Terrorism Is A Growing Real World Situation

Terrorism Is A Growing Real World Situation
Terrorism is a growing real world situation which is having a deepening impact on many facets of
international business. A Gallup Survey of December 2015, that followed the terrorist attacks in
Paris and San Bernardino, California, named terrorism as the top problem confronting Americans
(Gallup.com, 2015). Annual terrorism statistics from United States (US) Department of State
(state.gov, 2015), which are required by law, show businesses were targeted 1127 times in the year
2014, the 4th highest type of target, as depicted in Table 1. Globalization of business across national
boundaries in the world economy is a reality (Hill, 2000) and the intensifying threat of terrorism on
international business is an undeveloped research area worthy of additional study with heightening
practical and academic implications.
Research Motivation
Academic and personal motivation
Terrorism Overview – Unfortunately terrorism has a long evolving history dating back to piracy on
the high seas. Terrorism in the modern era (Czinkota, Knight, Liesch & Steen, 2010) has tragically
escalated due to the resurgence of Islamic Fundamentalism over the last three decades (Hill, 2000)
and the appalling attacks on September 11, 2001. The 2014 version of the Department of State's
annual report, titled Country Reports on Terrorism provides some alarming statistics for
international business:
Terrorist attacks in 2014 increased 35% and fatalities increased 81% compared to 2013;
More than 9,400 people were
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1979: A Major Turning Point In International Terrorism
In the year of 1979 it was a major turning point in international terrorism. The disintegration of the
post– cold war states, and the cold war legacy of a world awash in advanced conventional weapons
and know– how, has assisted with the spread of terrorism worldwide. Arab–afghans have and are
using their experience to support local rebellions in North Africa, Kashmir, Chechnya, China,
Bosnia, and the Philippines. As discovered during the investigation into the 1988 bombing of Pan
Am Flight 103, Libyan intelligence officers were suspected to be involved with the Palestinian Front
for the Liberation of Palestine. The growth of a post–jihad pool of well–trained, battle hardened
militants is an important movement in current international

International Terrorism
International Terrorism –
The World's Greatest Challenge Today
Today the threat of terrorism is becoming more and more serious. Terrorism is considered the
greatest threat against the safety of the world, and especially the USA, today. The extent of the
terrorism has increased significantly over the last couple of years, since the terrorist attacks against
the US on the 11th of September 2001. After these attacks former president of the US, George Bush
declared a war against terrorism.
There are various opinions about what can be defined as terrorism. Because there are so many
situations that can be defined as terrorism, it is be very difficult to find an exact definition. Many
countries have different definitions, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two of them were flown into the two main buildings of the World Trade centre in New York. One
airplane was crashed into the Pentagon, and the last airplane crash–landed in a field in Pennsylvania.
After these attacks the USA decided to attack Afghanistan. The leader of Al–Qaida is Osama Bin
Laden who has been hiding from the US troops ever since the war started. The reasons for Al–
Qaida's actions are based on the Islamic "Sharia" – laws. They want to fight the states they consider
a threat against Islam, and especially the USA and Israel. The Al–Qaida leaders encourage all
Muslims to kill American citizens, both military and civilians.
We can separate the terrorist actions into two main groups; local and international terrorism. Local
terrorism consists of actions such as suicide missions, car bombings and so on. International
terrorism is actions where the citizens and/or territory of several countries are affected.
There are many situations that can lead to the use of terrorism. Terrorism can occur in both poor as
well as wealthy countries, and in both democracies and states under different kinds of dictatorship.
However, terrorism is most likely to occur in countries that are characterized by poverty and
oppression. People in poor countries might feel like they are subjected to an unfair distribution of
the world's wealth. Poverty is claimed to be an underlying part of all the causes of terrorism.
Terrorism is a global issue that has

The, Terrorism, And International Terrorism
The infamous word of Terrorism is such a complex word when it comes to the actual definition.
Reason that is the case is that everything that happens from a shooting of innocent people to the fires
that were set to the churches in the south. Everyone around the world in different countries also has
their own definition and that is because they have faced the horror of constant "terrorist" attacks in
the past 20+ years. The bloodshed that happens on a daily basis is why it is known as terrorism. For
one it's conducted by an organized group of individuals who seek to spread their beliefs onto others
who have their own religion. The current definition according to the State Department website is
broken down into two parts which is domestic terrorism, and international terrorism. Both are
broken down to describe what they both mean and who the individuals that conduct such attacks are.
Internationally, the definition in countries such as in the United Kingdom is from the Parliamentary
Liaison Secretary, Michael Bartlet : [1] (1) In this Act "terrorism" means the use or threat of action
where: (a) the action falls within subsection (2), (b) the use or threat is designed to influence the
government or to intimidate the public or a section of the public, and (c) the use or threat is made for
the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.
(2) Action falls within the subsection if it:
(a)

The Impacts Of International Terrorism And The Nature Of...
Module 1
The nature of terrorism and the goals associated with a terrorist attack make it a very broad term,
and terrorism can take many forms. "Terrorism is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations as "the
unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government,
the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives" (28
C.F.R. Section 0.85)." (Federal Bureau of Investigation Counterterrorism Division, 2005, p. iv) The
definition from the Code of Federal Regulations identifies certain elements that are always present
in a terrorist attack: the unlawful use of force or violence, a victim, and a political or social
objective.
The FBI breaks down terrorism into more specific definitions based on the actors and their motives.
The two categories of terrorism are domestic terrorism and international terrorism. Domestic
terrorists are those acting entirely within the United States without input. International terrorism can
encompass many different things. International terrorism may intend to influence US government or
policy decisions, or instill fear amongst US citizens, sometimes by attacks outside of the US. The
actors of international terrorism may cross borders, or travel to commit their terrorist acts, or may
seek to send their message to the US following the attack. (Federal Bureau of Investigation
Counterterrorism Division, 2005)
Terrorism can take many forms, and the

The Fight Against International Terrorism
As the fight against international terrorism gears up for renewed hostilities in areas of the Middle
East against old foes and new organizations that have brought their extremists views to the
battlefields, the socio–economic issues currently plaguing the stability of Yemen provide the
backdrop for the most potent threat to the U.S. homeland and its interests in the region. This Red
Cell Analysis will provide a historical overview and internal look at the terrorist organization known
as Al–Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula while uncovering which intelligence collection programs
housed throughout the U.S. Intelligence Community are best suited at countering and defeating the
tactics used by this often violent extremist organization. Additionally, this paper will distinguish
which members of the IC will be the best collectors of the needed intelligence to thwart any future
attacks plotted by this organization as well as identifying the proper intelligence analysis strategies
that will be most effective in eliminating this group and their objectives from the battlefield. Since
earning its designation as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on January 19, 2010, the group's goals
have remained consistent with the standards and disciplines found throughout militant jihad, which
"aims to purge Muslim countries of Western influence and replace secular "apostate" governments
with fundamentalist Islamic regimes observant of sharia" (Council on Foreign Relations 2015). Its
regional

Terrorism And International Business Research
Sadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on
international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and
practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past
terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational
preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level
research provides a theoretical contribution by building upon n the literature calling from Vogus and
Sutcliffe, (2007) for developing a theory of organizational resilience which would enhance
understanding and insights into how resilient organizations rebound faster from disastrous
disruptions than less pliable organizations (Vogus & Sutcliffe, 2007; Jain & Grosse, 2009). A
significant academic contribution is addressing a specific research gap identified by leading scholars
(Czinkota, Knight, Liesch, & Steen, 2010) in the international business literature concerning the
organizational preparedness of firms to deal with terrorism. Furthermore, the paper identifies
business continuity planning as practical fundamental solution to improve organizational
preparedness to terrorism and enhance performance resilience.
Introduction: Terrorism & International Business
The increasing effect of terrorism on international business is at once a tragedy and a serious
challenge to executives and researchers struggling

The Importance Of International Terrorism
The growing scope and complexity of international terrorism, particularly the threat to diplomats
and diplomatic facilities, has caused widespread concern among members of the international
community and prompted a lively debate on the measures appropriate for their protection.
Consideration of this matter, however, has been greatly complicated not only by differing
interpretations of the nature of terrorism but by the involvement of states themselves in terrorist
activities.
Once again, this problem is not new but since the 1960s, when terrorism emerged as a coherent
doctrine of revolutionary warfare and a myriad groups sprang up around the world to capitalise on
the increased vulnerability of modern society, the involvement of government s in terrorism has
been given considerable attention. The debate over this matter has been heightened by the open
admission of some states that they were prepared to sponsor terrorist groups as a means of extending
their foreign policy options and by the Reagan Administration's insistence that terrorism has become
a global issue with the potential to destroy diplomacy, undermine world stability and threaten
civilisation itself .1
Despite the fact that the diplomatic laws have been in practice since the beginning of early
civilizations, states have often acted in a manner contrary to VCDR principles and laws. There have
been earlier incidents of the violation of inviolability of diplomatic privileges by the receiving state
but most of them

Domestic Terrorism And International Terrorism
Term paper for CJ 3340:
Domestic Terrorism vs. International Terrorism
Paul A. Vega
Tarleton State University
Domestic Terrorism vs. International Terrorism
The acts of terrorism can affect the lives of many people and is not limited to those who receive
physical scaring, but also people who have an emotional connection to those who are injured, and
quite possibly an entire nation. To distinguish between domestic and international terrorism one
must first define terrorism. It seems from region to region there are slight variations of what
qualifies as terrorism. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations defines terrorism as "the unlawful use
of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian
population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of or social objectives" (FBI Terrorism 2002–
2005). The Federal Bureau of Investigation further distinguishes terrorism by dividing them into two
distinct categories: Domestic and International terrorism. Domestic Terrorism is categorized by the
FBI as occurring primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. These acts are
violent in nature and aim toward the intimidation of a government and its people. Domestic and
International terrorism can also be further distinguished by considering the origin of the individuals
or groups who commit the acts. Domestic Terrorism involves people who are natural born citizens
or those who primarily operate in the

Osama Bin Laden: International Terrorism
The Truth As children, we grow up in a world filled with make believe superheros and villains, not
knowing that there are real–world villains. One in particular has the power to kill two thousand nine
hundred and seventy seven in one day. His name is Osama Bin Laden an international terrorist. Bin
Laden is the leader of a terrorist group known as the Al Qaeda and brings terror to many countries.
He has took the lives of over ten thousand Americans and twenty thousand 'others' in thirty four
different countries. Some of the country's Bin Laden has brought terror to is Britain, Jordan, Egypt,
and Bosnia just to name a few. The most insignificant action Bin Laden took part in was 9/11. Bin
Laden was the leader of the attack and ordered Al Qaeda to capture planes and crash them at the
world trade center and the pentagon. Instead two planes crashed into the Twin Towers killing two
thousand nine hundred seventy seven individuals. This led America to search and murder him for
what he has done in our country. It was a very difficult mission to find and kill Bin laden, it ... Show
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Dressed in Army fatigues, and with an Islamic head–dress, he had an assault rifle propped behind
him in a broadly lit mountain hideout. Significantly, he looked pale and gaunt. In the video he was
bashing on George W. Bush but still claimed he had no involvement on 9/11. Then on november 11
a second videotape was released and this time he talked down on the U.S and urged muslims to
celebrate the attacks. Bin laden still did not state or claim that he had involvement on 9/11. For some
time there were no remarks from Bin Laden in till December 13, 2001. This is the day that professor
griffin believes that Bin Laden dies to kidney failure. This same day the U.S government released a
new video of Bin Laden and in it he contradicts everything he has said before in the other tapes. In
this one claims and takes full responsibility for 9/

The Impact Of Terrorism On International Business
Our paper explores the interesting phenomena of terrorism on international business. Grounded in
the grave reality of terrorism and the international business literature, our research conceptualizes
this compelling topic into a practical model worthy of future research. Unfortunately, the current
data does not provide statistical evidence to support the unique firm level predictions from the
conceptual model. However, our exploratory research leads us to believe that the lack of sensitivity
in our measurement of the dependent variable is the issue and not the conceptual model.
Recommendations for practice and theory identified in our research are the firm learning or
habituation that may occur between the interaction of organizational ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
3421). A theory of organizational resilience will provide enhanced understanding into how resilient
organizations rebound from disruptions, such as terrorism, and outperform less pliable organizations
(Vogus & Sutcliffe, 2007; Jain & Grosse, 2009).
In summary, this research paper stimulates scholarly research into the potential for organizational
preparedness solutions to improve performance resilience results for international businesses
struggling to cope with the worldwide crisis of terrorism. It also seeks to test and recommend
specific practices that will help firms recover more quickly from – and so be less constrained by –
possible terrorist attacks. This unique exploratory firm–level study into the tragic phenomena of
terrorism within the international business community provides a meaningful step forward in both
theory and practice in an under–developed research area worthy of additional study with
intensifying business and academic implications.
Plan for Future Research
Introduction – Our exploratory research accentuates the heightening safety, economic and
psychological implications of the growing threat of terrorism to international business. Increasingly,
international businesses organizationally prepare to cope with the escalating risk of discontinuities,
unplanned events, and crises in a dangerous world. Our second study extends and

John Muereller International Terrorism
International terrorism does not pose a significant challenge to national security, due to a few
reasons. This question does not have a simple answer, there is an issue with terrorism, but it terms of
it being a substantial impediment to our nations security, it is not. John Mueller, author of the "No"
argument, draws light to the minority of people behind these extreme groups who actually possess
the capabilities to lead a terrorist organization. Mueller says, "its capabilities are far inferior to its
desires." One extremist group, Al–Qaeda, attacked the United States on 9/11 and since then, have
proceeded to do nothing other than release videos complete with pointless threats. A misconception
tied with terrorism says, other Muslim countries

Terrorism As An International Phenomenon Essay examples
Terrorism as an International Phenomenon
International terrorism, intelligence gathering and covert operations are all phenomenon, which
intrigue the minds of many people both young and old. This paper is a historical recount and study
on the various elements that comprise an international operation. It is also a vehicle for discussing
the effects of intelligence agencies around the world, with particular interest in the CIA, Mossad,
and KGB. This paper will show the various results of failed missions on the international
community, examining whether the end justified the mean. Furthermore, it will also provide a
deeper understanding to the way in which an operation works as developed through the mind of ...
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The CIA, established in 1947, and the KGB, established in 1954, used Berlin as the battlefield for
espionage.
It was not a very intricate system; although, the results were of great importance. The CIA operated
from its Berlin Operations Base, BOB , which was an experimental entity. It had approximately 250
agents spying on Russian troop movement, fortification, ammunition dumps, and training grounds .
From there information was gathered concerning the making of a Russian nuclear weapon.
Despite the fact that both intelligence agencies existed in Germany at the same time, their respective
goals were not the same. The CIA concerned itself with the aforementioned goal of uncovering
details about foreign nuclear weapons. They were a true counter–intelligence organization.
However, the KGB focused their attention on bringing German scientists back to Russia in order to
build a weapon of mass destruction .
The KGB worked endlessly to try to thwart the CIA's intelligence actions. However, they
underestimated the CIA's determination and in doing so failed many times. Finally, the CIA
discovered that it could tap the telephone line used by the KGB's headquarters by

Domestic Terrorism Vs International Terrorism Essay
What two terrorist attacks were examined in this research study? Briefly outline a synopsis of each
attack. The two terrorist attacks that was examined and researched are Domestic and International.
Domestic terrorism is involved in violence against the civilian population or setup of a nation–often,
but not always by citizens of that nation and often with the intent to be like coerce or influence
national policy. Rand addresses national security and critical organization needs through objective
research that helps government agencies prevent and lessen terrorist activities and improves disaster
preparedness, response and recovery. The international terrorist attack is the government order to
decrease the risk from worldwide terrorism to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The conflict, media frame their audience of events and rights particular sets of response. The
language of the war on terrorism rights reifies the practice of the war on terrorism. The western
media conflict as a largely useful response gives the observed threat from a globalized enemy, and
the belonging need to protect the homeland.
What are the key differences between the geographical regional and religious frames? The key
differences are used by countries such as the United States and United Kingdom, with their similar
experiences with and policies for terrorism and India, a country that has been dealing with random
attacks since it's independence. Revealed that frames used by the media for acting terrorists
activities are subject to influence from the manner in which terrorism is perceived and the terrorism
policies employed by the lost country.
What techniques were used to report the issues by the media? The techniques that was used to report
the issues by the media are they pay the journalists to promote certain issues without the journalists
acknowledging this or without the media mentioning the sources. The government and individuals
contracting PR firms to sell a war or other important issues. Disinformation or partial information
reported as news or fact without attributing sources that might be questionable. PR firms feeding
stories to the press without revealing the nature of the information with the intention of creating a
public

Terrorism : The Fear Of Terrorism And International Terrorism
International terrorism is an extremely hot topic of discussion in today's political climate. Following
the 9/11 attacks, Americans' fear of terrorism has skyrocketed and remains at the top of many
citizens priorities. These attacks brought terrorism to the forefront of many people's minds but what
we have to remember is that this is nothing new. Through this imaginary resurgence of terrorism,
many politicians utilized this fear to maliciously fuel their campaigns and hoist themselves into
powerful positions in Washington. But do we really have much to realistically fear in terms of
terrorism? The answer is no. The news media hypes up many terrorist attacks and makes people feel
as though it is a problem that must be dealt with. In reality, Terrorists pose little–to–no risk to
American citizens. Similarly, international terrorism follows along with this same idea. In
Controversies in Globalization Charles Duelfer and John Mueller argue opposite sides of the
international terrorism debate. I personally believe that international terrorism poses no major threat
to national security, and throughout this paper I will argue as such.
Charles Duelfer sets off to argue that International Terrorism does in fact significantly threaten
National security. However Duelfer begins by discussing the concept that with time, the threat of
terrorism will fade. Duelfer writes, "The Global War on Terror, like the War on Drugs and the War
on Poverty announced by past presidents, will not suddenly terminate. It will gradually recede into
the normal pulse of government and social life." (135) This quote importantly points out the
construction of threat by presidents and how, eventually, it will go away. Although he uses this point
to aid in his argument, I believe it can be viewed from both sides. In order to gain higher approval
ratings and boost their national status, many presidents construct narratives based on threads of
truth. Duelfer goes on with his argument by listing several recent terrorist attacks, or attempts,
within the past decade. To relate it back to his earlier statements, he argues that the war on terror has
in turn created a rise within many extremist groups. Duelfer says, "The United States represented a
major

Terrorism Is An International And Domestic Problem Essay
Terrorism is an international and domestic problem in today's society. Many countries are affected
by terrorism directly and sometimes indirectly. A substantial amount of nations question terrorism,
however there are some nations that tolerate it and or encourage the active terrorists and extremist's
groups. There is no particular term that would describe terrorism, however it is often identified as
the use of violence and fear in the hunt for political and often sometimes religious objectives. The
most common objective for terrorists is to have their views heard and acknowledged. One thing that
we all can agree on is that terrorism is mala in se. According to the U.S. Department, terrorism must
contain four basic components. One, there must be a threat of violence and or an act of violence,
there must be a political objective, violence and a threat of violence must be a direct attack on
civilians which would make civilians the primary target and lastly, it has to be perpetrated by
supporting a nation and or nations of terrorism. (U.S. Department, n.d.)
Throughout the year's thousands of individuals have lost their lives due to terrorist attacks. Many
foreign countries have witnessed firsthand the evil that terrorism can bring on a daily basis. Truth is,
although we as Americans have not witnessed much of it up until recent years, terrorism has been
around for many decades now. There are several foreign terrorist organizations out there that are
constantly terrorizing

Domestic Terrorism Vs International Terrorism
Excelsior College
Domestic Terrorism
Mr. Prybutok
Jerek Columna
How do you define domestic terrorism? In what ways is it functionally different from international
terrorism? Distinguish between domestic terrorism from above and domestic terrorism from below.
Give examples.
As Enders, Sandler, and Gaibulloev (2011) argue, to be classified as a domestic terrorist, one must
be from the same country as the attacks occur and if the terrorist resides in the country. This type of
terrorism has grave consequences for the host country, it effects its institutions, policies, people, and
property and in most cases, there is no overseas sponsorship or involvement. (Enders et al, 2011).
For instance, the bombing of the Building in Oklahoma ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In particular, the December 2012 killing of 20 schoolchildren in Newtown and the killing of 9
people at a church in Charleston, South Carolina fueled a national discussion during the Obama
administration to limit the availability of certain styles of military weapons. The enactment of the
anti–gun law poses dire threats to the existence and operationalization of the right–wing extremist
groups because the law forbids them from owning several military–type arms that can cause harm to
the public. Existing research pointed out that since the passing of the legislation, the number of
suicide and homicide cases in U.S. dropped by 10% (Borgeson & Valeri, 2009). Nonetheless,
majority of the rightwing extremist groups perceive the legislation on gun control as a solemn threat
to their right to bear weapons and in response, they have increased stockpiling of firearms and
ammunition, as well as renewed their participation in paramilitary training exercises. As Johnson
(2012) points out, such trainings, combined with a high level of extremist paranoia have the capacity
to facilitate criminal activity and

Domestic Terrorism And International Terrorism
The world has gone from bad to worse. Murders, hunger, destruction of properties, stealing, drugs
and and other wrongs are no longer news but our everyday reality. Terrorism has been another
problem, terrorism is nothing new and has always been present but after the 09/11 attack it has been
increasing throughout the years. Most terror attacks haven't been as impactful as the 9/11 attack but
most recently domestic terrorists have carried out most of the attacks. The government should take
the measures necessary and focus more on domestic terrorism than international terrorism for now,
because domestic terrorists are already here and they can attack at anytime.
International Terrorism has most of the attention when on the topic of terrorism but we should be
paying more attention to Domestic Terrorism since they are here locally based and they already have
access to the country. What most people don't realise is that inside our own country is that domestic
terrorism may pose a more dangerous and imminent threat compared to international terrorism.
Even if we don't pay attention to the serious danger domestic terrorism presents or identify it as an
act of terrorism, we must be aware that not only the country but our lives are at stake. Both in the
past and present terrorism has been a major issue but it seems that since it is such a common
occurrence in today's news we have become indifferent to the attacks.."Scott Stewart was a former
agent for the US State Department and is

Terrorism And The International Humanitarian Law Essay
Put differently, the measures in which the US went about this issue is problematic as they acted
outside the legality of international law. Jocknick and Normand argue that the international
humanitarian law cannot be used to "humanize war" and that they may impose states to create
"effective humanitarian limits on the conduct of wars" (Jochnick, 51). They also outline the
importance of understanding the events of "past legal effort to regulate war" in an attempt to
reassure that mistakes are prevented and that outcomes in regards to protecting civilians can be
better predicted (51). Consequently, many nations were not relatively happy at the outcome of the
war on terror and how the States handled the issue.
After the shocking September 11 attacks, the Bush administration decided to turn its focus on
combating terrorism and wage a war on terror. This ultimately led to intensifying border security.
The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks were questionable as they used unethical
means to find retribution. The principle source for the attacks were identified in the following
weeks. Consequently, the general American public perception of a new enemy emerged following
the 9/11 attacks. Muslims became the target of after it had been confirmed that US military
intelligence that the al Qaeda, a militant Islamic terrorist organization under the leadership of Osama
Bin Laden were responsible for the attacks, Subsequently, the Bush administration decided to invade

Persuasive Essay On International Terrorism
There has been many problems within the U.S, from terrorism to violence, even drugs from other
countries. Consequently, America will not take action. According to the government, they are trying
their hardest to prevent these unfortunate events, but in reality all they do is by more weapons to
continue with their unnecessary actions. What should America do? In order to mitigate international
terrorism, America should not meddle in the affairs of other countries, instead they should
concentrate on educating youth to stay away from drugs and violence.
Composed by William Robert Johnston, more than 120 terrorist attacks have been reported since
2001. We can all agree that it is atrocious behavior, considering more than half of those attacks are
held by citizens of the U.S. 9/11 is a date no one can forget but why did it happen? It happened
because America interfered with Afghanistan, they wanted to help it or maybe even control it.
America sent thousands of soldiers to Afghanistan to try and protect it from their own people, which
they should have not done it only caused more complication. Of course it is always good to help but
they can not get involved with other countries. It is not their place to try and save them. As a result,
ma ny have died on both sides. unfortunately Afghanistan had many children working for them to be
in the war using weapons at the ages of at least 10 killing their own people bombing places or
themselves being the bomb and killing themselves.

International Terrorism And Domestic Terrorism Essay
Terrorism is all over the current headlines, but some of the very worst attacks happened 15 years ago
in the United States; this occurrence brought around many changes of policies inside the U.S. but
also policies in the U.S. regarding other foreign countries. It brings fear and terror to many of its
victims and is an extremely dangerous national threat.
There are mainly two kinds of terrorism that people can be affected by: International terrorism and
domestic terrorism. Both of these can be described by the general definition of terrorism. Terrorism
is violent acts that are dangerous to human life and that break federal or state law (What we
Investigate: Terrorism).
These acts appear to be intended to frighten or force civilian people, to affect the procedure of a
government by pressure or force, or to affect the behavior of a government by much destruction,
assassination, or kidnapping. The main differences between the two different kinds are that
international terrorism occurs outside of the national authority of the U.S. Domestic terrorism occurs
within the national authority of the U.S. (What we Investigate: Terrorism).
Some of the main motives for terrorism are revenge, religion/beliefs, and political grievances
(Grothaus). In the case of 9/11 it was motives of opposition against what the United States believed
in. There were also other reasons which include: the Gulf war in the 1990s, American support for
Israel, and U.S. military presence in the Middle East

Terrorism: The Use Of Drones And International Terrorism
After the attacks referred to as 9/11, the United States started a War on Terror to globally erase the
organizations responsible for the attacks on Americans. By stating a War on Terrorist across the
world it is possible to get rid of terrorist groups by using drones. On September 18th 2001, Congress
passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force giving the President of the United States
authorization, "to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or
persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on
September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts
of international terrorism against the United States ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First the cost of drones are very minimal. Second drones are unmanned witch allows for there to be
no immediate risk for US personnel. Third because drones have the ability to conduct surveillance
missions following targets before striking, they eliminate collateral damage. On the contrary the
explanations in the papers and other forms of written literature exempt in explaining why drone
strikes have raised so much since the inauguration of president Obama in 2008. It is not that drones
are not new technology; it is that we have just seen a rising increase in their use, this is a fact not
brought up by modern explanations for why drone use is increasing. Therefor saying, traditional
explanations for the increase in drone strikes fail to present a detailed disintegration of the nature of
drone strikes targets as they have increased over

Inside Al Qaed International Counter Terrorism Expert...
INSIDE AL QAEDA
Rohan Gunaratna
New York: Columbia University Press, 2002, 272 pp.
International counter–terrorism expert Rohan Gunaratna's book Inside Al Qaeda is an analysis of
leadership, ideology, structure and strategies, of the 'first multinational terrorist group' [1] of the
twenty–first century. Based on five years of research and extensive interviews with over 200
militants, the book traces the genesis of al–Qaeda and its rise to prominence leading up to the
September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. Though Inside Al Qaeda has elicited effusive
praise from the Western media, some of the claims made by the author in this book had been widely
challenged by the Australian media, the Malaysian government and scholars. As for the ordinary
reader, Inside Al Qaeda may come across as a 'data dump'[2] than a comprehensive commentary on
the subject.
The biographical sketches of Osama bin Laden and Sheikh Khalid Muhammad, the key planner of
the 9/11 attacks, is by far the strongest section of the book. A detailed description of al Qaeda 's
networks across the Middle East, Europe, South America and North America is another aspect that
sets this book apart from other literature on the subject. The book throws up new data about al
Qaeda's global networks quoting first–hand interviews. For instance, Gunaratna gave a detailed
account of how the arrest of the twentieth hijacker Zaccarias Moussaoui affected the 9/11 attacks [3]
and how Hizballah operative Imad Mughniyeh

Domestic Terrorism Vs International Terrorism Analysis
Terrorism is a violent act that is planned and committed to cause terror in the people while trying to
achieve political goals. In the Prologue Magazine article of John Brown the author states, "Terrorists
may hope for political change, but what they often want is to simply strike back at and harm those
they oppose" (Finkelman, 2011). Terrorism is something that can happen in any country because
there are people who disagree with another's beliefs or political views. Terrorists usually target
civilians or "non–military folk" because they aren't able to defend themselves against an attack.
They are also not concerned with how much damage they cause; they will use anything from a
bomb to guns.
International and Domestic terrorism are two different

How Does 9/11 Attacks Affect The Threat Of International...
The 9/11 attacks in Washington, Pennsylvania and New York brought to attention the threat of
international terrorism and the devastation that it could cause for the major powers. These attacks
provided the motivation that the Bush administration needed to authorise the invasion of Iraq. With
the attacks brought the realisation that non–state groups had the capacity and willingness to strike
against the USA and that the US no longer had a monopoly over war therefore validating the use of
force against terrorist organizations (Amin, 2006). In light of 9/11 and other attacks aimed at the
USA, the US embarked on a highly militarised anti–terrorist campaign (Bassil, 2012). In his 2002
State of the Union address, President George W. Bush confirmed

Has International Terrorism Changed Over Time
This article focuses on data of international terrorism compiled by institutions such as the RAND
Corporation, the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) and International
Terrorism Attributes of Terrorist Events (ITERATES). The purpose of the article is to seek the
answer for the following questions: Has there been an increase in the raw number of international
terrorist incidents over time? Secondly, have individual acts of international terrorism become more
violent over time? Thirdly, has the frequency (annual number) of lethal international terrorist
incidents (a lethal incident is defined as leading to at least one death) itself increased over time? And
fourthly, what patterns other than time dependence (or independence)

The Media’s Support of International Terrorism Essay
Imagine you are a resident of Jerusalem, in the year 60 AD. You are taking
a walk throughout the marketplace doing your weekly shopping. You see a man
pull out a dagger and he yells 'death to all Romans' and attacks a roman guard,
killing him in front of hundreds of spectators. The assassin quietly slips into
the crowd and is lost in a sea of people never to be found. The word of the
attack spreads and soon it is the talk of the town. Many more attacks on Romans
are made by the Sicarii and the Zealots. Sympathizers of the Romans slowly
disappear and their voices vanish from Jerusalem. The fear of terrorism grows
and Roman repression grows along with it, this in turn leads to the people of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Terrorism is the use of violence against innocents to bring about political
change through fear. It is a combination of indoctrination and drama. The
relationship between terrorism and the media is symbiotic. As terrorists
require widespread attention, the media needs news (Miller v–vi). Terrorism in
effect is a from of advertisement of the terrorists goals and what they want
accomplished. In 1980 the New York Times printed a total of 916 articles on
terrorist events. That means that terrorists were getting their message out
nearly three times a day to the American public(Miller 60). Terrorists have
usually used the media for four main reasons. The first reason is to have their

message heard and strike fear into their target group. The second is to win
over the publics support for their cause, by highlighting themes like, the
righteousness of their cause, and the assuredness of their victory. Third they
use media to disrupt government and security responses, by suggesting that they
are ov erreacting, and their efforts are counterproductive. Finally the fourth
is to raise the moral of their current members, raise recruitment, and encourage
more attacks (Alexander 30–31). John O' Sullivan gave this quote about media
and terrorism, "If the media were not there to explain their political and
social significance [their goals and

Prevention And Suppression Of International Terrorism
Prevention
1. Notes that for the purposes of this resolution:
a. "Major Criteria" is any act that by itself constitutes a terrorist act,
b. "Minor criteria" is any act which by its sole presence does not necessarily define a terrorist act, it
is necessary the concurrence of at least two (2) of them to be regarded as such,
c. "Facilities" are any public or private building, or means of transportation;
2. Instructs that for the purposes of this resolution, in accordance with the legal instruments related
to the prevention and suppression of international terrorism made by the United Nations and
regional bodies, an act will be regarded as a "terrorist act" whenever it is committed crossing one or
more borders with the aim of achieving political goals through the dissemination of terror with the
intent to influence beyond the immediate victim, and it is accompanied by one (1) major criteria, or
by the concurrence of at least two (2) minor criteria:
a. Major criteria constitutes an acts that:
i. Causes death or serious body injuries to potential victims as defined in paragraph (3), based on
Article 2 subsection "a" of the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings,
(1997). ii. Intimidates a population, based on Article 2 subsection "b" of the International
Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999. iii. Compels a Government or
international organization to perform or abstain from performing and act, based on Article 2
subsection

International Terrorism And The Security Of The United...
This essay will explore the argument that international terrorism represents the greatest threat to the
security of the United Kingdom. It will begin by defining, within the context of this essay, what is
meant by the concepts of national security, terrorism and international terrorism, and how
international terrorism threatens our nation through both direct and indirect means. Throughout, it
will identify a snapshot of the current gamut of security threats to the United Kingdom and analyse,
through these threats, how international terrorism poses the most substantial menace to the security
of the United Kingdom. To the military minded individual, it could appear that the notion of national
security is limited to the threat posed by physically violent or military action. However, as a matter
of policy, the United Kingdom defines national security as 'the security and well–being of the United
Kingdom as a whole'(REF). This includes the security of the nation's social security, economic
stability, power of diplomatic influence, and the physical security and well–being of the United
Kingdom's population. Terrorist activity is no longer limited to direct physical attacks on the state in
order to achieve their cause and as will be explored further in this essay, threats to national security
are evolving into more indirect methods in order to undermine the nation's well–being. For way of
definition, and for the purpose of this article, terrorism can be described as the use

Impact Of Terrorism On International Tourism
THS3INT
Assessment Task 2
Research Report
"Terrorism is an enigmatic and compelling phenomenon, and its relationship with tourism is
complex and multifaceted". (Mc.A.Baker, 2014:58)
Emily Kate Tucker
17742875
Nadia Vago
Thursday 11am HU3 411A
Table of contents
1.0 Executive Summary 3
2.0 Introduction 4
3.0 International Tourism 4
4.0 Terrorism 4
5.0 The Impact of Terrorism on Economic and Socio–Cultural Factors 6
6.0 The Impact of Terrorism on International Tourism in the Future 6
7.0 Conclusion 8
8.0 References 9 1.0 Executive Summary
International tourism is a significant contributor to economic growth and development with
international receipts surpassing US$ 1,240 billion in 2014. Despite the industries continual growth
and notable economic power, international tourism is highly vulnerable to internal and external
challenges in particular terrorism. Terrorism can be defined as the premeditated use or threat of use
of violence by individuals or subnational groups to obtain a political or social objective. Terrorists
target tourist and tourist destinations for a number of logical reasons, inclusive of the extreme media
attention they receive which was first made evident during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games 'Black
Saturday' attack. As we discuss throughout the report, drawing attention to the September 11, 2001
al–Qaeda driven terrorist attack, the economic and socio–cultural impacts of on the tourism

Domestic Terrorism Vs International Terrorism
Terrorism is nothing new to the U.S. as terrorists have taken lives inside of the country from the
Oklahoma City bombing and the first attack on World Trade Center in 1993. Even back in the 1970s
the U.S. saw attacks from a group call the Weather Underground. However, the motivation and
reasoning for terror attacks from groups such as the Weather Underground and Al–Qaeda are often
quite different and often so is the type of terrorism. Two of the most commonly known types of
terrorism are international terrorism and domestic terrorism. At times, it may be easier to figure out
the group or act that falls as either domestic terrorism or international terrorism. However, not all
terrorist or terrorist acts are as easy to classify, such as the case ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the days that followed, a police officer would be killed, and a shootout with law enforcement
would leave one terrorist dead and another in police custody. The Boston Marathon Bombers as they
are now known emigrated from Chechnya to the United States. One of the bombers girlfriends had
reported an increased interest in radical Islam and that he had issues fitting into his new
country(DHS,CIA,DOJ, 2014).Tamerlan Tsarnaev left the United States in January of 2012 to take a
trip to Russia, a trip that alerted the Russian FSB(DHS,CIA,DOJ, 2014). The FSB believed
Tamerlan Tsarnaev to be a concern for terrorism and informed the American CIA and FBI. However,
the Boston bomber was allowed to return to the U.S. and passed an interview with the FBI as a
possible

Rapoport's Four Waves Of International Terrorism
Introduction
From the 1980s, terrorism has increasingly taken a religious dimension, specifically that of an
Islamic one (Hoffman, Rapoport). Islamist terrorism has been extensive on a global scale: starting
with the early rise of the Islamist terrorist organizations like Hezbollah, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and
others that were largely focused with Israel, it continued with the more recent entrants like Al
Qaeda, a transnational terrorist organization, and the Islamic State of Syria and Levant, now a
quasi–state, which have a geographically–broader ambition. Although Al Qaeda had focused on
taking their fight to just the faraway enemies, ISIS has broadened their targets to both the faraway
and nearby. And, as it stands, there is no indication ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, we have more than a hundred definitions for terrorism. (Laquer) A famous terrorist
expert summarized it as "a problem in the problem definition." (H. H. A. Cooper) The problem of
defining terrorism is that it fluctuates between terrorism and variants of freedom fighting –
essentially the definition depends on who is labelling who. A significant contribution to our
understanding of terrorism, however, has been by David Rapoport and his "four waves" of
international terrorism. He describes waves as "a cycle of activity in a given time period," one that is
"characterized by expansion and contraction phases," and its chief feature is its international
character, where the activities in the several afflicted countries are "driven by a common
predominant energy that shapes the participating groups' characteristics and mutual relationships."
Having traced through history the direction of modern terrorism dating as far back as 1880,
Rapaport lists four distinct waves of terrorism: anarchism, anti–colonialism, communism/socialism,
and religious fundamentalism; the names of which reflecting the energy that individually shape
them. (Rapaport 47) Rapaport's wave theory has been crucial to our understanding of the global
spread of

Terrorism, International And Domestic Terrorism
Terrorism is not a new issue in today's world. It has been an issue for centuries, and even in the
ancient world. The military strategy "total war" can be seen as terrorism because it struck fear in the
hearts in the next town before the army arrived. According to the United States Code and the FBI
website, terrorism is split in our law into three types. 18 U.S.C. § 2331 defines two types of
terrorism, international and domestic terrorism.
According to the FBI website, "International" terrorism is defined in the with the following three:
"involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law", "Appear to be
intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government
by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction,
assassination, or kidnapping", and "Occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S., or
transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons
they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek
asylum" ("Definitions of Terrorism in the U.S. Code").
"Domestic" terrorism, according to the FBI, is defined with the following three: "Involve acts
dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law",
"Appear intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a
government by intimidation or

The United Nations Charter And The Security Council Essay
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, war has been the cause of countless casualties around the world. The first war in
1914 through 1918 resulted in the death of millions of soldiers and civilians. As an important
attempt to end the war, The League of Nations was founded in 1919. However, the League of
Nations was unable to grant the proper security to prevent another war from taking place. Therefore,
World War II emerged. Afterwards, the United Nations was created in an effort to prevent future
wars. Since 1945, the United Nations has been working to prevent wars and to manage international
security. This organization created the prohibition of the use of force unless it is in self–defense,
according to Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and the Security Council.
However, establishing the League of Nations and United Nations has not ended bloodshed, violence,
nor has it prohibited wars from erupting throughout the world. As a matter of fact, countless
numbers of people have suffered due to multiple civil wars and battles conducted by non–state
actors as well as the conflicts of terror groups. Undoubtedly, terrorist groups are on the rise and have
become an international problem. With the proliferation of groups employing terrorist tactics, it is
analytically observed by the international community that they use different techniques to create
violence on governments and civilians. Also, globalization has caused terrorism to develop into a
transnational crime that poses a

Iran 's Support For International Terrorism
Introduction
The 1979 Revolution in Iran ended a truly symbiotic relationship between the United States and the
Shah, thus creating the beginning of a longwinded road of economic sanctions imposed upon Iran.
"As a result of Iran 's support for international terrorism and its aggressive actions against
nonbelligerent shipping in the Persian Gulf, President Ronald Reagan, on October 29, 1987, issued
Executive Order 12613 imposing a new import embargo on Iranian–origin goods and services" , and
for when rogue Iranians took American citizens hostage at the embassy, releasing them months later,
the relationship began to become strained. In following the history of the economic sanctions, I'll
begin with an outline of the United States' most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
citizens from entering into jobs requiring the financing or supervision "of the development of
petroleum resources located in Iran or in an area over which Iran claims jurisdiction" 8) the May
1995 ban on exportation of goods to Iran from the US of anything types of goods, technology, or
even trade services such as financing by United States banks 9) the August 1996 signing of the Iran
and Libya Sanctions and finally 10) the last executive order of August 1997 in which we confirmed
that all trade and investment activities with Iran by banks, companies, or any persons are formally
prohibited.
Research Design This paper will be defining and critiquing the problem at hand through use of a
case study and analysis of the literature at hand to help prove the theory that sanctions have been
ineffective throughout our historical use of them. It will identify the problem as being one of nuclear
deterrence to solve for Iran's threatening stance on nuclear power. It will then go on to argue that the
United States and all involved allies should employ soft power peace talks to negotiate trade and
settle debate on Iran's past of nuclear

Terrorism and International Relations Essay
The immediacy and the primacy of any truly potent force is the ability to perpetuate itself. Sharp and
energetic outbursts have their place, and can be known to have great effect–cataclysmic forces,
despite their maximum destructive potential, are temporary in their total effects in relation to some
absolute goal. In other words, they are generally limited in scope, and well defined in purpose; there
is a tactical objective, which is usually consummated quickly. The more dreaded force creeps along,
escalating incrementally, and while it may abide a strategic goal, or even a policy, it is generally
open–ended. This sort of ambiguity I am referring to differs from the flexible tactical necessity in
that strategic outcomes are very much ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Differing accounts on either pole focus on al–Qaeda's continued relevance as the premier terrorist
network, whether it is any longer effective or not. From there, the natural conclusion comes around
to asking how effective al–Qaeda is, and by which mechanisms does it project that effectiveness.
Aside from this, both parties agree that al–Qaeda has an uncanny habit of surviving in the turbulent
international dialectic that spawned radical Muslim distress, vicariously. If anything is clear, al–
Qaeda has a tremendous insulating capability. It is like a fungus that germinates through spores,
reaching ever remoter places, ready to bloom when the conditions are right. While in reality it is
probably not so simple, this is the crux of Sageman's argument. Sageman contends that the current
breed of al–Qaeda, in its "third wave...consists mostly of would–be terrorists, who...aspire to join
the movement and the men they hail as heroes (emphasis added)." This new generation, riding the
wave of Muslim condemnation of the Iraq War, in contrast to the previous two has, apart from the
Iraq rage, neither the Mujahidin casus belli of the first generation, nor the expatriate marginalization
of the second. Rather, the "tolerant, virtual environment of the Internet offers them a semblance of
unity and purpose. Theirs is a scattered, decentralized social structure–a leaderless jihad (emphasis
added)." It is important to note the italics. The words are "social" and

Essay about The Ever Increasing International Terrorism...
The deaths of approximately 3,000 people in the suicidal collision of hijacked commercial airliners
into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 was the most destructive
terrorist attack recorded in the world history which resulted in untold misery and suffering. This
very atrocious act was committed at a time when experts had been defining a new form of
international terrorism which states that not even a superpower like America is immune from these
attacks as the main objective behind this the mass destruction.
Terrorism can be defined as the specific and deliberate use of violence against civilians in order to
achieve political aims. The international community today finds itself in unprecedented danger.
According ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
True, there were some dangerous terrorist networks operating in the 1970's and 1980's. But these
networks were not on the same scale as those we face today; they were nothing like as extreme in
their ideology. The terrorist of the 70's and 80's did not believe that in blowing up innocent civilians,
he was doing God's work; nor did he see terrorism as a holy duty. The modern Islamist terrorist does
believe in all taking away the lives of millions of harmless people plus his desire to die in the
carrying out of the mission, places him in a category beyond the kind of terrorism that we have
witnessed in the past.
The end of the Afghan war is the root cause of the emergence of a totally new kind of international
terrorism; a terrorism that could draw upon hundreds of thousands of Islamic activists, sharing a
common extremist ideology, and common goals. Also, these people were veterans with a decade of
fighting experience behind them and s they knew warfare in all its aspects. It is this network of
Islamist radicals at now threatens the Western world, as well as the moderate Muslim regimes of the
Arab world today. The bombings in Madrid (2004) and London (2005) which resulted in the
slaughter of many civilians is the result of the new form of terrorism which is closely related to
religious extremism and whose explicit aim is mass killing. Al–Qaida is the best–known
transnational terrorist organization which in addition to pursuing its own terrorist campaign, it

Terrorism and Its Effects on International Relations
Terrorism and its Effects on International Relations
Introduction Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With
the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries
counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks
affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have
counter terrorism methods affected international relations. To answer this question several things
must be addressed which are, methodology, history of terrorism, and a literature review of multiple
authors that have discussed this subject.
Methodology
To evaluate the question, how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with increased security within the United States the NATO council declared that this attack
was not only an attack on the U.S., but on all NATO nations. The United States declared a War on
Terror to prevent an attack like these from happening again. The United States planned on achieving
this by economic and military sanctions on states that are perceived to be involved in terrorist
activities. The Taliban government was removed for supporting al–Qaeda. Many countries, such as
the United Kingdom, India, Austria, and Pakistan, enforced anti–terrorist legislation after 9/11. The
United States Department of Homeland Security was formed. The primary function is to help
prevent, protect against, and respond to acts of terrorism on the U.S.(York 2001) This is also an
important case because it shows counter terrorism methods of not only the United States, but of the
country's allies as well. This is a prime example of allies coming to a nation's aid in time of need.
This case also showed how a country (the U.S.) with strong economic and military power is going to
react and how this reaction is going to transform international relations. This case shows strong
enforcement of demands on an attack that had many casualties.
The dependent variable in these cases is the affect on international relations.
The independent variables that have been described

An Age Of Mass Migration And International Terrorism
In an age of mass migration and international terrorism, the intersection of liberty and equality while
also pursuing domestic security and efficiency is a major concern. The ability to untangle these
forces is critical to national identities and to resolving contradictions between these principles in
order to strengthen the values of justice. The values of liberty, equality, security and efficiency have
different weights, but all of these have come to characterize the modern state, have guided the
formation of domestic public policy and continue to constitute the criteria by which policy success
is judged. This paper aims to outline the national policy objectives and the value–oriented solutions
of societal problems like the ones mentioned above. Since September 11 2001, the type of terrorist
attacks which have emerged have begun to have major ramifications on how states are able to aspire
to the ideals of liberty, equality, security and efficiency. States have changed the way they conduct
policy and focus on efforts to face the challenge of how efforts to increase security may have
curtailed citizens' liberties (Haubrich, 400). The anti–terrorism strategies and tactics that democratic
states have employed in order to neutralize terrorist threats have varied widely. Some have been
reactive, others proactive or preventative. However, all measures have been concerned about the
trust citizens have in those in power and the legitimacy of their rule as well as protecting

Terrorism Is A Growing Real World Situation

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