Strengthening
of LEAs in
FATA to
ensure law and
order
Federal and KP
Government and
Paramilitary
Forces
Long Term 100%
elimination of
anti-state
elements and
criminals

169
KPIs
Improved boarder
management to
control
smuggling, drug
trafficking and
cross boarder
infiltration
Federal, KP
Government
and
Paramilitary
forces
Long
Term
100% reduction
in smuggling,
drug trafficking
and cross
boarder
infiltration

170
GOAL-4: Elimination of all kind of extremism to control
terrorism and radicalization
KPIs
Counter
Extremism
and Counter
Radicalization
Narrative
Ministry of
Interior, NACTA,
Ministry of
Information,
Provincial Home
and Information
Departments
Long Term National
narrative
developed and
circulated

171
KPIs
Political “will”
and ownership
against
extremism and
radicalization
PM, Cabinet,
Ministry of
Interior, Home
Department at
Provincial level
Long Term Strong resolve
and political
“will”
reflected in
public opinion

172
KPIs
Implementation
of all 20 Points
of National
Action Plan
(NAP) 2014
Federal
Government,
Ministry of
Interior,
NACTA,
Provincial Home
Departments
Short Term All 20 points
of NAP
implemented

De-stabilizing Factor
173
 Destabilization can happen if there is change of
government and political leadership which may pursue
its own political agenda instead of improving governance
and restoring writ of the state

Plan-B
174
Scenario Effect on Strategy Plan B
Change of
government
and political
leadership
Institutional
reforms process
shall be stalled
• Reliance on softer
interventions
• Enforcement of laws
as far as possible
• Meritocracy & better
service delivery

Way Forward
175
 Restoration of State Authority
 Strengthening of Laws and LEAs
 Rule of Law & Good Governance
 Ensuring Sustainable Socio-economic Development
 Strengthening of Democratic Institutions

Secondary Sources
176
 https://nation.com.pk/07-Oct-2015/writ-of-the-state
 Mr. Khosa, Tariq, The Faltering State: Pakistan’s Internal Security Landscape, Oxford University Press 2017.
 Daron Acemoglu & James A Robinson. Why Nations Fail.
 Zahid Hussain. ‘The Construction and Deconstruction of Pakistan: The Institutional Writ of the State.
 Ishrat Hussain, Governing the Ungovernable: Institutional Reforms for Democratic Governance.
 Huther J. and A. Shah (2005). ‘Chapter 2: Simple Measure of Good Governance’. Public Service Delivery.
 Barro, R. (1991). ‘Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries’. Quarterly Journal of Economics.
 Knack, S. P. (1995). ‘Institutions of Economic Performance’. Economics and politics.
 Lecture Delivered by Ishrat Hussain at the Command and Staff College Quetta.
 Zahid Hussain. ‘The Construction and Deconstruction of Pakistan: The Institutional Writ of the State.
 Ishrat Hussain, Governing the Ungovernable: Institutional Reforms for Democratic Governance.
 Amir Zia: The State Writ: A Fundamental to Development, Published in Hilal English March 2016
 Dr. Qaisar Rashid: Writ of the State in Tribal and settled areas of Pakistan
 Pakistan – a weak state December 14, 2017.
 https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/12/14/pakistan-a-weak-state/
 amir.zia@gmail.com Twitter: @AmirZia1
 https://www.liverostrum.com › Pakistan › National
 CJCSC

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