Prevalence of S. japonicum in Gonzaga Cagayan

1. Prevalence ofPrevalence of
Schistosoma japonicumSchistosoma japonicum
infectioninfection
in Barangay Magrafil,in Barangay Magrafil,
Gonzaga, CagayanGonzaga, Cagayan

3. Schistosoma japonicum eggSchistosoma japonicum egg

7. Significance of the studySignificance of the study
•aid in the evaluation of the spread of schistosomiasisaid in the evaluation of the spread of schistosomiasis
•updating the recent status regarding the prevalenceupdating the recent status regarding the prevalence
of schistosomiasisof schistosomiasis
•contribute to the development of a new strategy incontribute to the development of a new strategy in
the control ofthe control of schistosomiasisschistosomiasis

8. Scope and Limitations
•Kato-Katz technique in triplicate
•Formalin-Ether concentration technique (FECT) for the
identification of helminthic eggs and other protozoan
cysts
•did not include the malacological and animal infection
aspect

9. Conceptual framework
Age
Before entry to school
(0-6 years old)
School age children
(7-13 years old)
Young adults
working in the field
(14-35 years old)
Adults
(>35 years old)
Gender
(Male, Female)
Occupation
(Student, Housewife,
Farmer,etc.)
Prevalence of
Schistosoma
japonicum
infection
Figure 1: Factors affecting S.japonicum infection including age, gender and

10. Research Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference
between
S. japonicum infection and the different
demographic factors such as age, gender and
occupation.

11. Collection of stool sample
with Barangay Health
Workers
Collection of stool sample
with Barangay Health
Workers
Formalin Ether Concentration
Technique
Formalin Ether Concentration
Technique
Questionnaire handed out to
participants
Questionnaire handed out to
participants
Kato-Katz technique in
triplicate
Kato-Katz technique in
triplicate
Statistical Analysis
(Fisher’s Exact Test)
Statistical Analysis
(Fisher’s Exact Test)
Gathering of resultsGathering of results
Random Sampling
(Masterlist provided by the
Municipal Health Office)
Random Sampling
(Masterlist provided by the
Municipal Health Office)
Seek approval and consent of
Municipal Health Office
Seek approval and consent of
Municipal Health Office
Methodology

12. Methodology
Board
Template
Diameter Amount of
stool
EPG= count x
factorThickness Hole
Diameter
1.5mm 6.0mm 41.7mg EPG= count x 24
Organism Light Intensity Moderate
Intensity
Heavy Intensity
Schistosoma
japonicum
1-99 epg 100-399 epg ≥400 epg

13. Results and Discussion
Results
Number of Positive
Stool samples
Positive 19
Negative 60
Total 79
Prevalence Rate 24.05%
Table 1.
Presence of S. japonicum eggs using Kato Katz-technique

14. Results and Discussion
Demographic Factor Frequency Percent
Age 26.8 (Mean)
Gender
Male 44 55.7 %
Female 35 44.3 %
Occupation
Farmer 36 45.6 %
Student 22 27.8 %
Housewife 21 26.6 %
Table 2.
Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents according
to demographic factors (age, sex, and occupation)

15. Results and Discussion
le 3.
quency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to age group
Age Groups FECT Kato-Katz
Positive Negative p-value Positive Negative p-
value
0 to 6 years old 1 (14.29%) 9 (12.5%) 0.4102 2 (10.52%) 8 (13.33%) 0.2244
7 to 13 years old 3 (42.86%) 13
(18.06%)
7 (36.8%) 9 (15.0%)
14 to 35 years
old
2 (28.57%) 25
(34.72%)
4 (21.05%) 23
(38.33%)

16. Results and Discussion
•Age grouping to reflect age specific activities and exposure
(Olveda, et.al, 1996)
•No significant difference between age and S. Japonicum
infection
•Exposure variation
•Similar trend of positive results – study by Olveda and
colleagues (2010)

17. Results and Discussion
ble 4.
quency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to gender
Gender FECT Kato-Katz
Positive Negative p-value Positive Negative p-
value
Male 4 (57.14%) 40 (55.56%) 1.000 12
(63.16%)
32 (53.33%) 0.598
Female 3 (42.86%) 32 (44.44%) 7 (36.84%) 28 (46.67%)
Total 7 72
19
60

18. Results and Discussion
•No significant difference between gender and S. japonicum
infection
• Agricultural activity of both males and females (Census of
Agriculture, 2002)
•Study by Huang
•equivocal relationship in gender
•culturally variable
•subjected to other influence

19. le 5.
quency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to occupation
Occupation FECT Kato-Katz
Positive Negative p-
value
Positive Negative p-value
Farmer 3 (42.86%) 33 (45.83%) 0.688 10 (52.63%) 26 (43.33%) 0.1688
Student 3 (42.86%) 19 (26.39%) 7 (36.84%) 15 (25.0%)
Housewife 1(14.29%) 20 (27.78%) 2 (10.52%) 19 (31.67%)
Total 7 72 19 60

20. Results and Discussion
•No significant difference in occupation and S. japonicum
infection
•Higher prevalence among farmers due to occupational hazzard
(Leonardo et.al., 2012)
•Students and housewives engaging in domestic activities

21. Results and Discussion
Parasites Number of respondents
Ascaris lumbricoides 15
Hookworm 11
Trichuris trichiura 5
Table 6.
Other parasites seen among the
respondents

22. •Mean Age:26.8
•Gender distribution: 44 males 35 females
•Occupation: farmer, student, housewife
•Prevalence rate= 24.05% (Kato-Katz technique)
•19 positive stool samples
•no association with the demographic factors
•Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris truchiura, and hookworm
were also noted

23. •larger sample sizelarger sample size
•Can include malacological and animal infectionCan include malacological and animal infection
aspectaspect
•Microscopic analysis of suspected infected watersMicroscopic analysis of suspected infected waters

24. Gian Austin R. Angeles
Lance Angelo A. Arguelles
Roice Angel C. Caguioa
Henrick Ryan C. Fong
Anne Mari Clare D. Gan
Jenice Joy B. Garcia
Jaira Lyn D.J. Mauhay
Edilberto P. Manahan
T h a n k y o u !T h a n k y o u !