1. ALUMINIUM

2.  3rd
most plentiful element in theearth'scrust
 content
 In nature, aluminum isfound only in chemical compoundswith other
elementssuch assulphur, silicon, and oxygen.
 Pure, metallic aluminum can beeconomically produced only from
aluminum oxideore.
occursin all typesof clay
ALUMINIUM
8% of theplanet'ssoil and rocks
47% oxygen
28% silicon

3. most useful orefor producing purealuminum is
RAW
MATERIALS BAUXIT
E
 main constituentsarealuminium oxides, iron and silicon
 consistsof 45-60% aluminum oxidealong with variousimpuritiessuch
assand, iron, and other metals.
somedepositsarehard rock, most consist of relatively soft dirt that is
easily dug from open-pit mines
Major producers include Australia, Brazil, Jamaica and Surinam.
Australiaproducesmorethan one-third of theworld'ssupply
It takesabout (4 lb) 2 kg of bauxiteto produce(1 lb ) 0.5 kg of
aluminum metal.
Caustic soda(sodium hydroxide) isused to dissolvethealuminum
compoundsfound in thebauxite, separating them from theimpurities
Thelargest and most lucrativebauxitedepositsarelocated around the
Equator.
 formswhen certain aluminium bearing rocksdecompose.

4. MANUFACTURING

6. The production of 1Kg of aluminium requires around 2Kg
of alumina.
The production of 2Kg of alumina requires about 4Kg of
bauxite.

7. Non-
magnetic
Specific
gravity 2.70
Light in
weight
1/3 density &
stiffness of steel
ductile &
malleable
non ferrous
metal
durable
Good conductor
of heat &
electricity
Silverly white
metal with
bluish tinge
yield strength
purealuminum al alloys
7–11 MPa 200 -
.
600
MPa
Exhibitsbright
lustreon afreshly
broken surface
Readily
dissolvesin HCl
PROPERTIES
MP-660‘C
BP- 2056’C
Corrosion
resistant
High tensile
strength

8.  A fresh film of aluminium
good reflector excellent reflector
approximately 92% of max 98% of medium and
visiblelight far infrared radiation.
 hashigh reflectivity ∴ isemployed in anumber of decorative
applications.
easily machined, cast, drawn and extruded.
 good thermal and electrical conductor
resistant to weather, common atmospheric gases, and awiderangeof
liquids
iseasily worked and formed; it can berolled to very thin gauges.
doesnot easily ignite
hashigh elasticity, which isan advantagein structuresunder shock
loads
 keepsitstoughnessdown to very low temperatures, without becoming
brittlelikecarbon steels.

9. USED AS BUILDING MATERIAL
?
.
Airtightness
 Sealed for dust rainwater etc when closed
 High functional advantagein air-conditioned buildings
Appearance
 Smooth bright finish
Strength
 tensilestrengthsAl alloys70- 700 MPa.
 Therangefor alloysused in extrusion is150 – 300 MPa.
 doesnot becomebrittleat low temperatures.
Instead, itsstrength increases.
At high temperatures, aluminium’sstrength decreases. At temperatures
continuously above100°C, strength isaffected to theextent that the
weakening must betaken into account
Weight
Aluminium islight with adensity onethird that of steel, 2.700 kg/m3.

10. .
.
Conductivity
excellent conductor of heat and electricity.
having 59% theconductivity of copper, both thermal and electrical,
whilehaving only 30% of copper's density.
Joining
Featuresfacilitating easy jointing areoften incorporated into profile
design.
Fusion welding, Friction Stir Welding, bonding and taping arealso used
for joining
Screening EMC
Tight aluminium boxescan effectively excludeor screen off
electromagnetic radiation.
Thebetter theconductivity of amaterial, thebetter theshielding
qualities.
Linearexpansion
Compared with other metals, aluminium hasarelatively largecoefficient
of linear expansion

11. Machining
Aluminium iseasily worked using most machining methods– milling,
drilling, cutting, punching, bending, etc.
theenergy input during machining islow.
Formability
Aluminium’ssuperior malleability isessential for extrusion. With the
metal either hot or cold, thisproperty isalso exploited in therolling of
stripsand foils, aswell asin bending and other forming operations.
aluminium isthemost common element in theEarth’scrust. Aluminium
compoundsalso occur naturally in our food
Reflectivity
Aluminium isagood reflector of both visiblelight and radiated heat
Non-magnetic material
Aluminium isanon-magnetic (actually paramagnetic) material. To avoid
interferenceof magnetic fieldsaluminium isoften used in magnet X-ray
devices.

12. Corrosion resistance
Aluminium reactswith theoxygen in theair to form an extremely thin
layer of oxide.
 Though it isonly somehundredthsof a(my)m thick
(1 (my)m isonethousandth of amillimetre),
 layer isdenseand providesexcellent corrosion protection.
 layer isself-repairing if damaged.
Anodising increasesthethicknessof theoxidelayer and thusimproves
thestrength of thenatural corrosion protection.
 Wherealuminium isused outdoors, thicknessesof between 15 and 25
¥ìm (depending on wear and risk of corrosion) arecommon.
Aluminium isextremely durablein neutral and slightly acid
environments.
In environmentscharacterised by high acidity or high basicity,
corrosion israpid.

14. CASTING BASED

17. EXTRUSION BASED
Doors
Singlesliding
Doublesliding
Singleand double
Folding stacking
Windows
FixturE
Sidehung
Tilt and turn
Singletop hung
Doubletop hung

18. AVAILABLE
SIZES

19. SINGLE SLIDING
DOOR

20. DOUBLESLIDING
DOOR

21. FOLDING STACKING DOORS

22. FOLDING STACKING
DOORS

23. SINGLE&DOUBLE

24. SINGLESIDEHUNG WINDOW

25. DOUBLESIDEHUNG WINDOW

26. FIXTUREWINDOWS
Asper required size
windowsfor largewall openings, overlooking thegarden, pool
or ocean.
trianglesaswell for gablewindows.

27. TILTANDTURN
WINDOW
• open 90 degrees
in or outwards
and can also be
tilted.
• inside & outside
• All hingesare
extraheavy duty
that allow for large
opening sizes.
• madeasspecified
and areavailablein
tilt with turn and
tilt only.
can also
• accomodate
standard triple
glazing in these
windows.

28. SINGLETOPHUNG WINDOW

29. DOUBLE
TOP
HUNG
WINDOWS

30. 4 x Top Hung Windows

31. Maximum outerframe sizes:
Solid fixed light maximum length of 3m but areamay not exceed 6 squaremeters.
Fixed framewith mullionsand sashes:
max length 4m but max areamay not exceed 6 squaremeters.
Maximum sizes &weight of the opening section of a
window
 Top hung sash with friction stay:
width 1200 and height 1000, glassweight max 40kg
 Side hung sash with friction stay:
width 600 and height 1500 (weadvise1200), glassweight 40kg
 Side hung sash with 90 degree hinge:
width 1200 and height 2100, glassweight 150kg
 Tilt and turn sash:
width 1200 and height 2100, glassweight 150kg
All sizesmust bechecked and approved according to weight of glass.
MAXIMUMSIZES

32. FASCIA PANELS &CURTAIN
WALLS
 Curtain wall external non-load bearing wall designed to carry
itsown weight
Sufficient strong to carry wind loads

33. GEODESIC DOMES
Vaulted structureof light weight straight elementsthat form
interlocking polygons

34. SPACEGRIDS

39. ROOFTOP
GARDENS

40. GREEN HOUSE

41. HARDWARE&FITTINGS

42. DOORBOLTS

43. DOORHANDLES

44. DOORHOOKS

45. DOORKNOCKERS

46. 31mm 51mm
30mm
37mm
CUPBOARDKNOBS

47. TOILETHOLDERS
5 1/2"
HANDRAILBRACKETS
2 ½"

48. ESCUTCHEONS

49. HANDLES

50. CASEMENTFASTENERS &STAYS

51. DOOR STOPS

52. LEVER LOCKS

53. LETTERPLATES

54. CYLINDERPULLS

55. SASH
LIFT

56. INDICATORBOLT&TURN

57. Structural glazing isasystem of bonding glassto an aluminum frameof
curtain wall utilizing ahigh-strength, high-performancesiliconesealant.
dynamic wind loadsare
transferred from theglass,
by thestructural silicone
sealant, to theperimeter
structural support.
aluminum membersare
Not visiblefrom outside.
STRUCTURALGLAZING FRAMES

59. NORTHLIGHTGLAZING FRAMES
Providean easy way to erection and easy way for maintenance
used to takenatural day light from North side.
requirealuminium Glazing bars, shoestop, & tension clips.

60. SKYLIGHTS

67. PARTITIONS
&
SPACE DIVIDERS

68. FULL GLASS
PARTITIONS

69. FOLDING DOOR

72. LADDERS

74. Geometric Sections
Angles
Channels
Channels Lipped
Flat Bars
Geometric Shapes
Hexagonal Bars
I Beams - Geometric
Rectangular Hollows
Round Bars
Square Hollows
Squares Solid
Tee Sections
Tubes
Miscellaneous Extrusions
-falseceiling
-aluminium partitions
-flashing
-sections
-fabrication-machinery tools

75. EXTRUSION
PROCESS

77. Architectural sections Fencing sections
Heat exchangetubes
Modular furniture
Solar sections
Heat exchangetubes

78. Heat sections
Architectural sections
AHU sections

79. FLASHING

81. ROOF FLASHING

82. Aluminium
Aluminium

86. REPAIR
TAPE

87. FLASHIN
G TO
STONE
CORNICE

90. Flashing styles

91. A squareor rectangular gutter that isused within theboundariesof the
roof. It may beformed between aroof surfaceand aparapet wall or
between two roof surfaces.
Availablewith infold, outfold, splashback and squashfold edges.
Thisgutter isusually supported on abox gutter board to improve
strength
And
stiffness
and to
Minimise
damage
caused by
roof traffic.
BOX GUTTER

93. INDUSTRIAL EAVE GUTTER
A purposemadeexternal gutter which islocated at theedgeof an
industrial roof. It isusually supported by heavy gaugebracketsthat have
been designed specifically to suit theindustrial eavesgutter shape. When
madein larger
sizesspecial attention
should begiven to
minimising oil can
ning of flat surfacesby
introducing additional
ribs into thedesign.

95. A shallow gutter formed to suit theanglebetween two internal slopes
of aroof. Itsdesign will usually includeareturn at each edgeto
minimisethepossibility of water spillageinto theroof space.
Depending on thesizeand application additional internal
stiffening ribsmay beincluded.
VALLEY GUTTERS

97. A half round segmented gutter formed into atrough. It is
formed between aroof surfaceand aparapet wall or between two roof
surfacesand isavailablewith infold, outfold, splashback and squashfold
edges. Usually supported by heavy gaugestraps, trough
guttersarevery efficient and havebetter self
cleaning propertiesthan box
gutters. In most casesthe
depth will not exceed
half thewidth
TROUGH GUTTER

99. used wheretwo walls
meet to form an
external corner.
Whereused with sheet
walling it should lap
at least onerib and a
recommended two ribs
for maximum water
proofing

101. used to prevent water from penetrating the
spacewhereavertical surfaceintersectsa
roof.
it should lap at least onerib and a
recommended two ribsfor maximum water
proofing.
Wider apron flashingsareadvised when the
baseof theflashing facesinto the
prevailing wind.

103. used to finish thebaseof avertical
surface
also providesan edgeto an
adjoining soffit.
Typical applicationsarein facades
and to finish overhanging
canopies.
Theflashing also preventswater
contact to theendsof sheeting.
FOOTMOULDS

104. used to seal thejoin between theend of aroof
and masonry wall.
A “V” grooveend locatesinto either a
preformed reglet, or acut in themasonry wall
providing awater resistant join to theroof and
wall connection. When installed, poleplate
flashings(often called chimney flashings) can
either bestepped to conform to brick coursesor
left straight, for amoremodern appearance.

106. used to cap building
framework and
external brickwork at
thebaseof awindow
or door frame.

108. covering over theridgebetween two slopes.
Thesizeof theedgebreak should conform with therib height of thesteel
roofing to which theridgeisattached.
Good roofing practiceisto notch thisedgebreak to neatly fit around
each rib of theroof sheet.

110. used around chimneys.
madeasatwo pieceflashing to provideflexibility in installation.

112. used to cap the
endsof vertical
sheetsor
masonry walls.
A stiffening
edgeor break is
often applied to
thelegsof the
parapet cap for
amore
appealing
appearance.

114. used AT junction
between afasciaor
bargeboard and roof
sheeting.
Thesizeof theedge
break should
conform with therib
height of theroofing
to which theridgeis
attached.

116. miscellaneous Flashing Profiles

117. Mini Corrugate
 for useon walls, awnings,
ceilingsand soffits.
 can beused asafeature, to
break-up spaceor createinterest.
 Maximum length - 6000mm
 thicknesses-0.40,0.55mm.
 minimum yield stress-
550Mpa
 minimum coating mass-
150g/m²

121. lengthslonger than 1.2 metres
isrolled to thespecific length 760mm
coverageand theminimum recommended
roof pitch isfivedegrees(1 in 12).
maximum length beforean expansion
joint isneeded is24 metresfor light
colours, and 16 metresfor
dark colours. For spring curved
sheeting thisdistanceis20 metresfor light
coloursand 16 metresfor dark colours.
CORRUGATED

123. minidek

124. 28mm rib height
Superdek

125. bullnose roofing or barrel vaulting
(a complete half circle), in either
concave or convex
arrangements.
Corrugate Pre-Curving

126. The Classic tile
measures 1300 x
370mm.
light weight
roofing solution,
weighing only
3.5kg per m2
suntile

127. Trimline

128. TYPESOF
FLASHINGS

130.  When aluminum is passed between rolls under pressure, it becomes thinner and
longer in the direction in which it is moving.
 This process is basis for forms: plate
sheet
foil.
 Aluminum can be rolled and re-rolled until it reaches the desired thickness or gage.
 When the rolling process is stopped largely determines whether the final product will be
plate sheet or foil.
Note: There is an overlap (0.006-0.0079 inch) in the thickness ranges defined for foil and
sheet. Foil products in this gage range are supplied to foil product specifications, and
sheet products are supplied to sheet specifications.
Sheet and Plate
sheet (0.249 to 0.006 inch)
plate (0.250 inch thick or more)
foil (0.0079 inch or less).
Thickness

131. Aluminum Powderand Paste
Aluminum powder and pasteareused in awidevariety of applications,
ranging from paintsand coatings, chemical and metallurgical
applications, to propellantsand explosives.

132. Theuseof recycled aluminum saves95 percent of theenergy, and avoids
95 percent of theemissions, associated with theproduction of themetal
from ore, and it reducestheamount of wasteconsigned to landfills
 With appropriatesorting, scrap aluminium can advantageously be
recycled to producethesamesortsof productsover and over again.
Requiresonly 5% of theoriginal energy input.
So easy to recycle:perfect ‘eco-metal’.
Very littlealuminium islost in theremelting process.
.
RECYCLING