This document discusses anticoagulants and provides information about coagulation, coagulants, and anticoagulants. It then describes different types of vacutainers used for collecting blood based on their color and additive, including what tests each is used for. It also lists the functions of components commonly added to vacutainers like citrate, sodium diphosphate, and dextrose.

1. AntiCoagulants

2. Coagulation : Coagulation (clotting) is the process by which blood changes
from a liquid to a gel; potentially results in hemostasis, the
cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by
repair.
Coagulant : A substance that causes blood or another liquid to coagulate.
Anticoagulant: An agent that is used to prevent the formation of blood clots.

3. Anti Hemophilic Factor B, Christmas factor

5. Plasma
The virtually cell-free supernatant of blood containing anticoagulant
obtained after centrifugation. Plasma contains fibrinogen and other clotting
factors when separated from the red blood cells
Serum
The undiluted, extracellular portion of blood after adequate coagulation is
complete.

7. Different Types of Vacutainers :
According to Colour
RED : In Serum Biochemistry, Serum Immunology.
Additive : Blood Coagulation Accelerator

8. GOLD
Additive : Blood Coagulation Accelerator and Serum separating Gel
Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate
Uses : Serum Biochemistry, Immunology Test.

9. Blue
Use : Coagulation Test ; Prothrombin Time, Activated Prothromboplastin Time(APTT), Fibrinogen
Additive : 3.2-3.8% Sodium Citrate
Black
Use: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Green
Additive : Heparin Lithium/Heparin Sodium
Use : Emergency Biochemistry Test ; Blood gas Analysis

10. Purple : Hematology test
Additive : EDTA
Gray : Glucose Test
Additive : Potassium/Sodium Fluoride with potassium oxalate
Sodium Fluoride : Effective in preventing of blood sugar degradation through
the inhibition of glycolysis.

11. Functions of Each Component
1. Citrate : Causes Chelation of Calcium
2. Sodium Diphosphate: Prevents fall in pH.
3. Dextrose : Addition of Glucose prolongs survival of stored RBC as it is required for
metabolism.

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