The document discusses prototyping in a SCRUM environment. It defines prototyping as an early sample or model used to test concepts and processes. In SCRUM, prototypes are used to identify requirements through requirements elicitation and validation. Different types of prototyping are used depending on needs, including throwaway prototyping, evolutionary prototyping, and rapid design and visualization prototyping. Prototypes help gather requirements, bring concepts to life for stakeholders, and reduce project risks.

1. Prototyping in a SCRUM environment
Sid B. Dane
SCRUM Ready Team
June 21 and September 30, 2011

2. Purposes and objectives of this document
Purpose Target audience
• To help people understand: • Business stakeholders to
– what prototyping can contribute to the convince that the solution chosen
project; is the right one;
– understand the different forms of
prototype and which one to use;
• Business analysts to get
– who does the prototyping. requirements clear;
• Developers to have a
unambiguous idea of the working
Objectives
of the product.
• Use prototyping:
– for the right purpose;
– in the right way;
– more often!
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 2

3. What is prototyping?
A prototype is an early sample or
model built to test a concept or
process or to act as a thing to be
replicated or learned from.
πρῶτος τύπος = protos typos = first impression
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 3

4. Use of prototypes in our SCRUM process
• We use prototypes to identify requirements;
– Requirements elicitation. Users can experiment with a prototype to
see how the system supports their work;
– Requirements validation. The prototype can reveal errors and
omissions in the requirements.
• We use prototypes for complex concepts in interaction and user
interface;
• Prototyping can be considered as a risk reduction activity which reduces
requirements risks.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 4

5. Prototyping in the software process
Evolutionary prototyping Throw-away prototyping
An approach to system development where A prototype which is usually a practical
an initial prototype is produced and refined implementation of the system is produced
through a number of stages to the final to help discover requirements problems
system and then discarded. The system is then
developed using some other development
process
Customer Value prototyping
An innovative methodology used to
accelerate technology enabled projects
and enable business confidence to prove
Rapid Design And Visualization
that a solution can fulfil business
requirements ahead of full implementation. Prototyping to visualize ideas, discover
Involves the creation of key business requirements and define scope. This is
scenarios for complex business issues done in one or more sessions with the
into a working prototype, brings a Stakeholders. The prototype is updated
technology solution to life for key during these sessions to improve
stakeholders and all within a time-boxed effectiveness of it.
environment.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 5

6. Different prototype variants depend on needs
gather Throw little work,
requirements away small scope
prototyping
Evolutionary
prototyping
Rapid Design and
Visualization
bringing more work,
concepts Customer Value Prototyping broad scope
to life
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 6

7. Prototyping in the SCRUM process
pregame sprint endgame
RDV
Under Ready for Ready for
New Poker done In sprint Completed Released
analysis poker sprint
throw away PT
evolutionary PT
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 7

8. Managing expectations
• You need to make sure that the stakeholders have the correct idea
when they see or review the prototype. You don’t want them to think
that the project is almost ready. It’s just a prototype.
– Lo-fi prototypes
• Use when designs are not definite;
• Use when you need to focus on scenarios and flow;
• Helps your thinking process, without distractions;
– Hi-fi prototypes
• When you need to convince stakeholders;
• When designs are (almost) done;
• If you’re adjusting existing functionality; Concept car
(movie clip)
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 8

9. The result
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 9

10. Prototyping in the pregame
• Prototypes generally are:
– Identified during T-shirt estimation sessions;
– Selected during start of requirements gathering process
• Prototyping for 4 specific reasons:
– Get requirements clear (throw away prototyping)
– Iteratively think and build (evolutionary prototyping)
– Focus on and discover customer needs in multi disciplinary teams
(customer value prototyping)
– Visualize concept with stakeholders (rapid design and visualization)
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 10

11. Prototype Tooling
• Adobe AIR
• JustProto
• Axure
• Adobe Flash Catalyst
• Plain HTML
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 11

12. Prototype Tooling: Adobe AIR
Quick layout
because of
large library of
components.
Easy to apply
behaviors.
Easily
distributable
and has auto-
update
possibilities of
the prototype.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 12

13. Prototype Tooling: JustProto
Create
clickable
wireframes.
Limited
behavioral
functions.
Online, so
working with
team and
distribution
(collaboration)
is easy.
Can export to
HTML.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 13

14. Prototype Tooling: Axure
Create
clickable
wireframes.
Better
behavioral
functions.
Can export to
HTML.
Can generate
documentation
in PDF.
Nice feature to
add comments.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 14

15. Prototype Tooling: Adobe Flash Catalyst
Create
clickable
wireframes.
Better
behavioral
functions.
Can export to
HTML.
Can generate
documentation
in PDF.
Nice feature to
add comments.
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 15

16. Prototype Tooling: Plain HTML
Example: ReAura
skin assessment
SCRUM Ready Team, Sid B. Dane, June 21 and September 30, 2011, Prototyping 16