2. Elements
Elements are basic substances which
cannot be further broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
methods.*115 elements (91 occur
naturally, 24 made artificially by
scientists)Classified by properties (ie.
metal or nonmetal)
Atom - Smallest part of an element that
can exist as a stable entity. Represented
by symbols.
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3. Compounds are pure substances which
are formed when 2 or more elements
chemically combine.
•Compounds cannot be separated by
physical means - only by chemical
reactions.
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4. Mixtures
A mixture contains more than
one substance (elements
and/or compounds.)
•Mixtures can be physically
separated.
•Composition is mixed and
properties are those of the
individual elements
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5. Separating Mixtures
•If a solid substance is soluble it
will dissolve when added to a
liquid and form a solution. The
liquid is called the solvent and
the dissolved solid is called the
solute.
•If a solid substance is insoluble
it does not dissolve in liquid.
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7. Pour mixture into a
funnel containing
filter paper. The
residue (solid) is
trapped in the filter
paper while the
filtrate (liquid)
passes through it
into a collection
container below.
Filtering
9. Evaporation is good if a
solid has been
dissolved in a solvent
and can't be filtered or
decantation .Slowly
heat the mixture until
the solvent has been
completely evaporate
and leaves the solid
behind.
Evaporating
10. This is a process that
uses the sun to
evaporate salt from
brine. Brine is a
supersaturated
solution which contains
as much salt as it can
dissolve. When the
water is evaporated
the salt crystallizes.
Crystallisation
n
11. A separating funnel
is used to separate
liquids that are
immiscible (liquids
that don't mix). The
lower layer can be
released by
opening the tap.
Simple
Distillation