Introduction to files and db systems 1.0

Department of Information Technology 1Data base Technologies (ITB4201)
Introduction to
Files and Data Base Systems
Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
Professor
Department of IT
Hindustan Institute of Science & Technology

Discussion Topics
• What is File Management System?
• What is Database Management System?
• File system vs Database Management System
• Limitations of File Based System
• Advantages of Database Management System
• DBMS Environment
• Examples of Database Applications
• Limitation of Database Management System
• Exercise: Comparative case study

What is File Management System?
A file management system is a collection of programs that manage and store
data in files and folders in a computer hard disk. A file management system
manages the way of reading and writing data to the hard disk. It is also
known as conventional file system.
This system actually stores data in the isolated files which have their own
physical location on the drive, and users manually go to these locations to
access these files.
Example: data like text, videos, images, audios, etc. in general files.
Data redundancy is high in file management system, and it cannot be
controlled easily.
Data consistency is not met, and the integration of data is hard to achieve.

What is Database Management System?
• The Database Management System or DBMS is an effective or easy way to store
the data, mainly when data maintenance and security are the primary concern
of the user.
• The database management system stores the data or information in the form of
interrelated tables and files.
• In this type of system, data security is maximized using encryption/decryption,
password protection, granting authorized access and others.
• DBMS helps users to easily retrieve, insert, and manipulate data in a database.
• It also helps to perform data recovery, transactions, and many more.
Handling DBMS is difficult than the file system, but it provides more advantages
than a file system.

File System vs. DBMS
File System DBMS
File system is a collection of data. In this system, the user
has to write the procedures for managing the database.
DBMS is a collection of data. In DBMS, the user is not
required to write the procedures.
File system provides the detail of the data representation
and storage of data.
DBMS gives an abstract view of data that hides the
details.
File system doesn't have a crash mechanism, i.e., if the
system crashes while entering some data, then the
content of the file will lost.
DBMS provides a crash recovery mechanism, i.e., DBMS
protects the user from the system failure.
It is very difficult to protect a file under the file system. DBMS provides a good protection mechanism.
File system can't efficiently store and retrieve the data.
DBMS contains a wide variety of sophisticated techniques
to store and retrieve the data.
In the File system, concurrent access has many problems
like redirecting the file while other deleting some
information or updating some information.
DBMS takes care of Concurrent access of data using some
form of locking.

File Management System Database Management System
File System is a general, easy-to-use system to
store general files which require less security and
constraints.
Database management system is used when
security constraints are high.
Data Redundancy is more in file management
system.
Data Redundancy is less in database management
system.
Data Inconsistency is more in file system.
Data Inconsistency is less in database
management system.
Centralisation is hard to get when it comes to File
Management System.
Centralisation is achieved in Database
Management System.
User locates the physical address of the files to
access data in File Management System.
In Database Management System, user is unaware
of physical address where data is stored.
Security is low in File Management System. Security is high in Database Management System.
File Management System stores unstructured data
as isolated data files/entities.
Database Management System stores structured
data which have well defined constraints and
interrelation.

File System Database Management System (DBMS)
1. It is a software system that manages and controls the data files in a
computer system.
1. It is a software system used for creating and managing the databases.
DBMS provides a systematic way to access, update, and delete data.
2. File system does not support multi-user access. 2. Database Management System supports multi-user access.
3. Data consistency is less in the file system. 3. Data consistency is more due to the use of normalization.
4. File system is not secured. 4. Database Management System is highly secured.
5. File system is used for storing the unstructured data. 5. Database management system is used for storing the structured data.
6. In the file system, data redundancy is high. 6. In DBMS, Data redundancy is low.
7. No data backup and recovery process is present in a file system. 7. There is a backup recovery for data in DBMS.
8. Handling of a file system is easy. 8. Handling a DBMS is complex.
9. Cost of a file system is less than the DBMS. 9. Cost of database management system is more than the file system.
10. If one application fails, it does not affect other application in a system. 10. If the database fails, it affects all application which depends on it.
11. In the file system, data cannot be shared because it is distributed in
different files.
11. In DBMS, data can be shared as it is stored at one place in a database.
12. These system does not provide concurrency facility. 12. This system provides concurrency facility.
13. Example: NTFS (New technology file system), EXT (Extended file
system), etc.
13. Example: Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, DB2, Microsoft Access, etc.

Limitations of File-based
• Separation and isolation
• Duplication
• Program & data dependence
• Fixed queries
• Proliferation of application programs

DBMS Environment
• Hardware
– Client-server architecture
• Software
– dbms, os, network, application
• Data
– Schema, subschema, table, attribute
• People
– Data administrator & database administrator
– Database designer: logical & physical
– Application programmer
– End-user: naive & sophisticated
• Procedure
– Start, stop, log on, log off, back up, recovery

Advantages of DBMS
• Centralized Management and Control.
• Reduction of Redundancies and Inconsistencies
• Data Sharing
• Data Integrity
• Data Security
• Data Independence
– Physical data independence
– Logical data independence
• Providing Storage Structures for Efficient Query Processing
• Backup and Recovery
• Some other advantages are:
– Reduced Application Development Time
– Flexibility
– Availability of up-to-date Information
• Control redundancy
• Consistency
• Integrity
• Security
• Concurrency control
• Backup & recovery
• Data standard
• More information
• Data sharing & conflict control
• Productivity & accessibility
• Economy of scale
• Maintenance

Limitations of DBMS
• Complexity
• Size
• Cost
– Software
– Hardware
– Conversion
• Performance
• Vulnerability

Examples of database application
• Computerized library systems
• Automated teller machines
• Flight reservation systems: For reservations and schedule information.
• Inventory management Systems
• Banking: For customer information, accounts, loans and banking
transactions
• Universities: For student information, course registrations and grades.
• Telecommunications: For keeping records of calls made, generating
monthly bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards and storing
information about the communication networks.
• Sales: For customer, product and purchase information in any industry.

Introduction to files and db systems 1.0

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