Downsizing Government Impact on Public Services

Downsizing Of Government Research Paper
How will the downsizing of government, particularly at the federal level, reshape public recreation and park services,
libraries, museums, therapeutic recreation and other similar services?
Mia Martin
LSS–160
Dr.Paul Ankomah
North Carolina A&T State University
May 5, 2016
What is a government without public recreation and park services, libraries, museums, therapeutic recreation and other
similar services? How will a community be able to survive or even grow individuals? When you want to downsize a
government it will apprehend individuals in more criminal activities than usual. If the government decides to downsize in
recreation activities, then they should be ready to upsize in law enforcement.
Numerous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They see some parks starting an extra charge and they see innovative projects. Not being able to look inside the downsizing
budget cut the nation feels, parks are doing increasingly with less and less. Ideally the legislature will get a chance ,
comprehend and utilize a portion of the additional cash that is left over and use it to upsize the recreation exercises. "The
secret to the city is integration. Every area of the city should combine work, leisure and culture. Separate these functions and
parts of the city die."–James Lener
References
Dorfan, J. (2015, January 15). Where Republicans Should Start Downsizing Government. Retrieved from
http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2015/01/12/where_republicans_should_start_downsizing_government_101479.html
Edwards, C. (2016, April 4). A Plan to Cut Federal Government Spending. Retrieved from
http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/plan–to–cut–federal–spending
Edwards, C., & McCluskey, N. (2015, November 1). Higher Education Subsidies. Retrieved from
http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/education/higher–education–subsidies
Higgerson, S. (2016, April 1). Parks and Rec talks funding, cutting pool. Retrieved from
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards
Kendra Hughes
Professor Machann
English 2327
March 24, 2010
Errata in the Hands of an Un–Angry God:
A Comparison of Edwards and Franklin
Oberg and Stout put it best in the introduction of their book Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation
of American Culture, "It is difficult, if not impossible to, think of two more widely studied colonial figures than Benjamin
Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. As Franklin and Edwards have been studied individually over generations, so also have they
been looked at together" (Oberg and Stout 3). Through their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to improve
oneself, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both encompass American themes that ultimately define them as ... Show
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Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. "He believed like Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare
and become 'a city upon a hill' " (Gilmore 2). In "Resolutions" Edwards' self–reflection and goals can be seen. He constantly
tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve God's envisage of a new homeland in New England.
Edwards' primary commitment was to understand the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards aspired to
better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community. Franklin, like Edwards, also seeks these
goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings: Some Early American Writers, Lewis
Leary writes, "Franklin was the true American ...he constantly redefines himself...none better represented the simple, noble
men...who lived close to nature faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town" (Leary 9,11). Franklin
provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves. Franklin explains, "no one
can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such as chastity, everyman can find self–
improvement and further contribute to their community" (Franklin

Race Issues from 1877 to Present
Corinne Cowan
Professor Cox
US History
16 December 2011
Race issues from 1877 to present There are five themes that persist throughout American history. The five themes are
mission, manifest destiny, industrialization, imperialism, and race. Racism has been an issue throughout American history.
Only in recent years has the problem been resolved, but even now there is still some issues. Some private groups are still
against some races. Even though slavery was abolished in 1865 by the thirteenth amendment, it declared that "Neither
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall
exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."[1] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He delivered the famous "I Have a Dream" speech in which he expanded American values to include the vision of a color
blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. He was then assassinated on
April 4, 1968 in which is now a holiday to where he will always be remembered for his great deeds in solving equality
between the blacks and whites. The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 prohibited segregation and discrimination in
employment and other areas. The racism issues during this period of time, caused lots of hate and crime. Fortunately during
this period of time, slavery had already been abolished but it took many years to completely have equal rights for all races.
Organizations have formed for anti–racist and civil rights activism such as the NAACP, National Association of the
Advancement of Colored People, and other groups as well. Since America has the right of freedom of speech, groups that
are racist are allowed but if they involve any violence they will be prosecuted for their actions. Throughout the years we
have had more African Americans running for governor, congress, and even President. In 1989 L. Douglas Wilder became
the first black elected governor. Our President now, Barack Obama, is our 44th president and our first African American to
hold the office. This shows that times have definitely changed throughout the years. To this day we still have groups such as
the Ku Klux

Asian Body Language
Body Language: A Look at Asian Cultures
Body language is indeed a powerful and useful form of communication with many forms and interpretations. How one uses
body language, and how another interprets it, is one of the most intriguing parts of any society. The communication patterns
of Asian languages serve to reinforce traditional cultural values and beliefs. Consistent with the primary value of preserving
harmony and face in human relationships, Asian languages utilize communication patterns that promote pleasant social
interaction. These include indirect communication styles; reluctance to criticize or contradict blatantly; and ability to "read"
others' genuine attitudes, opinions, or feelings through nonverbal cues. A significant ... Show more content on
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Don't worry about a bit of pushing and shoving in stores or when groups board public buses or trains. Apologies are neither
offered nor expected. Public displays of affection and public contact between members of the opposite sex are considered
inappropriate, whereas hand holding between members of the same sex is deemed a sign of friendship.
On the public streets of China, spitting and blowing the nose without the benefit of a handkerchief is fairly common. It used
to be regarded as ridding the body of a waste– an act of personal hygiene. However, today it is a sign of "low" class or
uneducated. Throughout Japan and Korea, blowing your nose in public is considered rude, especially at a meal. The
handkerchief is used primarily for wiping the mouth or drying the hands when leaving the washroom. Paper tissues are used
for blowing the nose and then discarded.
Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist and cross–cultural researcher, believes that the United States, like most other western
countries, is a relatively low–context culture. In low–context cultures, the meaning of the message is usually clearly encoded
in the words themselves. Asian cultures are considered high–context cultures, where the meaning of the message should not
be only derived from the words themselves, but particularly from the context of the situation, and non–verbal clues. In
"Beyond Culture," Hall describes that Asian students with high–context cultures expect more of others than do the

High Context Culture
When I think of a culture I think of a group of people from the same region(s) who share similar views on beliefs, values,
and behaviors. For example, Mexican cultures a persons emotional sensitivity is highly valued as well as their role in society
isn't confined to just the workplace (1). Such non–verbal communication Edward T Hall would consider to be a part of a
high–context language culture, which is defined as a language in which people state things indirectly and implicitly (2).
When compared to the United States, a low–context culture, things are explained direct and clear.
Recently I spoke to my father who was born in 1929; raised in a very traditional Mexican household whose parents were
born and raised in Mexico. My father is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, we both talk with our hands and make big movements with them as well as his pitch went from low to high
depending on what he was talking about. When speaking of his childhood he would use lower tones, a deeper voice, and
have a glazed almost distant look in his face; when speaking of his children and education his pitch would go from deep and
low to nostalgic and proud. According to Halls's theory being from a high context society he should be more reserved,
however much like a low–context society my father is more outgoing. Growing up I remember him always working;
working to provide, working to live, working to give my sisters and I a life he never had growing up. I always wondered
why he chose his profession, orthopedics, so I asked him why the medical field? Why not a teacher or a banker? He told me
that he wanted something that as time passes he will have a job. He did't want a career where he would fear loosing his job,
not make enough to survive, or not be able to provide for his future family at the time (3). My father is a simple and proud
man and much like Hall's theory he was a family man, but focused more on his career.
Edward Hall discovered the differences between cultural influences, and when it comes to the work place these differences
aren't always understood. Although my father and I are from a low–context country, being from a high–context

Low Vs. High Context
LOW VERSUS HIGH CONTEXT
Introduction:
In a universe of expanding worldwide cooperation, the need to perceive significant cutural contrasts is discriminating. The
pervasive way of cultural qualities and conventions is beginning to pick up legitimacy on strategic and formative fronts. Yet
over–dependence on cultural definitions as a method for comprehension each other is a dubious move; societies can be
progressive and social conduct deluding. The thought that culture is static alternately impenetrable to impact causes to be
reinvestigated the advancing qualities and declarations of huge numbers of the world 's societies. Beginning communications
between altogether different cultures give understanding into the development of social standards and the effects those
cultures may have had on each other.
Low contextculture is a term utilized by anthropologist Edward T. Corridor in 1976 to portray a correspondence style that
depends intensely on express and direct dialect.
Definition :
Anthropologist Edward T Hall was the first to examine and characterize a low context society. In his 1976 book titled
Beyond Culture, Hall depicted a low context culture as a culture that conveys data in a direct way that depends primarily on
words. Low setting societies don 't depend on relevant components (i.e., the speaker 's manner of speaking or non–verbal
communication) to impart data. They take a more straightforward and unequivocal methodology. This is as opposed to a
high setting

Cultural Diversity : Differences Between High- And Low...
Cultural Diversity: Differences between high– and low–context cultures
A culture of any region provides a complete framework to its inhabitants to how to organize themselves, their actions and
thoughts with respect to their environment. Thus culture is not innate; instead it is learned by the people as they continue to
live in that particular region. This culture drives their thinking, actions and basically all kinds of interaction with their
surroundings. Thus, it is different for different areas and people from these areas learn different ways to interact by each
other(Neuliep, 2015).Moreover, people from different cultures differ from each other because of their context in which they
move about. This context plays an important role in providing meaning to their interaction. There are some things that
cannot be understood by verbal words alone; they have to be justified by the context in which they exist. This has been
argued by Edward Hall, according to whom, "context carries varying proportions of the meaning" (Gamsrieglerm, 2005).
Because of these differences in interaction due to differences in the context in which these people exist, culture has been
divided into two sub–categories. One is high–context culture and the other is low–context culture. These two terms are used
to refer to the differences in culture between different societies because of the difference in context, and have been suggested
by a well–known U.S. anthropologist Edward T. Hall (Hofstede, 2011).

Booker T. Washington
Established in history for his tremendous efforts to improve the condition of blacks in the United States, Booker T.
Washington well deserves admission into the Progressive Hall of Fame. Washington took it upon his own conscience to deal
with the poverty and discrimination faced by black americans during the Jim Crow era. He provided education and
economic opportunity to disadvantaged black men at institutes, much like the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Though
Washington focused moreso on economic equality than social equality, he provided a stepping stone for the future, which
would surmount to the furthering of civil rights for blacks.
In a time of desperation for the common black man, Washington provided a beacon of hope, providing a community to those
lost in the waves of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Washington took advantage of the situation, offering a humble plea to the white race, so that his black brothers could be
employed. Washington then continued to describe the fidelity that the Negro would offer, being a reliable source of work.
Washington's views were not without fault however, as they were assailed by W.E.B. Du Bois for subjugating the black race
to menial labor and social inferiority. In Du Bois' essay "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" in his collection The
Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois accuses Washington of allowing the South to solidify the supremacy of the white race over the
black. "Washington's programme practically accepts the alleged inferiority of the Negro races." Though partly true,
Washington's incentive was not to gain equal economic footing, but a footing at all. Due to the numerous labor strikes
following the Panic of 1893, unemployment went through the roof, leaving many white southerners without an efficient
labor force. Washington chose to fill the gap with a band of hard working blacks, so that they may prove their aptitude to
their white employers. "Washington insisted instead that blacks could surmount trade unions by

Geert Hofstede Management Theory
The concept that "national culture" turns the populations behaviour of distinct national states (territories) both outside and
inside of the firms (for example the actions and decision of consumers and managers) has wide–ranging provision in both
management and academic consultancy societies. Training, research and teaching that attributes with casual power towards
national culture is dependent mainly on the description and conception of theorist like Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars,
and Edward T. Hall etc.
The approaches and dimensions of culture are essential international business aspect. Making sure how cultures observe
diverse business aspects might be helpful for the manager to navigate from international world market. Efficient usage ...
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Some of the challenges that are necessary to be discussed in the task includes:
Communication: Language, perceptual and cultural barriers are necessary for overcoming the diversity programs in order to
succeed. Inefficient communication of main aim results in lack of moral and teamwork and confusion
Resistance to change: Within an organisation there are employees that do not accept the reality that the cultural and social
structure of their workplace is transforming. The "we have done it this way" approach inhibits progress and discourages new
concepts and ideas.
Application of diversity in the workplace policies: This might be intervening trial to each and every diversity supporters.
Equipped with the outcome of research data and employee assessment, they need to implement and build a customised
approach for maximising the impact of diversity within workplace for specific firm.
Effective Management of Diversity in the Workplace: only diversity training is not enough for creating firm's diversity
management plan. An objective needs to be implemented and created for developing a culture of diversity which permeates
each function and department of the

A Report On Toyota 's Production System
Abstract
Toyota today is one of the leading lean example in today's manufacturing market. Starting back in the 1930's with the idea of
Just–in–Time to cut down cost in waste from overstocked storage rooms to a better efficient assembly lines who produced
what was needed at a certain time. The Kanban system is one of the most used methods that the Japanese found during the
1950's during a trip to United States in a super market.
Kanban Systems
Lean manufacturing originated long before Toyota and Ford, however the thought that it originated with Toyota is flattering
since they are the ones who perfected it. By creating the Toyota Production System (TPS), Toyota found a better way to
produce large quantities of product efficiently with eliminating the waste factor and while cutting down cost. Taiichi Ohno a
former Toyota vice president promoted the idea of JIT (Just–in–Time) which means "producing the necessary units in the
necessary quantities at the necessary time." (Monden) Which leads to Toyota's ultimate goal in the TPS is to improve
productivity for better return in investment. To have continuous flow in a production system Toyota sought out to achieve
the concept of JIT and autonomation . Since the TPS is what creates the parts who monitors the JIT system? The kanban
system which is an informational system that controls quantities being produce in each process. As the discussion carries on
throughout this paper about Toyota and their use of the kanban system the topic

The Eyes of the Skin Analysis
The Eyes of the Skin of Architecture
Juhani Pallasmaa
This book was written by Juhani Pallasmaa with regard to 'Polemics', on issues that were part of the architecture discourse of
the time, i.e. 1995. It is also an extending of ideas expressed in an essay entitled "Architecture of the seven senses" published
in 1994.
As suggested by the title, this piece of literature attempts to highlight the importance of sensory experience in architecture. It
is indeed a response to what the author terms as 'ocularcentrism' of Modern Architecture. Ocularcentrism is the act of
prioritizing visual stimuli to all other sensory stimuli available to a human perception. He quotes famous German poet,
Goethe, in his defense, "the hands want to see, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He emphasises on the presence of and an enveloping satisfaction through multi stimuli in nature; giving an example of a trek
through a forest, and the feeling of being within the space of a clearing invoked by peripheral vision, complete with the
crunching of leaves under the feet and sap smell that surrounds us through the trek.
Building on this starting point Pallasmaa speaks of the importance of the shadow in creating light. He suggests that it is the
nuances of shadows and the dimly lit which actually tickle the senses, and that Modern Architecture seems to lack this
appreciation of the shadow.
Arguing systematically he takes the reader through all the senses in question; namely, hearing, smell, touch and taste. For
each sense he quotes an example from nature, thus describing how it is an acknowledgement of all senses that completes a
space. He talks of registering the speed of wind through hearing and detecting the temperature of the same through touch.
Furthermore, he links smell with memory and adds that smell is by far one of the strongest mediums that add to the memory
of an experience. He then brings into his argument the presence of man by discussing, time and the sense of proportion – as
man is designed to perceive in comparison to his self – and action where man measures through moving within a space.
In conclusion, Pallasmaa discusses the importance of these senses in the design process. He talks of the distance created

Understanding Cultural Discourse Of Logic And Emotion
Emotions Versus Logic
Maybe the most sure way to understand cultural discourse of logic and emotions cultures. The contrast in the middle of logic
and emotion cultures relies on upon the amount of importance is found in the context versus in the code. Emotions cultures,
for example, the American society, have a tendency to place additionally significance in the dialect code and almost no
importance in the context. Hence, correspondence has a tendency to be particular, unequivocal, and scientific (Hofstede &
Geert H, 1997).
In logic cultures, significance is implanted more in the context as opposed to the code. As Hall states, "a large portion of the
data is either in the physical context or disguised in the individual, while next to no ... Show more content on
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In low context cultures, the weight seems to fall on the speaker to precisely and completely pass on the importance in her
talked or composed message. For a more broad exchange of intercultural contrasts in the middle of high and low context
cultures (Cohen, 1997).
Arabs prefer subjectivity over objectivity.
The inquiry is who would we be able to trust to come clean about Islam? The answer you will get by passing by conversing
with Muslims has the point of preference that on the off chance that you pick the right nation and the privilege Muslim, you
will get the "right" reply. Be that as it may, in the event that you ask the "wrong" Muslim (typically called a fanatic or radical
Muslim) you will get the answer you won 't care for. Is Saudi Arabia or Turkey the right nation to go to? Is a Wahabbi imam
or an Islamist researcher of Islam the perfect individual to inquire? Subjective Islam is a surveying issue. Who you ask
decides the answer you get. Theological rationalists for Islam ask the "master" who gives them the answer they need Islam is
sublime (Hall, 1982).
Target truth: in the event that it is in the Koran, Sira and Hadith, it is Islam. Islam is Allah and Mohammed, no special cases.
So skip asking a Muslim, heading off to a Muslim nation or asking a teacher. For target answers, ask Mohammed and Allah.
As such, read the Koran, Sira and Hadith. The issue is that nobody

Italian Culture Vs American Culture Research Paper
Student's Name
Professor's Name
Subject
06 October 2016
American vs. Italian culture: worlds apart
By definition, culture is a combination of collectively shared traits, values and traditions that distinguish one human group
from another (Hofstede, 1991). Thus culture is in essence that 'heart and spirit' that makes each country and its people unique
and different. And in that sense, America and Italy are literally at the opposite sides of nearly every aspect of culture. Being
an Italian American, I have grown in a family where these two opposites meet and blend together. Albeit the differences of
these two cultures are nearly innumerable, the most commonly recognized and distinct ones lay in the areas of family
relations, eating habits and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hall (1983, pp.42–54): monochronic (US) vs. polychronic (Italy). That means that in the States the whole life is fitted into a
rigid schedule and time itself is a precious commodity. Conversely, as a polychronic nation, Italians "are more concerned
with the people and the present moment than the schedules" (Hall, p. 42) and perceive time as something flexible – like a
flowing river. As a result, Italians enjoy a much slower pace of life than Americans. For example, nearly every food &
beverage business in the US has 'to go' options, whereas in Italy it is not common since people tend to enjoy their meals
slowly, without haste. Consequently, the Italians tend to be more relaxed and laid back about nearly everything: what is not
done now, will be done later. Eventually. Sooner, or later – no stress there.
This list of differences between American and Italian cultures could go on and on, even though the globalization through the
new technologies has driven countries and cultures closer together than ever before. But still, US and Italy present nearly
opposite perspectives on the core values and behavior patterns in life: Italy being more conservative and tradition–oriented
in family relations, eating habits and general pace of life, while US valuing independence and efficiency above

Stella Ting-Toomey: Understanding Culture, Communication,...
Part A)
When trying to understand the quotes from Edward T. Hall and Stella Ting–Toomey it is essential to understand culture,
communication and language as they are coherent.
Firstly, culture is defined as a system of patterns of traditions, beliefs, values norms, meanings, and symbols that are shared
by interacting members of a community (Ting–Toomey, C. Chung, 2012:16). In addition, Edward T. Hall writes that "[...]
any culture is primarily a system for creating, sending, storing, and processing information" (Hall, 1998:53). However, these
values, norms etc. cannot be shared or understood by others if the communication is not effective. Therefore, the quote from
Edward Hall "Culture is communication and communication is culture" (Hall, 1959: 169), states that the meaning of the
words culture and communication cannot be perceived or work in practice without each other. ... Show more content on
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Chung, 2012:112–113). For instance, through Stella Ting–Toomey's quote "Language can imprison us, but it can also set us
free. Language is a taken–for–granted aspect of our communication" (Ting–Toomey, 1999, p. 84), we can understand that if
we cannot decode the denotative meaning of the words and apply the message to the cultural context which the encoder
wants to communicate the meaning of, the message may be understood in a completely different way than intended (Ting–
Toomey, C. Chung, 2012, p. 114). Thereby, we can either misunderstand or be misunderstood if we do not see language as
an important aspect of

The Effects Of Tactile Communication On The Human Resource...
One type of nonverbal communication is haptics. Haptics refers to the study of communication by touch (Anonymous,
2012). According to Anonymous, 2012, "touch is necessary for human social development, and it can be welcoming,
threatening, or persuasive." The meaning of a simple touch differs between individuals, genders, and cultures. It is important
for the Human Resource Manager (HRM) to recognize these differences in order to improve communication and be effective
in the workplace. Tactile communication can help or hinder business and employee interactions. A firm handshake might be
interpreted as confidence or credibility while other physical touches such as lingering touch on the shoulder, might be seen
as being intimate (Anonymous, 2012). However, a pat on the shoulder or arm might help initiate interactions and show
inclusion and respect. Proper knowledge of tactile differences among employees have important implications on how
interactions unfold and relationships established.
The implications of tactile communication or touch is important to know not only as a HRM but as an employee working in
a diverse workplace.
Since we communicate a great deal through touch, there are benefits by being knowledgeable about this type of nonverbal
communication and the differences among various ethnic groups. Benefits for the HRM as well as managers include respect,
trust, an effective communicator, and better employee relationships. Additionally, understanding haptics enables

Flashback : ' At Last '
Flashback:–
'At last,' I thought, glad that school was over for the day. I ran from the playground, faster than a cheetah, crossed the
playing field, fled down the brick stairs and leapt into the road. Suddenly, what would usually be a great sight was driving
right into me. BAM! Everything went black.
The ice cream van had hit the school bully who just happened to be the best U12 British cross–country runner.
Page One:–
Now that I 've got your attention, here's where the story starts... Once, there was a child called Norbert, but, for some reason,
he just never fitted in. Was it his big blue eyes? His small crooked nose? Was his big friendly smile just a little too friendly?
Page Two:–
No, the answer was this: he was a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They swarmed around him rapidly.
Page Eight:–
"Oi! Monster–face! How'd they let someone as ugly as you into school?" snarled Jimmy Scott, playing to his audience. The
gang of children laughed and pointed at the unwelcome monster.
At once, Norbert – the big monster – felt small, very small. He wished silently that he was invisible as he cowered away,
trying to hide his face as his eyes welled up and then, giant tears slowly trickled down his gnarled cheeks.
Without a pause for thought, he concluded that he had one option – RUN! The floor shook as he thudded away, each step
like a bomb crashing in a war zone.
Page Nine:–
Edward found him some time later when he was checking on his bike. Norbert was curled up in the corner of the bike shed
sobbing great, wet tears. He had been sobbing so hard, a moat of salty water had developed around him.
Page Ten:–
Edward sympathised. He remembered the time he had been bullied. He starts to talk to Norbert. "It's alright, Norbert," he
said, trying desperately to comfort him, "I was once picked on, because of my Geordie accent. They used to try to imitate my
accent. They would chant: 'Gan doon toon, gan doon toon, geordie boy'."
Page Eleven:–
"This made me feel alone, with nobody to talk to. I felt left out. It made me feel sad, very sad and lonely. I hated school. I
never wanted to go. I wanted to go home, back to Newcastle. That's where my old friends are, they all

Crisis Chapter Summary
1. How is the work of Edward T. Hall important in understanding more about people who may be in a crisis? Often when
people respond to a crisis they have good intentions but their actions might be misconstrued. Mr. Hall's first two examples
are those actions taken by others that were viewed as other than what message they were intended to convey. The third
example was a lesson in personal space and how culturally the distance varies between people. All the examples in the book
were misunderstands experienced by two people of different cultures. Mr. Hall was indicating that one must be aware of
body language when communicating with others, it is also helpful to learn about different cultures before going to or dealing
with others in or from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Give an example to show how a person who is assisting another can form a nexis with a person in crisis? Why is forming a
nexus important? A nexis can be formed when someone can relate to a situation or feelings created by a crisis due to having
experienced a similar situation. Someone may have just lost a job due to family problems, this loss of income and potential
emotional stress may cause depression, fatigue and financial hardship. A friend or other family member can provide the
nexis of having experienced the same hardship and may be able to provide encouragement, assist with either helping the
person that has lost a job search for employment or provide assistance in coping with the ill family member. Forming a nexis
with a person in crisis helps form or build upon rapport. 3. How can a person who is helping another build rapport with a
person in need of assistance? Why is this important? The person giving assistance should listen to the other person's
problems and allow them an opportunity to come to grips with their situation. Common ground needs to be established
between the two parties. Building rapport can be facilitated by showing empathy and understanding of the individuals plight.
It is important because without rapport you may never discover what is really bothering the other person. Without having
established rapport, the other person will be less likely to take any

Geert Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture
Geert Hofstede 's Dimensions of Culture an d Edward T. Hall 's Time Orientations Hofstede 's "dimensions of culture" were
derived mainly from his extensive organizational anthropology research in the late 1970s and early 1980s – the scores are
general comparisons of values in the countries and regions he studied and can vary greatly within each country. Although
Hofstede 's work is somewhat dated and has rightly been criticized on a number of grounds the dimens ions are useful in
unders tanding that members of various societies are likely to behave in different ways in a given s ituation. Power Distance
Index (PDI) is defined as "the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
57 58 74 57 Denmark 18 74 23 16 Ecuador 78 8 67 63 East Afric a 64 27 52 41 El Salvador 66 19 94 40 Ethiopia 64 27 52
41 Finland 33 63 59 26 France 68 71 86 43 Germany 35 67 65 66 31 Great Britain 35 89 35 66 25 Greece 60 35 112 57
Guatemala 95 6 101 37 Hong Kong 68 25 29 57 Hungary 46 55 82 88 India 77 48 40 56 Indonesia 78 14 48 46 Iran 58 41
59 43 Ireland 28 70 35 68 Israel 13 54 81 47 Italy 50 76 75 70 Intercultural Organizational Development – Tamas
Consultants Inc. 118 25 25 96 61 2 Country Power Distance Individualis m Uncertainty Avoidanc e Masculinity Jamaic a
45 Japan Long term Orientation 39 13 68 54 46 92 95 Malays ia 104 26 36 50 Mexico 81 30 82 69 Netherlands 38 80 53 14
44 New Zealand 22 79 49 58 30 Norway 31 69 50 8 20 Pakistan 55 14 70 50 0 Panama 95 11 86 44 Peru

Genuine Teen Love
There are many things in this world that don 't seem believable. One of them, is the number of cynical people who don 't
believe in something that is so precious, but also crucial in * survival, the inner core to the circle of life. Love! Especially
teen love, or some people may know it as, love at first sight. Love is everywhere. Love is all around *. Love occurs every
moment each day. Everywhere * in movies, in books, there is love. Love is always there, hidden beneath the words * read
and the footage * seen. Love, especially teen love should be considered the most genuine type of love out there, not some
profoundly tender, passionate affection to be abused * or ignored. Take the time to think of it – love starts when people are at
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* By abandoning our family and friends, and detaching ourself from everyone who loves us to be with the one in our heart it
completely becomes worthwhile in the end. Eventually, our main priority will be giving up life for them and be infinitely in
love within two months. Teen love, is definitely the most crucial type of love out there. Then there is the only work of
Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, that should be mostly read in class. It is the greatest love story of all time. Love at first sight,
losing * virginity at the age of 12 or 13, and dying for each other. Obviously the most romantic love story for young kids to
read, especially for teens. * Who cares about the values of life and the respect * one has for themselves * unless it 's your
boyfriend who spends two whole months giving you the attention you need. Coincidence that the affection of Romeo and
Juliet, and Bella and Edward have for each other began when they were teenagers? This goes to show how teen love is the
most genuine, most true, and pure of any kind of love out there. Also in class, let 's just watch old animated Disney movies,
like Cinderella. She fell in love with a man after one romantic night of dancing and music, and then was betrothed to him the
very next day. This man just happened to be Prince Charming. Coincidence? Prince Charming and Cinderella were devoted
to each other by first sight and were teenagers already planning to be hitched and married. This is a perfect example of teen

Carrie Clarkson Invincible Song Meaning
Thank you for purchasing My Comp I album. The following songs contain special meaning, so I was able to relate each of
them to an essay I wrote during my Comp I class. Music has always been a passion of mine, so relating my essays to a few
of my favorite songs seemed like the obvious choice. These various songs mesh together and form my Comp I album. So put
the cd in, and let's get listening! Track one: "Invincible" by Kelly Clarkson. There are several lyrics embedded in this song
which can be related to the My Passion essay. Music is my biggest passion. After learning to play instruments, I began
singing with a private voice instructor. If no one would have pushed me towards this, I would have never gained the courage
to sing in front of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout this song, Perry sings about the process she had to go through once she realized her marriage was failing. In the
beginning of the song Perry sings, "I was in the dark, I was falling hard with an open heart. How did I read the stars so
wrong". As the song plays on she starts to say, "Now it's clear to me. That everything you see ain't always what it seems. I
was dreaming for so long". Even later she starts to sing about her realization, and the process it took to get her there. I
decided to compare this song to the Process Analysis paper because they both discuss going through some process. My paper
was about the process of creating a successful speech by keeping calm, memorizing, and adding emotion. Even though these
processes are completely different, they still are comparable because they show growth and improvement within their

Causes And Disadvantages Of Intercultural Communication
It may seem that communication is not a complicated process because people communicate everyday and it is nothing
special for them. Communication is a process divided into verbal and nonverbal communication which are included in every
kind of communication in intercultural as well. That is why while speaking about intercultural communication people meet
with problems and obstacles. It comes usually from problems with transmissing the messages. People from the same culture
have same values, behaviours, beliefs and language so when person who receive the message interprate it, that message is
likely similar to the idea of what the person who sent it mean. However, if the reciver or sender is a person from a different
culture who has different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Angela K. Y. Leung (2011) singles out two obstacles in the intercultural communication which are the most major and
common among people. First of them is an obstacle called Person–Level Obstacle. It describes that there are two types of
people. There are people who has no problem while communication with people from other culture and they are curious
about them and have no problems with communication however, the group of people who has problems while having a
contact with people with other values, beliefs and from other culture is bigger. Those people often feel distressed and
anxious. Some of people may even experience a cultural shock when it comes to the meeting (A. K. Y Leung, 2011), (p.
245). It happens because both of them possesses different beliefs, values, behaviours and even gestures. Another obstacle is
close–mindedness. According to Leung (2011), "People who are open to experience have a predisposition to learn from new
cultural experiences and engage in intercultural interactions". Those people are curious about people from different culture,
they would like to know it, but there are also people "with low levels of openness" and they "may find encountering foreign
cultures to be overwhelming, shocking and even threathening" (A.

Japanese Business Norms And Customs, Culture, And...
As one may know, cultural aspects differ between a myriad of countries. In particular, Japan is a traditional yet historical
society that is worlds apart from the familiar United States. Specifically, Geert Hofstede and Edward T. Hall conducted a
study based on cultural influences in relation to the workplace as well as characteristics of a high context society. However,
it is vital to recognize Japan's business norms and customs, culture, and etiquette before one's journey begins.
Japanese Business Norms and Customs:
Geert Hofstede studied that Japanese business culture has much influence from the power distance aspect. This element
deals with the equality of the Japanese from a hierarchy standpoint. Japanese society has a somewhat ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The business aspect is taken very seriously in Japan. A few tips within the business world are provided.
If one needs to schedule an appointment, it is important to give several weeks notice by communicating by telephone.
One should be prepared to meet with a group of professionals for fellow opinions.
Create quality business cards. They are exchanged very frequently within the business culture. When received, one must
study and read the card thoroughly.
Japanese Culture:
Culture in Japan is so pristine that it cannot be compared to American society. Most of the Japanese practice one of two
religions, Shinto and Buddhist, whereas in the United States, hundreds of religions are practiced. The linguistic aspect of
Japan is spoken so beautifully that rarely does one hear the language being broken. There are several values within Japanese
culture, yet harmony is their main fortune. This thinking has guided all civilization to work as one instead of focusing on a
single individual. The Japanese are aware of the age and status on fellow citizens to show respect. It is believed that
everyone must value those who are older with a higher status.
Japanese Etiquette:
The Japanese are known for being extremely polite and refined. If one is not familiar with Japanese foreign etiquette, one
could reflect as being offensive. When meeting a Japanese civilian, most would think to shake hands. However, it is known
that one does not shake hands but bows. The

The Importance Of Collectivism In Japanese Culture
Collectivism also affects how the Japanese make decisions within their companies. "Unlike their counterparts in Western
business organizations, Japanese executives and managers are not real independent decision makers" (Samovar 268). While
Western businesses usually adopt a top–to–bottom approach to decision making, Japanese businesses operate under a more
democratic approach. Japanese CEOs rarely make decisions on their own for fear of backlash from the overall group. Rather,
they adopt what is called a "ringi style of decision making" that promotes "harmony, cooperation, and consensus" within the
organization (Samovar 267). Before any major decisions are made, the CEO confirms that all members of the group have
reached an agreement. In The Silent Language, Edward Hall claims that "what people do is frequently more important then
what they say" (Hall Silent Language 2). Furthermore, "non–verbal communication research shows that over 70% of
interpersonal interaction happens non–verbally" (LaCour 66). Words convey what a person wants you to think, but a
person's actions express what they are actually feeling. Thus, it should come as no surprise that perhaps the most important
aspect of effective communication within Japanese culture is non–verbal communication. Within the theme of non–verbal
communication in Japan comes the subject of high–contextuality. While Americans emphasize directness and clarity in
communication, the Japanese typically rely on communicating with vague

Edward T. Hall's Four Spatial Zones
Anthropologist Edward T. Hall has defined four spatial zones that we use depending upon the content that we are
communicating and the level of self–disclosure. Hall's four spatial zones begin with what he calls intimate space, skin
contact to 18 inches away, this is the space that we use for intimate conversations, secrets, and deeper levels of self–
disclosure. The second of Hall's spatial zones is personal space, 18 inches to 4 feet away, this spatial zone is used to
communicate personal information, but is less intimate than that of intimate space. The third of Hall's spatial zones is social
space, 4 to 12 feet away, in this spatial zone occurs more formal and impersonal communication. The fourth of Hall's spatial
zones is public space, 12 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family and friends know when you're behaving out of the ordinary, and because they know you at a deeper level they feel
they can tell you to stop a certain behavior without hurting your feelings. Strangers, on the other hand only know you at
superficial level and don't feel comfortable correcting your behavior, strangers don't know how you typically behave and
probably think that you go around making people feel uncomfortable all the time. I also learned that it not just invading
people's physical space that leaves them feeling uneasy, but violating spatial zones by discussing content that is
inappropriate for certain zones. When you discuss content that is only appropriate for intimate spatial zones so that it can be
heard in a public spatial zone it makes people feeling very uncomfortable. Like arguing in public or talking to loud at a
restaurant about personal

The Multinational Company ( Mnc )
A Multinational Company (MNC) is "an enterprise which owns and controls activities in different countries" (Buckley and
Casson, 1991, p.1). According to Buckley and Casson (1991), MNCs have very high labour productivity, which creates very
high profits. They are among the most rapidly growing businesses in the world. They even argue that MNCs might have a
greater impact on world affairs than the government institutions of the countries where they trade. Even with all of this in
mind, they can still be subject to limitations. In the end, MNCs have to consider that they are operating in a different
environment, which may have different legal and political systems, institutions, and culture (Edwards and Rees, 2006). This
is also known as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This institutional context is especially relevant for MNCs designing HRM policies that will be transferred to a different
country of operation. This essay will discuss how institutional context influences the decisions that an MNC makes when
establishing HRM policies, specifically examining those relating to training, reward, and resourcing.
Before studying the impacts of the institutional context in the specified HRM policies, it is important to mention that within
the field of HR, the policies of the parent company will influence those of its foreign offshoots. This means "there is some
implementation of home country practices in foreign subsidiaries particularly in relation to work organization ... there will
be a distinctive parent company approach when it comes to human resource management" (Edwards and Rees, 2006, p. 72).
At the same time the HR policies established by MNCs need to be in line with the business needs in order to achieve
competitive advantage, but must also be flexible enough to enable their relocation (Schuler et al. 1993). Moreover, what the
MNC may want in order to achieve a competitive advantage might clash with the political aims of its host country, creating
conflict as a result of their divergent priorities (Edwards and Rees, 2006, p. 79). Furthermore, some HRM cannot be
transferred at all due to legal, institutional or cultural constraints making the MNC look

Sebastian Bach During The Baroque Period
On November 13, 2015 Dr. David Earll of the University of Wisconsin Platteville faculty performed a Tuba and Euphonium
Recital. The program for the recital included various 20th century works and their composers along with pieces from
Antonio Capuzzi from the classical era and Sebastian Bach during the Baroque Era, whom was discussed in class. Works
that were played include: "T. Rex for Tuba and Piano" by Mark Schultz, "My Mountain Top for Tuba and Tape" by Andy
Scott, "Double–Bass Concerto (adapted for Euphonium)" by Antonio Capuzzi, "Alarum" by Edward Gregson, "Silhouette
for Tuba and Piano" by John Harmon, and "Flute Sonata in Eb Major" by Johann Sebastian Bach. My favorite piece was "T.
Rex" by Mark Schultz. I believe that brass instruments

Ax Handle Saturday Summary
Rodney L. Hurst Sr. is a civil rights activist and the author of the award winning book; It was never about a hot dog and a
Coke®! A personal account of the 1960 sit–in demonstrations in Jacksonville, Florida and Ax Handle Saturday. Hurst, a
native of Jacksonville, Florida recounts with clarity the bloody events of August 27, 1960 when 200 whites with ax handles
and baseball bats attacked members of the Jacksonville, Florida Youth Council NAACP sitting in at white lunch counters.
The press calls that day Ax Handle Saturday. It was never about a hot dog and a Coke®! is the winner of more than a dozen
awards, including the USA Book News Book First Place Gold Medal Award for Multicultural Nonfiction, and the Florida
Book Awards Bronze ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1961, after several months of somewhat acrimonious meetings between the NAACP and White political and business
leaders, Hurst and Marjorie Meeks, the Secretary to the Youth Council NAACP both then freshmen at EWC, would become
the first Blacks to officially integrate Jacksonville's downtown heretofore White lunch counters. Hurst speaks extensively on
Civil Rights, Black History, and Racism. He was the featured speaker at the City of Jacksonville's 23rd Annual Martin
Luther King Breakfast, the 2013 Nassau County Annual Martin Luther King Breakfast, and the Brevard County NAACP
Branch Freedom Fund Dinner. He was also the featured Speaker at the 2013 Induction Ceremony of the Florida Civil Rights
Hall of Fame. He speaks at college and university campuses throughout the country. Hurst is the recipient of numerous
recognitions and awards including The James S. Genwright, Sr. Humanitarian Award given by the Lincoln Douglas
Memorial Emancipation Proclamation Association, Inc., the Clanzel T. Brown Award given by the Jacksonville Urban
League, the Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Visionary Award given

Cross-Cultural Work Environments
Naeja Silar
January 14, 2012
Leadership and Organizational Behavior
Unit 1 Assignment
Organizational Theory: Cross–Cultural Work Environments
I will be researching a theory on the analysis of cross–cultural management style and structure. In researching this theory, it
will help managers in a multinational company, or work environment, interact with employees of a diverse background. In
understanding, and getting a better idea of how cultures interact in workplace environments, the manager can be more
productive and avoid various types of confrontations that may ultimately hurt productivity.
Analyzing the management styles and cultures of the world will enable managers to understand the ideas of different
cultures. By ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The economic development approach to comparative management research is one of the early methods used for cross–
cultural management study. It is found that managerial input plays an important role in achieving economic development,
this approach focuses on the basic trends of managerial development, rather than the analysis of organizational practices.
(Negandhi, 1983)
The role of culture is said to be the most accurate approach to exploring and comparing management and organizational
styles. One of the most basic issues in cross–cultural management research is to determine what extent culture impacts an
individual's behavior within the workplace. Various cultures emphasize dimensions differently, and these are demonstrated
in contrastive managerial behaviors. Identifying the four aspects of culture that have specific implications for the workplace
is a very important task, and these implications include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and
masculinity. An example of each are as follows, power distance, leadership can be looked at as informal and loose, this is
due to the fact that employees do not see their superiors as that far ahead of them on the social scale. Uncertainty avoidance
measures the extent to which people in a organization tend to feel threatened by uncertain, ambiguous, risky, or

Hockey Is The Root Of The Racism
Hockey fans are the root of the racism in hockey. For many decades Canadians have known hockey as being their national
sport. There are black Canadians, Asian Canadians, and Aboriginal Canadians. What are the differences between those
Canadians citizens but the pigment of their skin? There is racism in hockey it is just not as clear as other forms of racism.
Canada is so welcoming and is a very diverse counrty. Hockey fans are so cruel and reluctant for change in their world. The
focus of this paper is on the lack of diversity in hockey. What will be examined is the "differences" between black and white
people, society 's perception on hockey, Canada 's history with the sport and diversity. The overall question is: is it the sport
or is it the people? Some people may argue that Canada is one of the most multicultural countries in the world especially in
sports, but how deeply do Canadians embrace this diversity? Racism in sports occurs because of both individual and team
sports. This is main cause of the reported incidents in the media. It is not the sport itself that induces racism it is the
organizers and players that bring racism into sports. However, without the involvement of people/society there would be no
sport at all. Therefore, it is very important that we make people more aware that there needs to be a notion of fair play
(telegraph). Hockey fans are protectionists by nature. "We have to defend our game against any ill perception toward it.",
said local hockey

Cultural Dimensions : A Comprehensive Study On How Culture...
Cultural Dimensions – Geert Hofstede Geert Hofstede conducted a comprehensive study on how culture influences values at
workplace. "Geert Hofstede 's research gives us insights into other cultures so that we can be more effective when interacting
with people in other countries. If understood and applied properly, this information should reduce your level of frustration,
anxiety, and concern. But most important, Geert Hofstede will give you the 'edge of understanding ' which translates to more
successful results." (Hofstede G. , http://www.geert–hofstede.com, 2001) Below are the five cultural dimensions examined
by Hofstede: Power distance (PDI), which has to do with the acceptance of a hierarchical or unequal power structure. ...
He states that culture can be divided into high–context or low–context culture. In high context culture there is very less and
effective communication. Most of the things are left unsaid as people understand through very few spoken words.
Communication is faster and easier where else it lower context cultures words and choice of words to be spoken are
carefully selected. In high context cultures rules are unwritten and mostly understood. People read between lines during a
conversation. For e.g. French contracts are shorter than American contracts. France has high–context culture and America
has low–context culture. High–context culture have inner locus of control and accept personally accept failure. They have
stronger bonds with family and groups. Classification on inner & outer group is easily seen. Relationships are more
important and valued. They are more important than any task. Time is open and flexible. In low–context culture its exactly
the opposite. High–context cultures are said to be deeper rooted and put their emphasis on context, indirectness, flexibility,
relationship/feelings, circumstances, appearance, and they seem to follow a polychronic time perspective. Individuals are not
lazy, they believe in

Austranese And Japanese Cultural Differences
This essay aims to provide more information in regards to the differences between the Australian and Japanese cultures, as
well as fundamental insights into Japanese business etiquette and highlight important steps for effective communication
when making business in a foreign country. As the Australian entrepreneur and owner of 'The Aromatic Condiment Shop'
Emily is looking to expand her business deals in Japan it is paramount to make a favourable first impression and understand
key points to better navigate cultural differences and grow her business.
Cultural differences according to Adler "involves the integrated and maintained system of socially acquired values, beliefs,
and rules of conduct which impact the range of accepted behaviors distinguishable from one societal group to another".
(Adler, N. J. (1997). International dimensions of organizational behavior (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Shout–Western College
Publishing)
Cross–cultural communication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures speak, communicate, and
perceive the world around them. This type of communication has become fundamental to companies as well as
entrepreneurs looking to grow their business, in addition to being fundamental as the workplace has become more diverse. In
this line is important to highligh the concept of high– and low–context culture.
According to Edward T. Hall: A high–context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is
either in the

Spencer Pote's Major Accomplishments
"It's a joke about the letters in DNA; like, it's A, C, T and G, and they made every CAT into a cat head." The first thing you
notice in Spencer Pote's office is the giant fluorescent–colored poster on his desk; it contrasts heavily with the dark brown of
the wood and the grays of the carpet and cabinets. "I'm a big fan of cats. I've had them since I was a baby, and I'm going to
have them until I die." If someone didn't know who Spencer Pote was, they would probably assume he was a quirky high
school teacher. However, with a quick scan of the wall it becomes evident Pote is different; a PhD from University of
Chicago in Human Genetics cozies up to a picture of Pote's husband, which rests right above a photo of Pote being awarded
the Edward ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Genéticus, a non–profit organization founded by Pote, has now reached it's one–million landmark of treatments over five
locations near the U.S.–Mexico border. With Genéticus, Pote has pioneered the way gene therapy works in the modern
world, setting precedents of altruism and accessibility through his non–profit organization. All information that Genéticus
distributes is bilingual, and there is no fee for an initial consultation with a geneticist. The main goal of Genéticus is to
remove the risk of devastating genetic diseases in the embryo of Hispanic children through genetic engineering. However,
the biggest achievement that Pote himself created was his work in epigenetics and the demethylation of genes in embryos.
During intensely stressful times, the levels of cortisol will increase within an individual. When this occurs, methyl groups
simultaneously accumulate on the genes responsible for the cortisol production, making it easier for RNA transcribe the gene
by loosening the DNA's coil. If these individuals have children, the amount of methyl groups on the genome will be carried
over to the next generation, increasing the risk of them having anxiety and mood

Communication Is A Multi Channel Process
I See What You Say
In the academic paper "Communication Group Structure and Process", Ray L. Birdwhistell states that "communication is a
multi–channel process." This implies that the auditory channel process is only part of the deal. Indeed, the importance of the
various non–verbal channels is pointed out in Birdwhistell's belief that "probably no more than 30 to 35% of the social
meaning of a conversation or an interaction is carried by words." A few years earlier, in 1959, Edward T. Hall coined the
term "the silent language" to describe nonverbal communication and direct significant attention toward the subject. The
purpose of this paper is to examine the various types of nonverbal communication being displayed in the silent classic ...
It will be established that although arbitrary, ambiguous and abstract, nonverbal communication possesses undeniable
importance and proves advantageous to those who know it (Scroggin).
Physical appearance
Physical appearance – hair, make–up, and clothing – comes to create a meaningful whole (Scroggin). Large–framed,
muscular Burrows dresses up in a hat, vest and pants to exaggerate his masculine prowess to an extreme and represent the
aggressive macho. By contrast, gentle Cheng Huan seems in various ways feminine. His robe is elaborate and shapeless, the
body underneath appears androgynous in form. Frail Lucy wears a dress to highlight her function as both housekeeper and
daughter. Her hair is untidy, presumably a byproduct of her constant chores; she has no time to care for her physical looks.
Proxemics
Hall, in The Silent Language, uses the term proxemics to stand for the way people communicate by their use of space in
relation to other people and the structuring and of their territory. Hall identifies four distances that distinguish the kinds of
interactions people have and the relationships they share during them: intimate distance (up to 18 inches), personal distance
(18 inches to 4 feet), social–consultative distance (4 to 12 feet) and public distance (above 12 feet). The need for physical
space differs depending on the culture, situation, and intimacy of the relationship, and communicates nonverbal messages as
signs of

Leader and Managing the Changes in Health Care
Leader and Manager Healthcare is constantly changing and advancing, which requires nurses to possess complex leadership
skills that can be utilized to accomplish the most successful outcome possible for each individual patient (Titzer, Phillips,
Tooley, Hall, & Shirey, 2013). Managing these fundamental challenges necessitates the ability to acquire knowledgeable
research and implement it into a strategic plan of care for individuals and/or communities (Titzer et al., 2013). In this paper I
will explain why I chose the leader and manager role, and I will examine the challenges and opportunities faced with this
role. I will also discuss the theories related to this role, and I will review the competences and experience that must be
achieved for this role. Leader and Manager Role I personally chose the leader and manager role due to the fact that I have
the desire and ability to empower individuals and communities to achieve the highest goals possible. As a new nurse, I
experienced the negative attitudes of nurses that seemed to be stagnant in their roles. I witnessed the day to day care that was
delivered to the patients without the incentive to go above and beyond to make a difference. However, my next job exposed
me to a team of nurses that collaborated and strived to make a difference in the lives of their patients on a daily basis. Being
exposed to a caring environment with positive attitudes made me realize what my role in nursing should be. Challenges and
Opportunities

Essay on The Innovators of American Literature
The Innovators of American Literature
From their critical assessments on how to improve themselves and to the American public that they influenced by their
writings, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin illustrate American themes in their personal narratives that
quintessentially make part of American Literature. Although they lived in different times during the early development of the
United States of America and wrote for different purposes, they share common themes. Their influence by their
environment, individualism, proposals for a better society, and events that affected their society generate from their writings.
By analyzing Jonathan Edwards' "Personal Narrative," "Resolutions," "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Benjamin Franklin did not hold his family beliefs of Christianity, but from his early environment, he drew his relationship to
God as a Deist. Franklin believed there is a Supreme Being and it is our job to discover our own reality by reasoning. In his
autobiography, he notes several epiphanies that changed his lifestyle. For example, he regretted his leaving Miss Read for
England without pursuing their relationship further. He calls these regrets or wrongdoings "Erratum" (Lauter 788). The
spirituality of Franklin and Edwards is distinctive, and their writings reflect their experiences and growth of improvement.
Franklin as a Deist felt that he created his destiny by the decisions he made. His autobiography illustrates his faults and
accomplishments. This openness aims to the audience, the American, in order for them to reevaluate themselves and
improve from their weaknesses. Franklin wanted Americans to become better Americans. With Edwards' beliefs, he felt that
god predestined every man, and only the "elect" entered in the afterlife to heaven. He focuses his writing to the Christian
audience. His goal is to prepare them to become candidates to be "elect" and show how the "elect" can set an example for
the rest of the congregation. These men felt the responsibility to live a better life and set the example for every man in their
community. As individuals, they constantly contemplate and self–evaluate there

Edward T. Hall: A Cultural Analysis
It was about 1:55 PM and I was a bit nervous to go to Fatimah's place for lunch. I was standing around the area where she
lives, which consisted of townhouse grouped together. Finally around 2:00, I knocked on her door. A couple of seconds later,
the door opened, but no one had greeted me immediately. I peeked inside and saw a very cozy living room with a wide–
screen TV playing Chicka–Chicka Boom Boom short clips and toys stacked in the corner. Fatimah immediately came
around and welcomed me inside. I asked her where I should take off my shoes and she told me to put them off to the side
inside the house. I looked over to my right and her two children were sitting next to each other on the right side of the couch
and were staring at me with big, round eyes. Fatimah had told me to sit down on the couch and told me the food was almost
ready. I took off my jacket and I offered to help, but she said her husband was almost done cooking. When Fatimah went
towards her husband I slowly turned towards her children; the little girl was back playing on her iPad and the little boy was
still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Edward T. Hall has described two separate cultures involving time: monochronic and polychronic culture. People living in a
monochronic culture view time as limited and very valuable. The term "time is money" is often used to express a
monochronic culture where people are more bound to the clock. Often, monochronic cultures are embraced in urban
environments, such as New York City or Chicago. On the other hand, people in a polychronic culture view time as an
unlimited resource so they are more focused on working on tasks "at your own pace". The primary concern would be the
relationship because time is not a scarce resource but it is a source that is always there. Usually, rural environments adapt to
polychronic cultures but popular places such as Hawaii or Sao Paulo also are expressed as a polychronic

Clocking Cultures By Carol Ezzell Analysis
A science writer by the name of Carol Ezzell is the author of the article called " Clocking Cultures. Since as the early 1990s,
Ezzell works as a writer and editor at Scientific American, a popular American science magazine that focuses on mainly on
biology and technology. Ezzell also work at science related organizations like Science News, Bio/World and Nature. Ezzell
have received an award for her journalism within the field of science by the National Association of Science Writers and the
Pan American Health Organization. In the year of 2000, Ezzell won a Science In Society Journalism award for her article
"Care for a Dying Continent." The article was about how AIDS has affected the women and girls in Zimbabwe. Originally,
the article was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
" Social scientists have recorded wide differences in the pace of life in various countries and in how societies view–time
whenever as an arrow piercing the future or as a revolving wheel in which past, present, and future cycle endlessly" (165).
This is how cultures can view time differently than other cultures. In result, cultures can have a clear perspective of how
time works and have an understanding of how time is perceived. Estell says that the study of time and society can be divided
into the "pragmatic and the cosmological" Estell supports the statement by stating a 1950s anthropologist, Edward T. Hall,
JR. Hall wrote about the rules of social time be apart a "silent language" for a culture. Hall says " The rule might not always
be made explicit, but they "exist in thin air..." " They are either familiar and comfortable or unfamiliar and wrong" (165).
This states that different cultures will have a better understanding of how time works than other people do in the world. Hall
describes how different perspectives of time can lead to misunderstanding between cultures and people. " An ambassador
who has been kept waiting for more than half an hour by foreign visitor needs to understand this if his visitor just mutters an
apology this is not necessarily an insult" (165). This is the example of the different time systems in foreign country.

Rhapsody In Blue Essay
Rhapsody In Blue
George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue is one of those timeless classics that is instantly recognizable to many people's ears
today, even ninety years after it was first introduced to the world. It is a piece that has found its way into contemporary
movies and advertisements, making it likely as recognizable as Chopin's Funeral March or Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. But
unlike these two pieces of iconic classical music, Rhapsody in Blue "resists classification."1 In it are elements of classical
music, blues and jazz, making it at once "Gershwin's most famous piece" but also "possibly his least understood
composition."2 Indeed, while Rhapsody became a popular hit in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No doubt that the jazz elements can be viewed as the popular side of the piece, with the classical elements being the serious
side.
This combination, however, would prove to be a source of controversy for critics. While few could argue against Rhapsody's
merits as a popular hit, many argued against its validity as a high art form, with even Leonard Bernstein writing for The
Atlantic in 1955:
Rhapsody in Blue is not a real composition in the sense that whatever

Communication And Culture: The History Of Communication...
History of communication and culture
The systematic study of communication is very old, and it started as the study of the most basic form of human
communication: oral communication. Right from the beginning, the art of communication and persuasion was vital to those
in power. During Antiquity, therefore, rhetoric – the study and art of eloquence – furnished in the Greek and Roman empires,
in centers of learning such as Athens, Rome, Constantinople and Alexandria. In the European university system, the rhetoric
tradition lived on through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance and the Baroque periods of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.
Culture has its root in biology. Much of our social behavior – our culture – is a product of some ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this regard, the issues about the role and the place of international communication become an integral part of life both for
the humankind in general, as well as for the individual. Though being quite turbulent, the actual process of intellectual
brainstorming was meant for intercultural communication. This span of time was of great importance for the enlargement
and progression of the field. Many intercultural theorists have refrained from analyzing cultures separately (or as compared
to cross–cultural); they have to study the interaction between two different cultures. Instead of focusing on individual
communication behaviors, they preferred to find out on how the process of communication is affected by different behaviors
(Brislin 1982; Gudykunst and Kim, 1984; Samovar et al., 1981). Emphasis was put on the term "intercultural" from the
study of what cultural differences meant in terms of intercultural interaction. Studies focusing on behaviors within one
particular culture (known as "culture–specific") had increased the importance of studying communication process across
cultures (known as

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