Industrial relations, meaning, definition and concept, objectives of industrial relations & remedies, significance of good industrial relations.

1. Industrial Relations
APURV KUMAR MAURYA
MONIRBA (ALLAHABAD)

2. Contents
•Meaning, Definitions & Concept
•Objectives of Industrial Relations
•Causes for poor Industrial Relations & Remedies
•Significance of good Industrial Relations

3. Meaning & Concept
The term industrial relations consist of two words-
industry and relations.
"Industry" means "any productive activity in which an
individual is engaged" and relations" means "the relations
that exist in the industry between the employer and his
workmen.“
Industrial relations are the relations which are the
outcome of the "employment relationship" in an industrial
enterprise. Without the existence of the two parties, the
employer and the workmen, this relationship cannot exist.

4. According to Dale Yoder- “ The term industrial relations
refers to the relationship between management and
employee that arises out of employment.”
According to H.A. Clegg- “The field of industrial
relations includes the study of workers and their trade
unions, management, employers' associations and the
state institutions concerned with the regulation of
employment.”

5. Objectives of Industrial Relations
The fundamental objectives of Industrial Relations is to maintain
sound and harmonious relations between employers and employees.
Some other objectives are as follows :-
To sustain and maintain industrial peace.
To establish industrial democracy.
To ensure discipline in organizations.
To create goodwill and trust.
To minimize industrial conflicts.
To safeguard the interest of both the parties.
To raise productivity.

6. Causes for Poor Industrial Relations
1. Economic Causes:
Poor wages and poor working conditions are the main reasons for
unhealthy relations among management and labor. Unauthorized
deductions from wages, lack of fringe benefits, absence of
promotional opportunities, dissatisfaction with job evaluation and
performance appraisal methods, faulty incentive schemes are
other economic causes.
2. Organizational Causes:
Faulty communication system, dilution of supervision and command,
non-recognition of trade unions, unfair practices, violation of
collective agreements and standing orders and labor laws are the
organizational causes of poor relations in industry.

7. 3. Social Causes:
Uninteresting nature of work is the main social cause.
Tensions and conflicts in society, growing intolerance have
also led to poor employer-employee relations. Worker has lost
sense of pride and satisfaction in the job.
4. Psychological Causes:
Lack of job security, poor organizational culture, non-
recognition of achievement and performance, poor
interpersonal relations, monotonous and routine work are the
psychological reasons for unsatisfactory employer- employee
relations.

8. Importance of Good Industrial Relations
Their significance may be discussed as under
1. Uninterrupted production –
The most important benefit of industrial relations is that this
ensures continuity of production. This means, continuous
employment for all from manager to workers. The resources are
fully utilized, resulting in the maximum possible production.
2. Benefit to Workers:
IR benefits workers in several ways. For example, it protects
workers against unethical practices on the part of management to
exploit workers by putting them under inhuman working conditions
and niggardly wages. It also provides a procedure to resolve
workers’ grievances relating to work.

9. 3. High morale –
Good industrial relations improve the morale of the employees.
Employees work with great zeal with the feeling in mind that the
interest of employer and employees is one and the same, i.e. to
increase production.
4-. Reduced Wastage –
Good industrial relations are maintained on the basis of
cooperation and recognition of each other. It will help increase
production. Wastages of man, material and machines are reduced
to the minimum and thus national interest is protected. thought
and action is the main achievement of industrial peace.

10. 5. New Programmes:
New programmes for workers development are introduced in an
atmosphere of peace such as training facilities, labor welfare facilities
etc. It increases the efficiency of workers resulting in higher and
better production at lower costs.

11. Measures for Improving Industrial
Relations
1. Sound Human Resource Policies:
Policies and procedures concerning the compensation, transfer,
promotion, etc. of employees should be fair and transparent. All
policies and rules relating to employer-employee relations should be
clear to everybody in the enterprise and to the union leaders.
2. Employee Welfare:
Employers should recognize the need for the welfare of workers. They
must ensure reasonable wages, satisfactory working conditions,
opportunities for training and development, and other necessary
facilities for labor. A genuine concern for the welfare and betterment
of working class is necessary.

12. 3. Grievance Procedure:
A well-established and properly administered system for the
timely and satisfactory redressal of employees’ grievances can be
very helpful in improving employer-employee relations. It provides
an outlet for tensions and frustrations of workers.
4. Constructive Attitudes:
Both management and trade unions should adopt positive attitudes
towards each other. Management must recognize union as the
spokesmen of workers grievances and as custodians of their
interests. Unions and workers, on their part, must recognise and
accept the rights of employers.

13. Thank You