Design and analysis of flexible pavement

1. PROJECT ON
Design and Analysis of Flexible Pavement
Schoolof ManagementSciences
(SMSInstituteof Technology)
Lucknow
Prepared by:-
Anshuman Ojha – 1742300006
Deepanshu Pandey – 1742300007
Devesh Kumar Chaurasia – 1742300008
Himanshu Gautam – 1742300009

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
PROJECT LOCATION
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF PAVEMENT
LEVELLING
SOIL TESTS
LAYERS OF PAVEMENT
DESIGN AND ANALSIS OF FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT
COST & ESTIMATION
PLANT OVERVIEW

3. PROJECT LOCATION

4. ROAD
DIMENSIONS
Total Length of Road =
750meter
Road width= 3.7meter

5. INTRODUCTION
What is a ROAD ?
A road is a thoroughfare, route,or
way on land between two places
that has been paved or otherwise
improved to allow travel by foot or
some form of conveyance,
including a motor vehicle, cart,
bicycle, or horse etc.
PAVEMENT
A structure consisting of
superimposed layers of processed
materials above the natural soil
subgrade, whose primary function is
to distribute the applied vehicleloads
to the sub-grade.

6. TYPES OF PAVEMENT
There are two types of pavementas
follows:
1.Flexible Pavements: Flexible
pavement can be defined as the
one consisting of a mixture of
asphaltic or bituminousmaterial
and aggregates.
2.Rigid Pavements: A rigid
pavement is constructed from
cement concrete or reinforced
concrete slabs.

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FLEXIBLE AND RIGID
PAVEMENT

8. Properties Flexible Rigid
Design
Principle
Empirical method
Based on load distribution
characteristics.
Designed and
analyzed by using the
elastic
theory
Material Granular material Made of Cement
Concrete reinforced
or pre stressed
concrete
Excessive
Loading
Local depression Causes Cracks
Design
Practice
Constructed in number of
layers
Laid in slabs with
steel reinforcement
Opening to
Traffic
Road can be used for
traffic
within 24 hours
Road cannot be used
until 14 days of curing
Stress Transmits vertical and
compressive stresses to
Tensile Stress and
Temperature

9. LEVELLING
AUTO LEVEL: An auto level is similar to the dumpy
level, with its telescope fixed to the tribrach.
For more precise leveling of the instrument a
spirit level is attached to the telescope. It is used to
measure the reduced level of any plane. Using the
formula :
Height of the Instrument = Back sight+ Reduced Level
i.e. HI = BS + RL
Here, considering BM= 100

12. PROPOSED
METHODOLOGY
To meetthe abovementioned objectivesof the presentstudy,
following stepsare adopted:
1.WehaveusedCalifornia BearingRatioMethod for designing the
Flexible Pavement.With the helpof this method wehave found the
thicknessof pavement.
2.TheCodesfor designingof flexible pavementusedareIRC
37:2001– (Guidelinesfor the Designof Flexible),IS: 20:2007.
3.Theinstruments usedareAuto level, PrismaticCompassfor survey
work.
4.TheHeight of InstrumentMethod isusedfor levelingpurpose
of the ground surface.
5.Mid SectionalArea Method isusedfor Estimatingthe
earthwork

13. TESTS
There are several types of tests which are as
follows:
1. CBR Test
2. Sieve Analysis
3. Dry Density Test
4. Bitumen Test

14. DEFINITION OF C.B.R. :-
It is the ratio of force per unit area required to penetratea soil
mass with standard circular piston at the rate of 1.25
mm/min. to that required for the corresponding penetration
of a standard material.
C.B.R. =Test load/Standard load X 100
The same samples were further tested for CBR using Static
Compaction with 56blows by standard rammer of 2.6 kg.
1. CBR TEST

15. APPARATUS

16. R
E
A
D
I
N
G
S
G
R
A
P
H

17. CALCULATION

18. 2. Sieve
Analysis
S . no Sieve
no
mm)
Wt.
Ret.
(kg)
%Wt.
Ret.
Cum %
Wt
retain
%
Passin
g
JHF
(BC)
1 19.5 0 0 0 100 100
2 13.2 .350 3.681 3.681 96.319 99.60
3 9.5 2.056 21.628 25.309 74.691 87.98
4 4.75 3.954 41.594 66.903 33.097 58.80
5 2.36 1.496 15.737 82.64 17.36 44.28
6 1.18 1.65 17.357 99.997 .003 34.48
7 Total 9.506

19. 3. Maximum Dry Density Test
Test pits were excavated
Maximum dry density (MDD) corresponding optimum
moisture content (OMC) were determined using standard
compaction method and modified method in accordance
with IS:10074:1987, BIS 270 (Part-VIII)

21. 4. Bitumen Test

22. PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN
Bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid
or semi-solid form of petroleum.
It may be found in natural deposits or may be a
refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the
20th century, the term asphalt was also used
It consists chiefly high molecular weight
hydrocarbons derived from distillation of petroleum
or natural asphalt.
Bitumen is often confused with Tar.
Tars are resides from the destructive distillation of
organic substances such as coal, wood, or

23. TYPYCAL LAYERS OF
FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT

24. Seal Coat: The seal coat has to be provided which is
a thin surface treatment used to water-proof the
surface and to provide skid resistance.
Tack Coat: It coat is very light application of asphalt,
usually asphalt emulsion diluted with water. It must be
thin, uniformly cover the entire surface, and set very
fast.
Prime Coat: Prime coat provides bonding between
two layers which penetrates into the layer below,
plugs the voids, and forms a water tight surface.
That’s why both prime coat and tack coat has to be
provided. They both have different functions.

25. Surface course
Surface course is the layer directly in contact with
traffic loads and generally contains superiorquality
materials. They are usually constructed with dense
graded asphalt concrete(AC).
Binder course
This layer provides the bulk of the asphalt concrete
structure. It's chief purpose is to distribute load tothe
base course The binder course generally consists of
aggregates having less asphalt and doesn't require
quality as high as the surface course, so replacing a
part of the surface course by the binder course results
in more economical design.

26. Base course
The base course is the layer of material immediately
beneath the surface of binder course and it provides
additional load distribution and contributes to the sub-
surface drainage It may be composed of crushed stone,
crushed slag, and other untreated or stabilized materials.
Sub-Base course
The sub-base course is the layer of material beneath the
base course and the primary functions are to provide
structural support, improve drainage. A sub-base course is
not always needed or used.
Sub-grade
The top soil or sub-grade is a layer of natural soilprepared
to receive the stresses from the layers above. It is essential
that at no time soil sub-grade is overstressed. It should be
compacted to the desirable density, near the optimum
moisture content.

27. Design of a Flexible
Pavement:
A Flexible Pavement of 750meters patch is being
designed in accordance with the charts in IRC37-2012.
With reference to the Geotechnical tests and traffic
survey performed, the important parameters andtheir
values are determined, & on that basis, the design of
the pavement isdone.
Though, the available width is taken as 4.5 meters, in
which the carriageway width is taken as 3.7 metersand
shoulders on the either side of the road as 1.00meters,
and also the provision of the side drains is made as
well.

28. Computation of Design
Traffic
The design traffic is considered in terms of the cumulative
number of standard axles(in the lane carrying maximumtraffic)
to be carried during the design life of the road. This can be
computed using the following equation:-
N = 365 x [ (1+r)n – 1]x Ax D x F/r
Where,
N = Cumulative number of Standard axles to be catered in the
design in terms of use.
A =Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction in
day.
terms of the number of commercial vehiclesper
D =Lane distribution factor
R=Annual growth rate of commercial vehicles
F=Vehicle damage factor
N =Design life in years

30. Design
Data
1.)According to the test results, the C.B.R. value of the
sub-grade soil is found to be =2.93 %
2.) Traffic Vehicle per Day is assumed to be 100CVPD.
3.) Traffic growth rate, to be taken as2%.
4.) Vehicle Damage Factor, for plain terrain = 3.5
5.) Design Life =10 Years.
6.) Distribution Factor = 0.75
7.) Single Lane Road.

31. So the Flexible Pavement thickness according to
IRC 37-2012 for 1.05 msa is 635mm.

32. ESTIMATION AND
COSTING
S.N
o
Particulars Length
(m)
Broa
d
(m)
Depth
(m)
Quantity
(cum)
Rate
(Rs)
Amount
1 Subgrade Lime
Stabilization for
Improving
subgrade
750 4.5 0.335 1130.625 157 177,508.125
2 Granular Sub
Base with Coarse
Graded Material
750 4.5 0.225 759.375 719 545,990.625
3 Base coarse
Bituminous
Macadam
750 3.7 0.050 138.75 799 110,861.25
4 Surface coarse
Bituminous
Macadam
750 3.7 0.025 69.375 6808 472,305
5 Total Cost 13,06,665

33. PLANT
OVERVIEW
 For the construction of bitumen concrete pavement there is
requirement of mix plant which ready the material for
laying the pavement.
Types of Plant :
1.Batch Mix Plant
2.Drum Mix Plant
We’ll use DRUM MIX PLANT for mixing the materials.

34. DRUM MIX
PLANT
 The name of the plant is DRUM MIX 5O.
 In this there is a cylindrical drum in which mixing is done.

36. PLANT
 Water Pump
 Gathering Conveyer
 Slinger Conveyer
 Drum
 Load out Conveyer
Exhauster
Feeder
Bitumen Tank
Temperature Gun

37. MACHINES USED FOR THE
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
BACK HOE LOADER

38. V
I
B
R
A
T
O
R
Y
R
O
L
L
E
R
BITUMENS
P
R
A
Y
E
R