Different thermal conductivity of different materials causes damage .pdf

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Different thermal conductivity of different materials causes damage of the instruments as weather conditions changes bring change in temperature over which various material properties are dependent. Solution Different thermal conductivity of different materials causes damage of the instruments as weather conditions changes bring change in temperature over which various material properties are dependent..

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Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate is a basic organic compound. In basic and neutral solutions, it will be insoluble in water. However, in acidic solutions, the amino group will be protonated, formed a charged salt species. As with normal salts, this is water-soluble. So; 1.0 M HCl: soluble 1.0 M NaOH and Water: insoluble. Solution Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate is a basic organic compound. In basic and neutral solutions, it will be insoluble in water. However, in acidic solutions, the amino group will be protonated, formed a charged salt species. As with normal salts, this is water-soluble. So; 1.0 M HCl: soluble 1.0 M NaOH and Water: insoluble..

Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate is a basic organic compound. In basic and neut.pdf

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/* draw a sphere and use raytracing on the sphere in OpenGL glut. */ #include #include #include #include #include #define screen_width 750 #define screen_height 750 #define true 1 #define false 0 #define perpendicular 0 int gridXsize = 20; int gridZsize = 20; float plane[] = {0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -50.0,}; float sphere[] = {250.0, 270.0, -100.0, 100.0}; float eye[] = {0.0, 400.0, 550.0}; float light[] = {250.0, 550.0, -200.0}; float dot(float *u, float *v) { return u[0]*v[0] + u[1]*v[1] + u[2]*v[2]; } void norm(float *u) { float norm = sqrt(abs(dot(u,u))); for (int i =0; i <3; i++) { u[i] = u[i]/norm; } } float plane_intersect(float *u, float *pO) { float normt[3] = {plane[0], plane[1], plane[2]}; float s; if (dot(u,normt) == 0) { s = -10; } else { s = (plane[3]-(dot(pO,normt)))/(dot(u,normt)); } return s; } float sphere_intersect(float *u, float *pO) { float deltaP[3] = {sphere[0]-pO[0],sphere[1]-pO[1],sphere[2]-pO[2]}; float deltLen = sqrt(abs(dot(deltaP,deltaP))); float t=0; float answer; float det; if ((det =(abs(dot(u,deltaP)*dot(u,deltaP))- (deltLen*deltLen)+sphere[3]*sphere[3])) < 0) { answer = -10; } else { t =-1*dot(u,deltaP)- sqrt(det) ; if (t>0) { answer = t; } else { answer = -10; } } return answer; } void find_reflect(float *u, float s, float *pO) { float n[3] = {pO[0]+s *u[0]-sphere[0],pO[1]+s *u[1]-sphere[1],pO[2]+s *u[2]- sphere[2]}; float l[3] = {s *u[0],s *u[1],s *u[2]}; u[0] =(2*dot(l,n)*n[0])-l[0]; u[1] = (2*dot(l,n)*n[1])-l[1]; u[2] = (2*dot(l,n)*n[2])-l[2]; } float find_shade(float *u,float s, float *pO) { float answer; float lightVec[3] = {light[0]-(pO[0]+s *u[0]), light[1]-(pO[1]+s *u[1]), light[2]-(pO[2]+s *u[2])}; float n[3] = {pO[0]+s *u[0]-sphere[0],pO[1]+s *u[1]-sphere[1],pO[2]+s *u[2]-sphere[2]}; answer = -1*dot(lightVec,n)/(sqrt(abs(dot(lightVec,lightVec)))*sqrt(abs(dot(n,n)))); return answer; } void init() { glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D(0,screen_width,0,screen_height); } void display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT| GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); for (int i=0; i < screen_width; i++) { for (int j=0; j < screen_height; j++) { float ray[3] = {1*(eye[0]-i),-1*(eye[1]-j),1*eye[2]}; float point[3] = {i,j,0}; norm(ray); int plotted = false; while (!plotted) { float s_plane = plane_intersect(ray, point); float s_sphere = sphere_intersect(ray, point); if (s_plane <= 0 && s_sphere <=0) { glColor3f(0,0,0); glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex3f(i,j,0); glEnd(); plotted = true; } else if (s_sphere >= 0 && (s_plane <=0 || s_sphere <= s_plane)) { find_reflect(ray, s_sphere, point); } else if (s_plane >=0 && (s_sphere <=0 ||s_plane <= s_sphere)) { float shade = find_shade(ray, s_plane, point); float xx = s_plane*ray[0] + eye[0]; float z = s_plane*ray[2] + eye[2]; if (abs((int)xx/gridXsize)%2 == abs((int)z/gridZsize)%2) { glColor3f(shade,0,0); } else { glColor3f(shade,shade,shade); } glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex3f(i,j,0); glEnd(); plotted = true; } } } } glFlush(); } int main(.

draw a sphere and use raytracing on the sphere in OpenGL glut. .pdf

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SnO2 (ore) is initially washed and dressed. then it is treated with red hot coke/coall(acts as reducing agent) SnO2(s) + C(s)---------> Sn(molten) +CO(g) thus obtained molten Sn is cooled to Pure solid form Solution SnO2 (ore) is initially washed and dressed. then it is treated with red hot coke/coall(acts as reducing agent) SnO2(s) + C(s)---------> Sn(molten) +CO(g) thus obtained molten Sn is cooled to Pure solid form.

SnO2 (ore) is initially washed and dressed. then .pdf

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d) Valine Note its side chain doesnt contain a.pdf

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Amphiprotic. The preferred term is amphoteric. A compound that is amphoteric can behave as either an acid or a base. These are most commonly explained when using the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Sorry. NONE of these are amphoteric (or amphiprotic). In order to behave as a Bronsted-Lowry acid it must donate a proton. That narrows it down to HCl and HSO4-. In order to behave as a base it must accept a proton. A, D and E can all accept protons. HCl is a strong acid and dissociates to form H+ and Cl-. There is no tendency to gain a proton. HSO4- is a weak acid and can donate a proton, but it won\'t accept a proton to make H2SO4 because H2SO4 is a strong acid and completely dissociates. Even if one of the choices had been HSO3- we would still have a problem. It would be tempting to say that HSO3- could gain a proton to make the weak acid H2SO3. The problem is that H2SO3 does not exist in aqueous solution. It is a fictitious acid, much like H2CO3 which also cannot exist in aqueous solution. The bottom line is that NONE of these are amphoteric. ========= Follow up ========== See! HPV got suckered. Sorry, you can\'t possibly form H2SO4 and OH-. H2SO4 is a strong acid and completely dissociates to form H+ and HSO4-. The H+ will combine with OH- to make water, and you\'re right back where you started. No. HSO4- is NOT amphoteric in aqueous solution. ======= More follow up ========== \"Would it matter about the physical state?\" No. For the substance to gain a proton, it will be in aqueous solution. As soon as HCl interacts with water it will dissociate to form H+ and Cl-. =============================== You may see that HSO4- is listed as an amphoteric substance, but only because whoever wrote that didn\'t think it through. Solution Amphiprotic. The preferred term is amphoteric. A compound that is amphoteric can behave as either an acid or a base. These are most commonly explained when using the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Sorry. NONE of these are amphoteric (or amphiprotic). In order to behave as a Bronsted-Lowry acid it must donate a proton. That narrows it down to HCl and HSO4-. In order to behave as a base it must accept a proton. A, D and E can all accept protons. HCl is a strong acid and dissociates to form H+ and Cl-. There is no tendency to gain a proton. HSO4- is a weak acid and can donate a proton, but it won\'t accept a proton to make H2SO4 because H2SO4 is a strong acid and completely dissociates. Even if one of the choices had been HSO3- we would still have a problem. It would be tempting to say that HSO3- could gain a proton to make the weak acid H2SO3. The problem is that H2SO3 does not exist in aqueous solution. It is a fictitious acid, much like H2CO3 which also cannot exist in aqueous solution. The bottom line is that NONE of these are amphoteric. ========= Follow up ========== See! HPV got suckered. Sorry, you can\'t possibly form H2SO4 and OH-. H2SO4 is a strong acid and completely dissociates to form H+ a.

Amphiprotic. The preferred term is amphoteric. A .pdf

aquacosmossystems

at equivalence point, Moles OH- added = moles H+ Molarity NaOH x vol. OH- x 1 OH- per NaOH = moles OH- = moles H+ = Molarity H2SO4 x vol H2SO4 x 2 H+ per H2SO4 More generally, M1V1E1 = M2V2E2, where E is the equivalence factor, number of H+ per formula unit for acids and number of OH- per unit for bases Solution at equivalence point, Moles OH- added = moles H+ Molarity NaOH x vol. OH- x 1 OH- per NaOH = moles OH- = moles H+ = Molarity H2SO4 x vol H2SO4 x 2 H+ per H2SO4 More generally, M1V1E1 = M2V2E2, where E is the equivalence factor, number of H+ per formula unit for acids and number of OH- per unit for bases.

at equivalence point, Moles OH- added = moles H+.pdf

aquacosmossystems

We Know that: Water is a Polar component as the property ofthe solubility Like dissolves Like methyl tertiary butyl etherwhich is polar compound is relatively more soluble inwater when compared to other components in gasoline. Solution We Know that: Water is a Polar component as the property ofthe solubility Like dissolves Like methyl tertiary butyl etherwhich is polar compound is relatively more soluble inwater when compared to other components in gasoline..

We Know that Water is a Polar component as .pdf

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molar mass of C2H5OH = 46.1 g/mole moles of C2H5OH = mass / molar mass = 47.0 / 46.1 = 1.02 mole 1 moles of C2H5OH contains 6.02 x 1023 C2H5OH molecules, thus, number of C2H5OH molecules = 1.02 x 6.02 x 1023 = 6.14 x 1023 C2H5OH molecules Solution molar mass of C2H5OH = 46.1 g/mole moles of C2H5OH = mass / molar mass = 47.0 / 46.1 = 1.02 mole 1 moles of C2H5OH contains 6.02 x 1023 C2H5OH molecules, thus, number of C2H5OH molecules = 1.02 x 6.02 x 1023 = 6.14 x 1023 C2H5OH molecules.

molar mass of C2H5OH = 46.1 gmole moles of C2H5O.pdf

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What property of PN code makes them suitable for use in spread spectrum communication? Solution Pseudo random noise is used in some electronic musical instruments, either by itself or as an input to subtractive synthesis, and in many white noise machines. In spread-spectrum systems, the receiver correlates a locally generated signal with the received signal. Such spread-spectrum systems require a set of one or more \"codes\" or \"sequences\" such that Like random noise, the local sequence has a very low correlation with any other sequence in the set, or with the same sequence at a significantly different time offset, or with narrow band interference, or with thermal noise. Unlike random noise, it must be easy to generate exactly the same sequence at both the transmitter and the receiver, so the receiver\'s locally generated sequence has a very high correlation with the transmitted sequence. In a direct-sequence spread spectrum system, each bit in the pseudorandom binary sequence is known as a chip and the inverse of its period as chip rate; comparebit rate and symbol rate. In a frequency-hopping spread spectrum sequence, each value in the pseudo random sequence is known as a channel number and the inverse of its period as thehop rate. FCC Part 15 mandates at least 50 different channels and at least a 2.5 Hz hop rate for narrow band frequency-hopping systems. GPS satellites broadcast data at a rate of 50 data bits per second – each satellite modulates its data with one PN bit stream at 1.023 million chips per second and the same data with another PN bit stream at 10.23 million chips per second. GPS receivers correlate the received PN bit stream with a local reference to measure distance. GPS is a receive-only system that uses relative timing measurements from several satellites (and the known positions of the satellites) to determine receiver position. Other range-finding applications involve two-way transmissions. A local station generates a pseudo random bit sequence and transmits it to the remote location (using any modulation technique). Some object at the remote location echoes this PN signal back to the location station – either passively, as in some kinds of radar and sonar systems, or using an active transponder at the remote location, as in the Apollo Unified S-band system.[4] By correlating a (delayed version of) the transmitted signal with the received signal, a precise round trip time to the remote location can be determined and thus the distance..

What property of PN code makes them suitable for use in spread spect.pdf

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TLC can be used to help determine the number of components in a mixture, the identity of compounds, and the purity of a compound. By observing the appearance of a product or the disappearance of a reactant, it can also be used to monitor the progress of a reaction. The sample is applied to the layer of adsorbent, near one edge, as a small spot of a solution. After the solvent has evaporated, the adsorbent-coated sheet is propped more or less vertically in a closed container, with the edge to which the spot was applied down. The spot on the thin layer plate must be positioned above the level of the solvent in the container .If it is below the level of the solvent, the spot will be washed off the plate into the developing solvent. The solvent, which is in the bottom of the container, creeps up the layer of adsorbent, passes over the spot, and, as it continues up, effects a separation of the materials in the spot (\"develops\" the chromatogram). When the solvent front has nearly reached nearly the top of the adsorbent, the thin layer plate is removed from the container. Solution TLC can be used to help determine the number of components in a mixture, the identity of compounds, and the purity of a compound. By observing the appearance of a product or the disappearance of a reactant, it can also be used to monitor the progress of a reaction. The sample is applied to the layer of adsorbent, near one edge, as a small spot of a solution. After the solvent has evaporated, the adsorbent-coated sheet is propped more or less vertically in a closed container, with the edge to which the spot was applied down. The spot on the thin layer plate must be positioned above the level of the solvent in the container .If it is below the level of the solvent, the spot will be washed off the plate into the developing solvent. The solvent, which is in the bottom of the container, creeps up the layer of adsorbent, passes over the spot, and, as it continues up, effects a separation of the materials in the spot (\"develops\" the chromatogram). When the solvent front has nearly reached nearly the top of the adsorbent, the thin layer plate is removed from the container..

TLC can be used to help determine the number of components in a mixt.pdf

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There may have some variables affect the model. So the error term will reflect a systematic pattern. Or it is not a correct functional form. So there is a bias. I would suggest that it can be remedial by using data transformation. Solution There may have some variables affect the model. So the error term will reflect a systematic pattern. Or it is not a correct functional form. So there is a bias. I would suggest that it can be remedial by using data transformation..

There may have some variables affect the model. So the error term wi.pdf

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There are four major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle. (i) Contractility- for muscle movement (ii) Excitability- response to chemical and/or electrical signals. (iii) Extensibility- the ability to stretch to the normal resting length after contracting (iv) Elasticity - the ability to return to the original resting length after a muscle has been stretched. Solution There are four major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle. (i) Contractility- for muscle movement (ii) Excitability- response to chemical and/or electrical signals. (iii) Extensibility- the ability to stretch to the normal resting length after contracting (iv) Elasticity - the ability to return to the original resting length after a muscle has been stretched..

There are four major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle..pdf

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The distinction is important due to the following reasons. The data and information are exchangable. The data is real. Data may be quantitative or qualitative Information is a activity data. To become a data as information ,we need to deposit the data into statements or condition. Data is uncooked upto the time it is arranged. Data may be a charecter,text,word,number....etc i.e joe,smith,84084........ Data comes from the latin word \"datum\". Data and information are involved binding with each other. Data is incoherent with out information it means that it is irelevant. The no of callers for a website by country is example of data. With the help of formulas we can convert a data into information which can be understood by humans. Data can be described in terms of information . \" DIKW pyramid helps to know the relation ship between data and information\". Solution The distinction is important due to the following reasons. The data and information are exchangable. The data is real. Data may be quantitative or qualitative Information is a activity data. To become a data as information ,we need to deposit the data into statements or condition. Data is uncooked upto the time it is arranged. Data may be a charecter,text,word,number....etc i.e joe,smith,84084........ Data comes from the latin word \"datum\". Data and information are involved binding with each other. Data is incoherent with out information it means that it is irelevant. The no of callers for a website by country is example of data. With the help of formulas we can convert a data into information which can be understood by humans. Data can be described in terms of information . \" DIKW pyramid helps to know the relation ship between data and information\"..

The distinction is important due to the following reasons.The data.pdf

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sequence Fnconverges to L hence by definition for given € 0 there exist N such that |Fn-L| < €1/3 whenever (nN) |F3n - L3 | |Fn - L|3 by Cauhy Schwartz inequality. |F3n - L3 | |Fn - L|3 < € whenever (nN) Hece by definition F3 converges to L3. Solution sequence Fnconverges to L hence by definition for given € 0 there exist N such that |Fn-L| < €1/3 whenever (nN) |F3n - L3 | |Fn - L|3 by Cauhy Schwartz inequality. |F3n - L3 | |Fn - L|3 < € whenever (nN) Hece by definition F3 converges to L3..

sequence Fnconverges to L hence by definition for given € 0 there.pdf

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//Project .java import java.util.*; public class Project implements Comparable, Comparator { int projectId; boolean active; String projectName; String projectDescription; public Project() { } public Project(int id, String stat, String name,String des) { projectId=id; if(stat.equals(\"A\")) active=true; else active=false; projectName=name; projectDescription=des; } public int getProjectID() { return projectId; } public String getProjectName() { return projectName; } public String getProjectDescription() { return projectDescription; } public boolean getActiveFlag() { return active; } public void display() { System.out.println(\"Project ID: \"+projectId); if(active==true) System.out.println(\"Active flag: \"+\"A\"); else System.out.println(\"Active flag: \"+\"I\"); System.out.println(\"Project Name: \"+projectName); System.out.println(\"Project Description: \"+projectDescription); } @Override public int compareTo(Project p) { return (this.getProjectName().compareTo(p.getProjectName())); } @Override public int compare(Project p1, Project p2) { return p1.projectId - p2.projectId; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //ProjectDAO.java import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import java.util.*; public class ProjectDAO { String fileName; List projectList=new ArrayList<>(); public ProjectDAO(String file) throws FileNotFoundException { fileName=file; Scanner infile=new Scanner(new FileReader(file)); while(infile.hasNextLine()) { String str[]=infile.nextLine().split(\"|\"); projectList.add(new Project(Integer.parseInt(str[0]),str[1],str[2],str[3])); } } public Project getProject(int id) { return projectList.get(id); } public void sortByProjectID(List projectList) { Collections.sort(projectList, new Project()); } public void sortByProjectName(List projectList) { Collections.sort(projectList); } public void PrintProjectDetails() { for(int i=0;i Solution //Project .java import java.util.*; public class Project implements Comparable, Comparator { int projectId; boolean active; String projectName; String projectDescription; public Project() { } public Project(int id, String stat, String name,String des) { projectId=id; if(stat.equals(\"A\")) active=true; else active=false; projectName=name; projectDescription=des; } public int getProjectID() { return projectId; } public String getProjectName() { return projectName; } public String getProjectDescription() { return projectDescription; } public boolean getActiveFlag() { return active; } public void display() { System.out.println(\"Project ID: \"+projectId); if(active==true) System.out.println(\"Active flag: \"+\"A\"); else System.out.println(\"Active flag: \"+\"I\"); System.out.println(\"Project Name: \"+projectName); System.out.println(\"Project Description: \"+projectDescription); } @Override public int compareTo(Project p) { return (this.getProjectName().compareTo(p.getProjectName())); } @Override public int compare(Project p1, Project p2) { return p1..

Project .javaimport java.util.;public class Project impleme.pdf

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Our immune system will respond and protect our body from pathogens by three lines of defenses. First Line of Defense :- It is the non specific defense mechanism, in which pathogen or antigen restrict to enter into the body, this includes the skin, mucous membranes(lining of respiratory tracts, genito urinary tracts) cilia of the respiratory tract, nasal hairs,urine, perspiration, saliva, sebum, sweat from sweat pores, gastric juices are included. These plays an vital role and protect from the pathogens at entry level, Second line of defense :- When the pathogen enters into the body by crossing the first line of defense which manifest the symptomatic disease, this is due to second line of defense, the immunogen triggers immune response and shows immunity in order to decrease the multiplication rate. This is innate immune response which prevents disease manifestation this includes, inflammatory response, phagocytosis( WBC cells, NK cells, Neutrophils, Redness,( Dolar,Rubor, Colar,Tumor), fever response. Third line of defense :- When the pathogen load is high then immunogen presented to the cell mediated immune response, which relies on T cells and B cell immunity, in which antibodies, interleukins, interferon are produced and kills the pathogen. These are antigen specific, acquired immune response, and memory cells are developed. Fever is the second line of defense in which body temperature is abnormally raised and halt the metabolic rate, in which pathogen are stunted their growth to avail our immune system to eradicate pathogen from the body. Body uses up the metabolic energy to raise and maintain temperature higher than normal. So infections always manifest the fever as symptom, Solution Our immune system will respond and protect our body from pathogens by three lines of defenses. First Line of Defense :- It is the non specific defense mechanism, in which pathogen or antigen restrict to enter into the body, this includes the skin, mucous membranes(lining of respiratory tracts, genito urinary tracts) cilia of the respiratory tract, nasal hairs,urine, perspiration, saliva, sebum, sweat from sweat pores, gastric juices are included. These plays an vital role and protect from the pathogens at entry level, Second line of defense :- When the pathogen enters into the body by crossing the first line of defense which manifest the symptomatic disease, this is due to second line of defense, the immunogen triggers immune response and shows immunity in order to decrease the multiplication rate. This is innate immune response which prevents disease manifestation this includes, inflammatory response, phagocytosis( WBC cells, NK cells, Neutrophils, Redness,( Dolar,Rubor, Colar,Tumor), fever response. Third line of defense :- When the pathogen load is high then immunogen presented to the cell mediated immune response, which relies on T cells and B cell immunity, in which antibodies, interleukins, interferon are produced and kills the pathogen. These are anti.

Our immune system will respond and protect our body from pathogens b.pdf

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#include \"node1.h\" #include \"list.h\" #include // Provides assert #include using namespace std; value_type head(list lst) { list p; p=list_locate(lst,1); return p->data(); } list tail(list lst) { node *head=NULL; node *tail=NULL; list_copy(lst, head, tail); list_head_remove(head); return head; } bool list_is_empty(list lst) { size_t n= list_length(lst); if(n==0) return true; else return false; } list cons(value_type val, const list lst) { node *head=NULL; node *tail=NULL; list_copy(lst, head, tail); list_head_insert(head, val); return head; } Solution #include \"node1.h\" #include \"list.h\" #include // Provides assert #include using namespace std; value_type head(list lst) { list p; p=list_locate(lst,1); return p->data(); } list tail(list lst) { node *head=NULL; node *tail=NULL; list_copy(lst, head, tail); list_head_remove(head); return head; } bool list_is_empty(list lst) { size_t n= list_length(lst); if(n==0) return true; else return false; } list cons(value_type val, const list lst) { node *head=NULL; node *tail=NULL; list_copy(lst, head, tail); list_head_insert(head, val); return head; }.

#include node1.h #include list.h #include cassert P.pdf

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D is correct. Dual stack uses side-by-side protocol stacks on the device. A, B, C, and E are incorrect. A and C are incorrect because they do not maintain side-by-side protocol stacks for IPv4 and IPv6. B and E are incorrect because neither is a transition method. Solution D is correct. Dual stack uses side-by-side protocol stacks on the device. A, B, C, and E are incorrect. A and C are incorrect because they do not maintain side-by-side protocol stacks for IPv4 and IPv6. B and E are incorrect because neither is a transition method..

D is correct. Dual stack uses side-by-side protocol stacks on the de.pdf

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More than one hundred radio-isotopes have been used to assist in a wide variety of diagnostic tests and treatment protocols. The use of radio-isotopes is convenient because they can emit gamma radiation, have a short half-life, and are eliminated from the body shortly after the completion of the diagnostic test or treatment. Radiodiagnostic protocols include: 1. Radioactive tracers are added to the blood stream to enable us to monitor the movement of biochemical components in the human body. 2. Iodine 131, a beta emitter, is used for the treatment of overactive thyroids and also for detecting internal hemorrhages. 3. Diagnostic techniques: Diagnostic techniques in nuclear medicine use radioactive tracers which emit gamma rays from within the body. These tracers are generally short-lived isotopes linked to chemical compounds which permit specific physiological processes to be scrutinized. They can be given by injection, inhalation, or orally. An instrument called a gamma camera produces an image of the distribution of radioactivity in an organ and by using this in conjunction with a computer, the functioning of the organ can be closely monitored. 4. In Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, which is \"a more precise and sophisticated technique\" for detecting cancerous growth in the human body: A positron-emitting radionuclide is introduced, usually by injection, and accumulates in the target tissue. As it decays it emits a positron, which promptly combines with a nearby electron resulting in the simultaneous emission of two identifiable gamma rays in opposite directions. These are detected by a PET camera and give very precise indication of their origin. PET\'s most important clinical role is in oncology, with fluorine-18 as the tracer, since it has proven to be the most accurate non-invasive method of detecting and evaluating most cancers. It is also well used in cardiac and brain imaging. Major therapeutic uses of radio-isotopes are: 1. Cobalt 60, an intense gamma emitter is often used in cancer therapy through direct irradiation. 2. Phosphorous 32, another beta emitter is often injected intravenously for treatment of leukemia. 3. Plutonium 238, an alpha emitter is used as a long lasting low level power source for pacemakers to regulate heart action. 4. Caesium 137, encased in a biologically inert material container, is inserted into body cavities like cervix or rectum to treat cancers in these regions effectively. Intense gamma radiation from the radioisotope kills cancer cells locally, while the beta emissions are shielded by the container walls. 5. Gold 198 or Iridium 192 wires can be inserted as implant for treatment of cancer in the tongue. The list seems endless. A more detailed account can be obtained in the reference link given here. The future of radiotherapy is probably the tagging of a monoclonal antibody for a specific cell followed by the injection of the radioactive complex into the blood. The monoclonal antibodies then bind.

More than one hundred radio-isotopes have been used to assist in a w.pdf

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B. The two primary components of a DAC are file and data ownership, and access rights and permissions. With file and data ownership, all objects within a system must have an owner. Objects without an owner will be left unprotected. Access rights and permissions control the access rights of an individual. Variation exists, but a basic access control list checks read, write, or execute privileges. Answers A, C, and D are incorrect. Solution B. The two primary components of a DAC are file and data ownership, and access rights and permissions. With file and data ownership, all objects within a system must have an owner. Objects without an owner will be left unprotected. Access rights and permissions control the access rights of an individual. Variation exists, but a basic access control list checks read, write, or execute privileges. Answers A, C, and D are incorrect..

B. The two primary components of a DAC are file and data ownership, .pdf

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