Intelligent transport system is a system which are used to decrease the problem of traffic congestion and also to improve the safety of the road users.

1. Prepared by :
Aniket Bhola 170280713003
L. D. College of Engineering
Subject : Advances in Transportation Engineering (2721313)
Guided by : Prof. R. N. Shukla
Associate Professor
Civil Engineering Department
L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad
Topic : Transportation Network Operation
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M.E. SEM II (Transportation Department)

2. Content
• Sensing Technology
• Roadway sensor
• Environmental sensor
• Bluetooth
• RFID
• Smart card
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3. Sensing Technology
• Sensing technology for intelligent transport system (ITS) are vehicle and
infrastructure based network system.
• Pavement loops are used to detect the presence of vehicle at road intersection.
• The presence of pedestrian waiting to cross a roadway is detected by pressure
pad.
• Majorly two types of sensors can be used are:
• Roadway sensor
• Environmental sensor
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4. Roadway sensor
• It is provided along with the road to detect
the presence of vehicles.
• Inductive loop: it is mainly a copper wire
embedded in the road surface in the shape
of loop.
• The loop is connected to a road side
cabinet through a lead-in cable which
allow electronic equipment to monitor the
magnetic field and changes in induction as
vehicle passes over the loop as shown in
figure.
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5. Roadway sensor
• Magnetometer: the device are like small
pencil cylindrical probes which are placed
vertically in or beneath the road surface.
• They measure change in earth’s magnetic field
as a vehicle passes over them to detect the
presence of vehicle.
• Video image processing(VIP): it makes use
of the images provided by video cameras
installed near the roadway.
• Closed circuit television(CCTV) camera: it
is useful in continuous monitoring of traffic
flow.
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6. Environmental sensor
• Atmospheric sensor: It measures weather related data like wind
speed, air temperature, humidity and visibility.
• Road surface sensor: It measures temperature as well as information
with respect to road surface such as wet or dry, presence of chemicals,
presence of snow, ice etc.
• Sub-surface sensor: It measures the temperature at different depths in
the subsurface directly below the roadway.
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7. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Technology
• RFID technology is an IT system that transmits signals wirelessly, without
the presence of physical gadgets.
• The technology is applied in the transport sector to perform various tasks
such as vehicle or product identification during transportation, security,
safety and operations.
• The system works using a tag that is placed on the vehicle or product to be
tracked. The tag carries information of the vehicle or product identity and
location that is transferred to the wireless reader.
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8. RFID vehicle identification system
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9. • Low Frequency (LF) RFID
• frequencies from 30 KHz to 300 KHz.
• This frequency band provides a short read range of 10 cm, and has slower
read speed than the higher frequencies, but is not very sensitive to radio
wave interference.
• High-Frequency (HF) RFID
• The HF band ranges from 3 to 30 MHz
• Read ranges between 10 cm and 1 m. HF systems experience moderate
sensitivity to interference.
• Ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID
• frequency band covers the range from 300 MHz to 3 GHz.
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10. RFID system further classified into active, passive and battery-assisted
system.
 Active RFID system:
• It uses battery powered RFID tags which continuously transmit their own
signals.
• It covers a range of up to 100m.
 Passive RFID system:
• It uses tag with no internal power source, instead they are powered by the
electromagnetic energy transmitted from an RFID reader.
• It used for less than 10m.
 Battery-assisted passive(BAP) system:
• it uses energy from the RFID reader’s signal to power on the tag’s chip,
BAP tag use an integrated power source to active the chip.
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11. Bluetooth
• It is an accurate and inexpensive way to measure travel time and analyse
origin and destination pattern of the traffic.
• Bluetooth with a short wavelength used wireless system to communicate
between electronic devices like mobile, computers etc.
• The Bluetooth based road sensors are able to compute travel time and
provide data for origin and destination matrices.
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12. Smart card system
Types of smart card are
• Contact card: It works as soon as it touch's, swipe or tapped in the
card reader.
• Contactless card: In this type reader can read card from certain
distances without making a physical contact.
• Hybrid card: It allows the cheap to work in both contact and
contactless card.
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