Workforce Planning And Employment Tanglewood Case 7

Workforce Planning and Employment Tanglewood Case 7
Management 364 A, Workforce Planning and Employment Case 7 Personnel selection and assessment activities are integral parts of this organizational
life. Tanglewood's economic climate has seen an ever increasing level of staff turnover and personnel reorganization, and the abolition of the
traditional view keeping a 'a job for life. Consequently, there is now more pressure on this organizations and HR managers to fill vacant positions
quickly and with the most appropriate individuals. Decisions about hiring applicants have to be based on predictions about future work behaviors.
Tanglewood needs to recruit new staff and start making promotion decisions about employees, there are various methods of assessment that are
available, such as:... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In assessing the resumes from job applicants for store manager, I decided to score the documents on the basis of very specific information. I gave
points according to certain qualities that the candidate may or may not possess. It was important that each item to be score was related directly to
the KSAO's required for the position of store manager. There were possible 11 points given on the resume using the chart from (Tanglewood Appendix
A,). DEPARTMENT MANAGER TASKS KSAOS SPECIFIC TASKS TASK DIMENSIONS IMPORTANCE (% TIME SPENT) NATURE
IMPORTANCE TO TASKS (1
–5 RATING) Manage the department to increase sales and ensure efficiency. Coordinate department activities with the
store's policies, in consultation with assistant store manager. Implement special promotions, displays and events. A. Planning and coordination 30%
Knowledge of organizational policies and practices Skill in judgment and decision making Ability to think develop original solutions within prescribed
parameters 5 3 3 Analyze sales figures and forecast inventory needs for future periods Ensure quality, customer service, and health and safety standards
are met for the department. Enforce safety,
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Selection and Recruitment
EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
CRITICALLY EVALUATE VARIOUS SCREENING AND SELECTION METHODS AND RECOMMEND A SCREENING AND SELECTION
PROGRAMME FOR YOUR DEPARTMENT
This paper will critically evaluate and explore the key tools and techniques that are used in selection and recruitment process by the organizations.
Organizations have infact, a vast range of tools to consider in screening and selecting a workforce. This paper will analyze the theoretical principles
behind the relevant screening and selection method and then apply the theories to the Jandal Air Call Centre. The first section of this paper defines and
describes the key concepts of validity, predictive validity, utility and reliability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Predictive validity is the ability of a measure to predict future job performance (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998). Low validity refers to validity in the range
of about 0.00 to 0.15. Moderate validity corresponds to validity in the range of about 0.16 to 0.30 and high validity is 0.31 and above (Heneman &
Judge, 2006).
The Validity and Utility of Selection Methods
Schmidt and Hunter (1998) pointed out that the most important element of any personnel assessment method is predictive validity, which is the ability
to predict future job performance, job–related learning and other criteria. According to Schmidt & Hunter (1998), the predictive validity coefficient is
directly proportional to the practical economic value which is also called utility of the assessment method. The research on personnel psychology
conducted within 85years revealed that the validity of measures of 19 different selection methods are used in decision making on hiring, training and
development assignments. However, some of these procedures work well and some do not work well.
Determinants of Practical Value (Utility) of Selection Methods
Validity of a hiring model and the variability of job performance are the determinants of its practical value which is the utility Schmidt and Hunter,
(1998). Furthermore, it says that at one extreme, if the variability is zero, then all applicants would have the same level of

Physical Ability Tests For Industrial And Organizational...
Physical ability tests will commonly use various tasks or exercises requiring physical ability in order to test performance (Society for Industrial and
Organizational Psychology [SIOP], 2016). An assessment of physical ability may be necessary for some jobs, and the relation between physical
ability and job performance is of particular interest. For example, a police officer or firefighter that has limited mobility may find it difficult to
perform basic tasks required of the job. Firefighters have to carry heavy equipment, and sometimes people, in situations that can be quite hazardous,
such as a burning building. Police often are required to actively pursue, defend, and/or apprehend fleeing suspects (Cohen, Swerdlik, & Sturman, 2013).
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would also have the added benefit of preventing or minimizing risk of injury to employees or others, save on medical costs, and workers
compensation costs. Another major advantage of physical ability tests is that they are not influenced by any attempt of the test taker to fake a response
or try to use impression management (SIOP, 2016). Slide 4– Limitations As with most tests, along with the many advantages, there are also limitations
to physical ability tests. These are important to know since knowledge of them may help to mitigate their impact when testing for physical ability.
Physical ability tests are generally more apt to display different results based on gender than most other types of tests (SIOP, 2016). This will be
discussed in more detail a little later in the presentations. A possible limitation with physical ability tests is that issues may occur in employee selection
if the test is used to diagnose medical conditions, rather than just actual ability to perform a job–related task (SIOP, 2016). This is true of most tests
though, since how a test is used is usually as important as choosing the right test. Some physical ability tests can be relatively expensive, depending on
the type, and may require certain kinds of equipment or tools, as well as proper administration of the test (SIOP, 2016). These types of tests can also
require

Bilingualism And Dementia Essay
Does bilingualism delay the onset of dementia?
Kristine Davies
The Wykeham Collegiate
2015
Life Science
One Research Task
Table of contents
1.)Introduction....................................................................... 3
2.)Literature Review............................................................... 4–8
3.)Process of findings.............................................................. 9–12
4.)Conclusion........................................................................ 12
5.)Bibliography....................................................................... 13
1. Introduction
Bilingualism is a person's ability to speak two or more languages fluently. Initially it was believed that bilingualism had negative effects on an
individual's intelligence and speech and it was thought that the knowledge of multiple languages would complicate one's thought processing rather than
improve its functioning. This theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2012, 31 October. The Cognitive Benefits of Being Bilingual. Available at: http://dana.org [Accessed on 26 March 2015]
Michelon, P. 2006. What are Cognitive Abilities and Skills, and How to Boost Them? Available at: http://sharpbrains.com/blog/2006/12/18
/what–are–cognitive–abilities/. [Accessed on 28 March 2015]
Rivas, A. 2014. Speaking 2 Languages Slows Onset of Dementia, Even if You Became Bilingual In Adulthood. Available at: http:/
/www.medicaldaily.com/speaking–2–languages–slows–onset–dementia–even–if–you–became–bilingual–adulthood–285820 [accessed on 29 Jan 2014]
Schweizer, T et al. 2011. Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Elsevier 48(8):
991–996.

Zahodne, L. 2014. Bilingualism Does Not Alter Cognitive Decline or Dementia Risk among Spanish–Speaking. Columbia University, Neurology. New
York.
Schweizer, T et al. 2010. Brain ratios and scores of monolingual and bilingual patients. Pg.994. Table.2 Toronto, University of Toronto
Bialystok, E. 1999. Mean number correct (and mean SD) in card sort task for postswitch and knowledge items. Pg.641.

Theoretical Underpinnings Of Intelligence Assessments
Whether or not intelligence tests are effective tools to assess intelligence is controversial. Yet, it is important that special educators know about the
usefulness and limitations of the practiced intelligence assessments before planning interventions. Since theories can inform practice, Salvia,
Ysseldyke, and Bolt (2013) introduce a model for assessing cognitive aspects of students by describing the theoretical underpinnings of the recent
assessment of intelligence, which conceptualized intelligence as both a general ability (g) and as multiple abilities. Moreover, factors that can
influence test performance as well as behaviors that are commonly sampled on these tests have been discussed. Additionally, the authors review
commonly used perceptual – motor tests and shed light on the dilemmas in the current practice.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intelligence tests are psychological tests that meet specific psychometric benchmarks and employs standardized instruments to target cognitive
domains. It aims to measure a wide variety of human behaviors, which will allow specialists to have a uniform way of comparing a person's
performance with that of other people who are similar in age. Therefore, it is important that intelligence tests be reliable, valid and interpreted by
trained examiners in order to provide an idea of a person's intellectual

The Human Brain : A Strong Association Between Age Change...
As humans begin to get older, there is a strong association between age change and the decline of cognition. There are many causes of this decline,
and it often varies highly between individuals based on their lifestyle and physical activity level (Brown AK, Liu–Ambrose T, Tate R, Lord SR, 2009).
This a concern that many individuals have as they start to get older, especially with the media coverage that Alzheimer's disease has been getting.
Degenerate diseases such as Alzheimer's can also be a major cause of cognitive decline and are common in elderly populations. Because of this risk,
there are many who are looking to improve or maintain their cognitive abilities or those of a loved one, as there is an expectation that even in old age,...
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The results from this training on healthy seniors will provide a basis for future applications dealing with Alzheimer's impaired seniors. Studies to date
have generally used two specific measures, episodic memory and executive functioning (Nouchi et al., 2014) (Weinberg, L., Hasni, A., Shinohara, M.,
& Duarte, A., 2014) (Brown, 2009). Episodic memory and Executive functioning are important and measurable cognitive functions of the brain and can
give insight into how well the brain is functioning overall (Nouchi et al., 2014). Episodic memories are autobiographical in nature and are formed with
the medial temporal lobe. Executive functioning is a general term for parts of the brain that handle planning, reasoning, and most importantly, the
working memory.
Previous research by Nouchi et al. (2014) has shown that exercise training has the ability to improve both episodic memory and executive
functioning in elderly people. Weinberg et al., (2014) built on this and demonstrated that even one session of resistance exercise will improve the
episodic memory of any age group. These studies show that episodic memory and executive functioning are both measurable and changeable.
However, both of them use exercise to produce a change, so it is still left to see if memory training has similar effects. I will measure these variables
with a group of tests that are analyzed to provide a comparable composite

Background Of Intelligence Testing During Wwi
Individuals can vary in multiple ways in regards to their personalities, mental abilities, emotional reactions, skill sets, etc. (Bauer & Erdogan,
2012). These differences in people are referred to as individual differences (IDs) and have been a significant area of study in Industrial
/Organizational (IO) psychological research due to their presumed effect on work related outcomes (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). However, focus on
IDs greatly declined due to the lack of research supporting the predictive power of IDs in regards to work related variables, such as job performance,
as well as, adverse impact caused by the inappropriate use of ability testing (Daus, 2016; Bauer & Erdogan, 2012). Despite these reasons for the
decline in studying IDs, many arguments exist to support the importance and practicality of once again studying IDs. Rationales for studying IDs are
discussed.
Interest in the study of IDs rose partly due to the introduction of intelligence testing during WWI (Daus, 2016) and the development of the Big Five
model of personality (Barrick, Mount, & Strauss, 1993). When Robert Yerkes introduced intelligence testing into the selection procedures used by the
military, it allowed the military to efficiently and accurately place recruits into the appropriate positions based on their cognitive ability scores (Kevles,
1968). After the war ended, intelligence testing became much more commonplace in public areas outside of the military, such as schools, immigration
offices, and

Essay On The Secret To Staying Mentally Sharp In Later Life
The Secret to Staying Mentally Sharp in Later Life
Aging and its concomitant physical and mental deterioration is an inevitable part of life. One of the most prominent changes accompanying old age is
a decline in mental abilities (e.g., learning and memory, processing speed, visual and auditory perception) in association with a degenerating brain size
(Costandi, 2017). A wealth of research has suggested that age–related cognitive decline begins relatively early in adulthood–as early as the third decade
of life (Salthouse, 2009). In opposition to this substantial body of empirical results, there are numerous assertions arguing that cognitive decline begins
later in life (fifties to seventies) (Salthouse, 2009). It is evident by these two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, some age–resistant cognitive abilities such as language, vocabulary, or any well–practiced skill show very little decline, if any, since they are
strengthened by consistent use throughout life (Howieson, 2015). Many studies over the years have sought after an explanation of the factors
responsible for an accelerated age–related cognitive decline. Results point at genetic factors and certain lifestyle choices such as, diet, increased body
weight, and increased alcohol intake being associated with a faster cognitive decline in old age, but recent research has suggested that these factors
account for only a small portion (Constandi, 2017). It appears that other factors are more reliable in predicting mental sharpness later in life; one such
factor is childhood intelligence (Constandi, 2017). Dreary, Whiteman, Starr, Whalley, and Fox (2004) conducted a study on the impact of childhood
intelligence on later life by following up with the participants in the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 (Constandi, 2017). The purpose of the
Scottish Mental Survey of 1932 (SMS1932) was to test the intelligence of all 11–year–olds attending Scottish schools that year to obtain general
information about the intelligence distributed throughout the younger population (Dreary et al., 2004). The Scottish Mental Survey of 1947
(SMS1947) was administered to all 1936–born children due to a concern that the nation's IQ was dropping (Dreary

The Woodcock-Johnson III Test Analysis
General Information The Woodcock–Johnson III (WJIII) test is full battery of tests that when administered together provide a comprehensive,
norm–referenced assessment of specific cognitive abilities, oral language, academic achievements, and general intellectual ability (Blackwell, 2001).
The WJIII authors are Woodcock, McGrew and Mather (2001) and is published by Riverside. The WJIII is the third revision of the original
Woodcock–Johnson Psycho–Educational Battery developed by Richard Woodcock and Mary E. Bonner Johnson (R. W. Woodcock & Johnson, 1977)
and its revision the Woodcock–Johnson Psycho–Educational Battery–Revised (R. W. Woodcock & Johnson, 1989). The Woodcock
–Johnson is
currently in its fourth revision published in 2014... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Woodcock & McGrew, 2001) which covers both the cognitive and achievement batteries, and separate examiner's manuals and examiners training
workbooks published in 2001 for both the cognitive and achievement batteries (Cizek, 2003). And there is the WJIII Clinical Use and Interpretations
book that guides the testing of people with learning disabilities, Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, neuropsychological problems, giftedness,
very young children, and people from different linguistic and cultural settings (Schrank, Flanagan, Woodcock, & Mascolo, 2002). The WJIII COG and
WJIII ACH batteries, standard and extended were separately normed between 1996 and 1999 using the same sample of 8818 participants representative
of 100 geographical and economically diverse communities in the U.S. population (Cizek, 2003). The norm groups was chosen via a three stage
sampling procedure from communities, schools within communities and students within schools. The samples included public and private as well as
home–schooled students, students with disabilities and students that were English language learners (Cizek, 2003). There were 1143 preschool
children (2–5 years old), 4783 children from 6 years old though to 18 year olds, 1165 college and university sample of undergraduates and graduates,
and 1853 subjects in the adult sample (Schrank et al., 2002). The co–norming allows for greater confidence between ability and achievement scores
because the errors introduced by sampling

Non-Cognitive Predictors Of Student Success
Erik Colin
Final Paper
Cognitive ability tests have been used for a long time to predict future performance.
Many different different organizations use these types of tests, for selection in college, for jobs, and the NFL. These tests include the Wonderlic, the
American College Testing Program (ACT), the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), and the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE). The purpose of
these tests is to see if one has the capacity to reason, plan, and solve problems effectively, and this will determine if one if capable, or fit, for a task.
However these tests are flawed and are not good predictors of performance, and have factors it doesn't account for, such as Racial and
Ethnic Differences, and other general environmental factors. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows how even the ones that do well on the tests also feel that they are not good predictors of performance along with others who don't do as
well. There is no racial divide in how people feel about these tests.
Cognitive ability tests are shown to not be reliable predictors of future performance, and for some organizations, prove to be relatively worthless. It is
shown that in certain organizations, such as sport organizations, people who actually don't perform well do better in their career than people who do
well. These tests are not reliable predictors because they don't cover other factors that are actually more significant in affecting and predicting
performance.
This is also due to there being misconceptions due to racial and ethnic differences, with some groups of people do better than others in these tests, but
both end up having similar performances. A majority of people feel that these tests don't predict performance well with no racial differences or scores
on the tests affecting these

Wechsler Intelligence Research Paper
Intelligence Testing in Wechsler's Perspective
The definition of 'Intelligence' has been a long–debated topic, and there have been various theories and perspectives of intelligence to date. As a result,
various intelligence tests and its controversies have surfaced with these perspectives.
One of the Charles Spearman proposed his intelligence tests on general ability, g, dismissing external factors in the contribution of intelligence, and
scoring was determined only by the factor g (Tugoy, 2003). Wechsler disagreed and defined intelligence as the individual's universal ability to "act
purposefully, to reason and to affect his environment" (Kezer & Arik, 2012, p. 2105). In contrast to Spearman'sintelligence tests, which consists only of
cognitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researchers such as Stanovich believe that intelligence tests are unable to measure the different notions of mental capacity. While intelligence tests
take into account cognitive abilities that can be used in the individual's everyday environment, it neglected 'rational thinking' which includes sensible
decision making or goal prioritising (Glenn, 2009). These are important factors which contribute to the cognitive ability of an individual. For example,
a person who scores high on an intelligence test might make poor decisions. The lack of rational thinking, as well as other aspects of cognitive ability,
might affect the individual's life in the same way that the factors measured in these intelligence tests do. It is important to also note that many criticize
intelligence tests for its lack of comprehensive understanding of intelligence, and they argue that many tests emphasise on only one or two aspects of
the concept. However, in recent years, the CHC model, a three stratum test, is generally acknowledged as the foundation for many contemporary
intelligence tests (Kranzler & Floyd, 2013). This shows how intelligence tests have evolved to bridge the gap between its effectiveness and

Review On The Differential Ability Scales
I chose to do my review on the Differential Ability Scales. This particular test appealed to me because it tests children from ages 2 through 17 with
varying developmental levels. Some of the things measured are cognitive abilities, which includes verbal and visual working memory, understanding of
basic number concepts, processing and naming speed, and matching and visual recognition.
The Differential Ability Scales is an individually administered battery of cognitive and achievement tests for children and adolescents aged 2 years, 6
months through 17 years, 11 months. Because the DAS covers such a wide age range, it is divided into three levels: Lower Preschool (ages 2 years, 6
months through 3 years, 5 months), Upper Preschool (aged 3 years, 6 months through 5 years, 11 months), and School–Age (6 years, 0 months through
17 years, 11 months). The DAS was designed to measure specific, definable abilities and to provide interpretable profiles of strengths and weaknesses.
The DAS also contains three achievement tests, co–normed with the cognitive battery, which allows direct ability–achievement discrepancy analysis.
The DAS is considered suitable for use in any setting in which the cognitive abilities of children and adolescents are to be evaluated, although many of
the DAS subtests are not appropriate for students with severe sensory or motor disabilities. (Elliot, P1)
This test is used to determine a child's ability to process complex mental processes. Many factors

The Rip Test: Motivation And Behavioral Science
THE STROOP TEST:
CONCUSSION'S EFFECTS
STUDENT NAME: Sara Corson
STUDENT EMAIL:sec173@scarletmail.rutgers.edu
COURSE NAME:Experimental Methods for the Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
PROFESSOR:Dr. Christina M. Zambrano–Varghese
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 27 April 2015 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT3
INTRODUCTION4
MOTIVATION4
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................5
PROBLEM STATEMENT7
OVERVIEW7
RESEARCH QUESTION(S)/HYPOTHESIS7
OBJECTIVES AND AIMS8
OVERALL OBJECTIVE8
SPECIFIC AIMS8
BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE9
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS10
ETHICS AND HUMAN SUBJECTS ISSUES10
TIMELINE11
BUDGET11
RESULTS12
DISCUSSION12
REFERENCES13

CHARTS/IMAGES14
ABSTRACT
In 1935 John Ridley Stroop first detailed a phenomenom now known as the "Stroop effect." This effect has become ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Post concussion athletes fail to properly use the visual systems of their body effectively. This test was not one that is on the same scale as the
previous tests, but the results and tests conducted were similar to my test, and their conclusion that concussed athletes have affective cognitive
abilities is what this research is focused on, and it is similar to the scale of my research, so this seemed relevant but not conclusive like the other tests
conducted. Another study that would be relevant to include in my proposal was done on the small scale much like mine, making it relevant and
similar, by Blanger, Spiegel and Vanderploeg (2009). All of these studies have touched on what my research proposes, which is comparing people who
have had concussion(s) with people who have not had concussions, but the topic of concussions is so deep that there are more aspects that need to be

Chern's Employee Selection Process
Chern's has set the minimum entrance requirements for the management training program at five years of company experience, a college degree from
an accredited university, and a minimum job performance rating at 3 or higher. Therefore, the multiple hurdle approach should be used for the selection
of the training program candidates for the minimum entrance requirements, company experience, college degree and performance evaluation rating for
the Grand Junction store. The candidates would have met all the minimum entrance requirements before being allowed to continue to the next phase of
the selection process. Any candidates that did not meet the minimum requirements would be eliminated from the remainder of the selection process,
provided feedback... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multiple choice or true/false questions to measure a candidates' attitudes about their moral, honesty, reliability and trustworthiness. Integrity tests do not
lead to adverse impact and are unrelated to a candidates' cognitive ability. When integrity tests are combined with cognitive ability the integrity test will
add validity to the selection process and reduce the adverse impact.
Structured Interviews where the rater is trained to consistently use the same rating scales to evaluate the responses results in a reliable and valid
assessment method and is weighted at .6. Properly implemented structured interviews can reduce adverse impact and annualized turnover.
A background check typically screens a candidates personal and credit information, degrees obtain, character, lifestyle, criminal history and their
general reputation. Organizations in healthcare, financial services and childcare routinely utilize background checks. Drug testing is the most common
medical test used and the reason for the testing is to establish a candidate's ability to perform their job tasks. Employee drug use can cause increased
absences, accidents, errors and healthcare costs and worker's compensation claims, lower employee morale and lead to higher

Summary Of The Wj Iv Cog
Margot completed one session during the course of the assessment. She engaged in friendly conversation between tests and items throughout the
session. Margot was slow to respond to items and frequently corrected herself after answering. After she responded to items, she often responded in a
self–congratulatory manner, regardless of whether she was correct or not. Margot does not seem to be aware of her difficulties.
Margot's overall cognitive abilities are in the Very Low to Low range. This means that only about 3 out of every 100 adults Margot's age would score
the same or lower.
However, when looking at the different abilities that make up the overall score, Margot has a relative strength in the area of using sounds to process
spoken and written language (Phonological Processing). These scores mean that Margot may struggle to have the general knowledge, reasoning ability,
and problem–solving ability necessary to be successful cognitively. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is an individually administered clinical instrument for assessing the intellectual ability of children and adults. The WJ IV COG provides a
composite score that represents general intellectual ability, which is a type of IQ. This test ofintelligence has a mean (i.e., average score) of 100 and a
standard deviation (i.e., measure of variance) of 15. Seven tests are given which broadly tap into different types of cognitive abilities, and each test
contributes to the

Why Ability Assessments Don't Cross Cultures
You Can't Take It With You
Why Ability Assessments Don't Cross Cultures
Patricia M. Greenfield University of California, Los Angeles
A central thesis of this article is that ability tests can be analyzed as items of symbolic culture. This theoretical perspective, based in culturalpsychology
, provides psychological researchers and clinicians with the tools to detect, correct, and avoid the cross–cultural misunderstandings that undermine the
validity of ability tests applied outside their culture of origin. When testers use tests developed in their own culture to test members of a different
culture, testees often do not share the presuppositions about values, knowledge, and communication implicitly assumed by the test. These ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The thesis of this article is that IQ and other ability tests are based on social conventions in each of these three cultural domains. These conventions are
presupposed or assumed by a test and its tester. However, for any test to function successfully, these conventions must also be shared by the participants.
If a test travels, so must the conventions on which it is based. Otherwise, cross–cultural misunderstanding results and validity is compromised. For a
test to travel freely, its foundational conventions must be universally understood by potential participants. In each of the three cultural areas––values,
knowing, and communicating––two or more foundational conventions are discussed. The transportability of cross–cultural tests either for comparative
research or for I thank L. MoniqueWard and JenniferJacobs for their comments on a draft of this article. I give special thanks to StevenLopez for
valuable suggestions concerningrevisions. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Patricia M. Greenfield,Departmentof
Psychology,Universityof California, LosAngeles,CA 90095. Electronicmail may be sent via Internet to greenfield@psych.ucla.edu. 1115
utilitarian practice requires potential universality in each of these areas. However, as I show in this article, this requirement is often not met. Values
and meaning. For a test to travel freely, (a) there must be universal agreement on the value or merit of particular

The Georgia Alternative Assessment
–– Test The Georgia Alternative Assessment (GAA)
–– Type of test A portfolio–based alternative test for students with significant cognitive disabilities
–– Purpose of test It is designed to assess students with significant cognitive disabilities on grade level standards and include these students in school
accountability and general assessments.
–– Who developed the test? The test was developed through a series of committee meetings with Georgia educators who assisted the Georgia
Department of Education in the creation of the Georgia Alternative Assessment
–– What year the test was published (also include information about revised versions) I could not find a published year for this alternative test. The
Georgia Alternative Assessment... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Students with lower functioning capabilities may need more assessment of daily living and functional life skills than standards that are above their
abilities.
2.More time is needed to covering prerequisite activities for the standards. There is a wide range of skills and abilities among students with significant
cognitive skills. These students require more repetition to learn the required standard or to show progress.
3.More instructional materials need to be created to support students with significant cognitive disabilities. Teachers have to design their materials to
match the cognitive abilities of their students. A teacher created assessment can be very time–consuming and does not always match the grade level
standards
4.There is not enough understanding of how to teach grade level standards to a group of students in different grade levels with different disabilities and
capabilities. Teachers need to know how to differentiate instruction to help students learn the test material.
–– Sources of information about the test or instrument
The Georgia Department of Education.

The Job Analysis Of The O * NET System
With the growth in technology, organizations are no longer dependent on the advertisements in the local newspaper to render the perfect candidate
for the job. Social medial has provided a vast array of information in both providing sources and methods in the area of recruitment. One source that
has been proven to be very helpful and used by the federal government as a primary source of information concerning employees is the O*NET
system, occupational information network (Bethel University, 2013). The O*NET system can aid an organization in developing a job description for
any level of employment, in addition to suggesting salary ranges for a particular area. An additional source that could be utilized for any level of job
is a job... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A structured interview could be conducted, providing a predetermined outline where answers of all being interviewed could be compared, and a
panel of peers could be established in order to deliver unbiased opinions. Writing samples could be required, along with letters of recommendation
(Schuman, 2014). In addition, interviews could be conducted by the means of Skype in order to reduce the expense of time and travel,
considering the candidates could be anywhere in the world. Reference checks should be performed to prove the education level, along with
employment history, and drug testing should also be included in the process. Preparing to hire an entry level machine operator would require the
development of a job description, which could be obtained by the use of O*NET, and a job analysis should be created in order to provide specific
expectations of the job (Bethel University, 2013). Sources such as CareerBuilder and indeed could be enlisted to advertise for the open position, in
addition to contacting local trade schools and vocational schools. Many businesses within the Jackson, Tennessee area participate in PIE, partner's in
education. Therefore, local high schools could also be notified of job openings, such as the entry level machine operator. Temporary agencies could
also be enlisted to hire entry level positions, providing a large pool of people

Adolescence And Socioeconomic Status
Adolescence is a time period of crucial development. It is marked by a transition from childhood to a period of a young adult which then leads into
adulthood. With such transitions come an increase in risk of sexual behavior in adolescents. Risk–taking has been proven to increase between
childhood and adolescence and decrease into adulthood. The risk is associated with changes in the socio–economic system of the brain as well as social
factors such as the presence of peers. Physiologically, risk–taking is partially caused by a lack of development in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala
which are both vital parts of the brain responsible for controlling decision–making and social behavior (Steinberg, 2008).
Studies have found that amongst adolescents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One's childrearing attitude is their thought process on certain practices required while raising a child such as discipline. Similar to the self–esteem
assessment, the purpose of the questionnaire is to bring to light possible confounding variables in the mother's environment that could affect the
mother's cognitive ability. The questionnaire would take a maximum of thirty minutes to complete.
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is an automated and one of the most reliable assessment tests on the computer that
helps to evaluate and identify any central nervous system disorders as well as measure various cognitive functions. The areas measured range from
memory, brain function, attention, decision making, and social cognition. CANTAB tests the prefrontal regions of the brain and takes a maximum of
40 minutes to complete. Because the assessment is automated, results are immediately produced (CANTAB).
Procedure (Refer to Figure

Study on Administration Errors for Woodcock-Johnson III...
This study examined administration and scoring errors made by graduate students when administering the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Cognitive
Abilities (WJ III COG). In the past studies have been conducted on graduate student errors made on other assessment of cognitive abilities, such as the
Wechsler Scales. This study's findings were similar to previous studies. The study participants consisted of 36 graduate students who attended aschool
psychology program at a metropolitan university. There were 31 females and 5 males, of which there were 30 Caucasian, 4 Latino, 1 Asian and 1
African–American. All of the students were first year students, enrolled in cognitive assessment courses taught by the same professor (Ramos, 2009,
pp. 653). All students were required to administer the WJ III COG 4 times, first to a classmate, and then 3 more times to volunteers. The first
administration for each student was not considered for the study, which produced 108 testing administrations. These administrations andscores were
then examined by advanced level graduate students taught by the same professor. The instrument used for scoring the administrations was a checklist
first created by Schermerhorn and Alfonso, and was designed to record the frequency and types of errors made during the administration and scoring
of the test (Ramos, 2009, pp. 653). After each of the 108 tests were scored using the checklist, it was found that there were 500 errors made. While the
mean

Race And Intelligence Research Paper
Aaron Downs
Mrs. Behrend
Ap Seminar
14 November 2015
Race and Intelligence
The issue of race and intelligence became prominent in the United States in the late 1960s (Rose 786). While some may argue that race correlates with
the intelligence of a person, this paper will show that this is not the case and there are other factors that may determine one's intelligence. The measure
of intelligence has many influences such as environment, social economics, biased standardized test, stereotypes, and genetics. These factors will be
examined throughout this paper along with providing insight on how standardized tests may be biased toward different races.
Many different environmental influences have been found to shape intelligence. The cognitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a factor called "Stereotype Threat Theory which states that subgroup differences can typically be triggered by making the subgroup aware of the
negative performance stereotype" (Palumbo and Steele–Johnson page#). African American and Latino students enrolled incollege, that are enrolled in
math and science courses score much lower on tests when reminded beforehand of their race or gender. Minorities are notn't the only ones vulnerable
to Stereotype Threat Theory (Paul). We are all vulnerable to stereotypes;, a study on white male math and engineering majors did worse on a math test
when they were told the test was to determine "why Asians appear to outperform other students on tests of math ability" (Paul). By extensive research
and tests conducted on stereotypes and Stereotype Threat Theory it can be concluded that stereotypes have a possible social–psychological brain
mechanism that affects academic testing performance (Palumbo and Steele–Johnson). In order to fall into a stereotype category you need to be able
identify yourself by gender or ethnic group (Hunt and Carlson 195). One of the last factors that maybe influence one's intelligence is

Cognitive Ability Test Paper
Cognitive ability tests differentiate individuals based on their mental rather than physical capacities. Cognitive ability test can be used for hiring
process, if the employer can show that it is related to the job or valid. These tests has adverse impact against African–Americans and Hispanics, and
also on minorities. Educational demography, and labor economics indicates that blacks, and to a lesser extent Hispanics, currently lag behind whites
both in cognitive ability test performance and in the skills needed for success on the job. These gaps are reflected in lower scores on the types of
g–loaded job screens that best predict job success. The combination of well–documented racial differences in cognitive ability and the consistent link

Police Officer Screening
Too Intelligent to be a Police Officer
Hiring and training employees is costly and many employers use screening methods to filter out unsuitable candidates that do not meet the assessment
criteria. In valid selection systems, there is a match between required job abilities and assessed abilities (Kitaeff, 2011). Cognitive ability tests are
widely used in the application screening process and measure how well an individual understands and solves complex problems, applies reasoning to
difficult situations, and thinks abstractly. Many organizations use the Wonderlic Personnel Test to assist in recruiting candidates that fit the behavioral,
learning and problem solving job criteria. According to Kitaeff (2011),"the Wonderlic test provides a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
193). This comment indicates that the New London screening system, based on a minimum and maximum Wonderlic score, is flawed. Intelligence is
frequently cited in police literature as a desirable characteristic (Sanders, 2003) and Jensen argues that individuals with high IQ's have quicker reaction
times and longer memories (as cited in Frederick, 2005, p. ). New London's reasoning that highly intelligent individuals will grow bored and leave the
job indicates that they do not recognize the contributions a smart employee can bring to the position. Police officers often face negative human
behavior and have to do so without emotion, while constrained by law (Dantzker, 2011). A high intelligence does not predict poor performance and the
New London Police Department assessment process is potentially eliminating some well–qualified candidates.
Not Hiring Highly Intelligent Candidates is not Discriminatory
Screening out candidates that fail to meet the threshold of one test within the battery of prescreening tests is not discriminatory. However, The City of
New London is limiting their ability to find policemen and women that have the well–rounded characteristics of an ideal officer. The Wonderlic
Personnel Test is an established part of the application process

Neuropsychological Testing Essay
Neuropsychological testing is used to assess and diagnosis brain impairments, such as a head injury, dementia, or Alzheimer's (Gregory, 1999).
Purposes of neuropsychological assessments include determining if the problem is physiological (e.g., brain damage or lesion), the nature of the
dysfunction (e.g., location or type), and cognitive deficits caused by the problem (Class Notes VIII). For example, following a brain injury, a
neurological battery of tests may be given in order to assess the individual to see if there has been any change in cognitive functioning. Results from
neurological assessments can provide information on the individual's current mental capacities, which allows for the development of a specific
diagnosis and an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Language is one aspect that is examined by the verbal subtests on the WAIS, and there is a measure of receptive language involved in all of the
subtests. Visuospatial and motor abilities are measured by the perceptual reasoning and processing speed subtests on the WAIS (e.g., BD, PC, CD, SS,
and CA). Finally, the WAIS can help examine an individual's ability to form concepts via abstract thinking/reasoning (SI, CO, MR, and BD FW), have
flexibility in cognition (DSB, CD, LNS), mentally manipulate information (DSB, AR), judgment (CO). The WAIS
–III and IV are often used as a part
of neuropsychological testing because these tests can examine the premorbid intelligence of an individual with brain damage (Schoenberg et al., 2002).
This is done by comparing scores via regression formulas by demographic approaches, best current performances, current reading ability, historical
achievement measures, or combining current ability and demographic variable approaches (Schoenberg et al., 2002). However, demographic
approaches alone do not discriminate well between brain–damaged and non–brain damaged individuals. Schoenberg et al. (2002) ran a study to develop
regression algorithms to use demographic variables combined with the WAIS–III subtest scores in order to predict an

Effects Of Short Term Cognitive Training On Episodic...
The Effects of Short Term Cognitive Training on Episodic Memory and Executive Functioning in Healthy Seniors As humans begin to get older, there
is a strong association between age change and the decline of cognition. This a concern that many individuals have as they start to get older, especially
with the media coverage that Alzheimer's disease has been getting. There are many causes of this decline, and it often varies highly between
individuals based on their lifestyle and physical activity level (Brown AK, Liu–Ambrose T, Tate R, Lord SR, 2009). Degenerate diseases such as
Alzheimer's can also be a major cause of cognitive decline and are common in elderly populations. There are many who are looking to improve or
maintain their cognitive abilities or those of a loved one, as there is an expectation that even in old age, one should be as physically and mentally fit as
they can be. The human brain is very adaptive and has the capability to improve functioning even if it has been impaired (Vas, A. K., Spence, J., &
Chapman, S. B. ,2015). I am looking to see if cognitive training can improve these basic brain functions in the elderly. This study will look to find a
way to decrease the consequences of cognitive decline that is either premature or more severe than the natural decline of mental capacity. These
benefits could also apply to the prevention of cognitive decline in younger individuals. I will utilize the gist and cognitive function measuring
techniques of Vas,

The Internet Testing ( Uit )
Unproctored internet testing (UIT) is a test administration medium that involves the administration of pre–employment tests online, without a proctor,
outside of a traditional testing environment (Tippins et al., 2006). Applicants are free to complete the test at their own convenience anywhere they
have internet access. UIT most commonly involves the use of biodata, situational judgment items, and/or personality items to screen out applicants
who are unlikely to be hired (Gibby, Ispas, McCloy, Biga, 2009; Hense, Golden, & Burnett, 2009; Tippins et al., 2006). Although controversial, the
use of UIT for administering cognitive ability tests is gaining in popularity (Connell, Arthur, & Doverspike, 2015), and has been successfully
implemented by some companies (Connell et al., 2015; Gibby et al., 2009). There are many benefits of UIT, both to organizations and applicants,
cited throughout the literature: the ability to cast a wider net for talent, a more diverse applicant pool, reduced screening time, reduced cost (Gibby et
al., 2009; Tippins, 2009; Tippins et al., 2006), and easier enforcement of time limits (Reynolds, Wasko, Sinar, Raymark, & Jones, 2009). Candidate
benefits of UIT include around–the–clock access to assessments, faster responses about the status of applications, standardized delivery, and
consideration of their application independent of source (e.g. without the organization being made aware of the applicant 's race or gender; Gibby et
al., 2009; Tippins et

Ccmh535 R2 Giftedness Exercise Week6
University of Phoenix Material
Assessment of Giftedness
Discuss Gayle's test results with your Learning Team.
Write a 1,050 to 1,400 word paper addressing each of the six questions at the end of this assignment.
Format your paper according to APA guidelines.
Case of Gayle
Gayle began taking piano lessons at age 4. By the time she was 10 years old, she was a proficient pianist, had completed in several statewide youth
piano competitions, and had recently won the prestigious national Chopin Youth Piano Competition. Gayle had already decided that she wants to be a
professional musician. In school, Gayle performs well academically. Her fifth grade teacher believes that Gayle's musical ability as well as her high
level of academic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gayle's score of 55, in creativity, also puts her at the 95th percentile, which means that she scored higher in creativity than 95% of the people who
took this test. Gayle's raw score for musical was 52, which is also well above the minimum requirement of 34. For musical Gayle is at the 98th
percentile, which means only two percent of the people who took the musical test scored higher than she did. According to Gayle's scores in creativity
and musical she easily qualifies for acceptance into the gifted and talented program for gifted students at her school. xxxx be accepted into Gayle's
score Visual or Performing Arts Ability1.Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students (SRBCSS)
2.Display of work in art or music 1.SRBCSS Minimum raw score on one of the following scales:
a.Art Scale = 53
b.Music Scale = 34
c.Dramatics Scale = 48
Creative Thinking Ability Evidence of art display or musical performanceScales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students
(SRBCSS) Minimum raw score of 32 on the Creativity Scale.
5. Based on Gayle's scores, she is not accepted into the gifted and talented program. Why was she not accepted?
6. Write a letter to the Gifted Program Administrator appealing this decision. In your letter, make sure you reference all the relevant assessment about
Gayle, including her academic grades, scores on the assessment instruments (e.g., WJ III ACH, CogAT, and the relevant SRBCSS subtest scores) as

well as

Construct Developed in Psychometrics to Determine...
The g factor, or "general factor", is a construct developed in psychometrics to determine cognitive abilities. It is a variable that summarizes positive
correlations among various cognitive tasks, which demonstrate an individual's performance at one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to
his or her performance at other kinds of cognitive tasks. The g factor typically accounts for 40 to 50 percent of the variance in IQ test performance,
and IQ scores are frequently regarded as estimates of an individual's g factor rating (Kamphaus et al. 2005). The terms IQ, general intelligence, general
cognitive ability, general mental ability, or simply intelligence, are often used interchangeably to refer to the common core shared by... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These include the Wason selection task, computerized games governed by difficult rules, pragmatic reasoning schemes, analogical reasoning tasks,
class–inclusion, scientific reasoning tasks, and categorization tasks. These factors explain why non–verbal tests are often referred to as culture–free,
and almost necessary for easing assimilation.
Acquiring relevant background knowledge – which will be closely associated with social class – is important in psychometric tests, in addition to
non–cognitive sources. Jensen seems to be unaware or at least avoid potential stressful effects relating to negative social evaluation and systematic
prejudice, which many children experience every day. Superficial factors like dialect, facial appearance, and self–presentation all play major roles.
These have significant effects on the way we see and evaluate ourselves. Bandura et al (1996) have shown how limited confidence in cognitive–based
tests acquired by parents are inherited by their children, resulting in fear and apathy in many intellectual tasks. Here, g is not a general ability variable,
rather it's a measure of intellectual self–esteem.
Limited exposure to middle–class cultural tools and low cognitive self–esteem will, undoubtedly, lessen one's self–confidence, and cause anxiety in
testing situations. There is a well–known association between IQ test performance and test–anxiety. In his meta–analysis of 562 studies, Hembree
(1988) found that subjects who feel

The Frequency of Social and Intellectual Activities Within...
The aim of this project is to investigate the frequency of both social and intellectual activities within young adults (university students) and to determine
which has more influence on their cognitive functioning skills such as attention, perception, memory, problem solving and reasoning. There has been a
lot of research into the decline in cognitive abilities as we get older and how our lifestyle affects these abilities. However, there is a lack of research
considering the lifestyle effects in younger adults. A lot of research has shown that more intellectual and social engagement is associated with better
cognitive performance, but there are few investigating which is more important out of the two. By determining which is more important, young adults
can make the effort to participate in these activities throughout their lifetime in the hope of increasing their mental functions across midlife, and
perhaps avoiding or reducing cognitive declines as they get older. In terms of measuring the participant's cognitive abilities, computer–based cognitive
tests will be used to assess their memory, reasoning, planning and concentration. A self–reported questionnaire will also be administered to measure
their social and intellectual engagement. This research is very important as it could provide a better well–being and quality of life for young adults.
The knowledge of these associations also helps promote more successful and healthy cognitive ageing. RESEARCH BACKGROUND By

The Difficulties in Defining and Measuring Intelligence
THE DIFFICULTIES IN DEFINING AND MEASURING INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence can be described in many ways with many tests focusing on an individual's cognitive abilities and failing to account for the social and
practical aspects of intelligence. Tests to measure intelligence vary immensely and test different types ofintelligence; such as Emotional Intelligence,
which has proved popular in more recent years. Although researchers are unable to agree upon a general definition of intelligence they do agree that
there are 2 factors to be included in a broad definition: an individual's ability to adapt to their environment and a capacity to learn from experience
(Sternberg and Detterman, 1986). Tests do not , however, measure these components... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Salovey and Mayer (1990) defined emotional intelligence as a very broad set of abilities. While Goleman (1995) has defined it as a set of skills distinct
from cognitive intelligence that can be learned, Mayer et al (2008) developed a formal 4–branch model of emotional intelligence that combines
cognition and emotion. Abilities are at different levels: from perceiving emotions (lowest level); using emotions; understanding emotions; to managing
emotions (highest level). These abilities mean that people are aware of their own and others' emotions and their consequences in different social
circumstances. The link between cognition and emotion can be seen in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), where negative cognitions are challenged
and new behaviours introduced which will impact on emotional processing.
Research using the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) supports the Mayer et al (2008) model and has shown that
emotional intelligence increases with age, suggesting it can be learned. The test also has predictive value (McEnrue & Groves, 2006), for example,
relating to leadership potential. However, it seems to measure some factors better than others and its validity for different cultures, ages and ethnic
groups has not as yet been tested. Emotional intelligence tests use self–assessment methods, which may not capture the

Mental Ability In Childhood And Cognitive Aging
Johnson, Wendy. (2008). Mental Ability in Childhood and Cognitive Aging. Behavioural Science Section, 54(3), 177
–186 The purpose of this study
was to "examine the association between childhood cognitive ability and cognitive change from age 79 to 83 in the presence of other demographic
and lifestyle indicators". (Johnson, 2008). The researcher carried out this study because it was clear that there had been very little research done to
examine the influence of cognitive ability later in life. The study was carried out by participants taking part in a mental ability test when they were
aged 11 which was part of the Scottish mental survey 1932. The surviving participants were then traced and were given the mental ability test again to
test

Essay on Is Pre-Alzheimer's Disease Testing Effective?
Alzheimer's disease is an unpreventable, untreatable disorder which leads to the lowest form of quality of life. This disease causes lacking cognitive
abilities in the area of remembrance, reason, and recognition of familiar places and faces; is predicted to affect 16 million people in the United States
by 2050 unless a viable treatment or cure is found. Because this disease affects the fastest–growing age group, current clinical trials are striving to find
effective pre–Alzheimer's Disease tests. However, there are people who believe that these pre–screening methods are not reliable. Those that favor the
idea of pre–Alzheimer's Disease testing believe that cognitive abilities screening, neuropsychological exams, brain image testing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Lastly, spinal fluid testing is disputed because of the lack of equipment and resources. I believe that pre–Alzheimer's Disease testing is effective. By
pre–screening for Alzheimer's we are able to begin the process of finding, not only a cure, but a preventative measure. Cognitive testing is easily
accessible through doctors on routine medical check–ups, it can be completed in less than 15 minutes and track changes easily. Also, though
neuropsychological testing can be time intensive, the information received from the exam can help make a personalized therapy plan for the patient.
Brain imaging is an easy way to find other causes of memory problems or dementia symptoms and has a 90 percent accuracy rate of detecting the
disease early. Lastly, with spinal fluids specialists are able to determine who does or does not have Alzheimer's or preclinical signs of it.
Linguistic ability is a key component in screening cognitive abilities, especially when such screening is performed early in life. Snowdon (1996), a
leading author of Alzheimer's research found that the measure of cognitive abilities early in life is, "a potent marker for cognitive problems,
Alzheimer's Disease, and brain lesions later in life." This means that through form, meaning and context researcher were able to predict with a certain
amount of accuracy those people who would be affected by the problems mentioned above. Researchers can

Five Types And Facets Of Cognitive Ability
Ability Ability refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a particular range of different but related activities. In contrast to
skills, which can be improved over time with training and experience, ability is relatively stable. Ability is affected by both genes and the environment.
The genes is the ability through your own personal self. The environment is the ability through the practice and surroundings (Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J.
A., & Wesson, M. J. 2017).
Cognitive Ability The definition of cognitive ability is the capacity to perform higher mental processes ofreasoning, remembering, understanding, and
problem solving. The book definition of cognitive ability refers to the capabilities related to the acquisition and application of knowledge in problem
solving (Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Wesson, M. J. 2017). This can start at home with everyday tasks, which can follow you all through school,
and end up in your job which can lead you through your career. Not everyone has the same cognitive ability and some have more of the ability than
others.
Types and Facets of Cognitive Ability There are five different types of cognitive abilities. The five different abilities are verbal ability, quantitative
ability, reasoning ability, spatial ability, and perceptual ability. Verbal ability is oral and written comprehension which is understanding when
something is written down or spoken. The second part of verbal ability is oral and written

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Assessment Analysis
Tests are assessing a person by using many techniques to gather a data. Also, it is a procedure to make sure the quality, performance, and reliability of
something before using widely. "Tests offer an additional venue for helping us understand the ability and personality of our clients" (Neukrug, 2011, p.
397). Tests can be beneficial in goal setting and treatment planning. In the end of the nineteenth century, Alfred Binet developed one of the first tests.
"A test provides only part of the picture about a person. On the other hand, assessment process combines and evaluates all the information gathered
about an individual or a group of individuals to provide guidance" (U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration, 2006, p. 12)
Assessment is very wide range and many techniques to assess an individual. It is a systematic approach to gathering information about an individual.
For example, to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three types of assessments under its objective personality tests, projective techniques, and interest inventories. Objective personality tests
measure primarily psychopathology. Also, it uses a restricted response format such as true/false or yes/no questions. Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a popular objective personality test. Projective techniques measure using unstructured stimuli such as inkblot,
sentence completion, drawing, and develop a story. This technique allows for individual to response in a broad range which represent conscious and
unconscious drives. Interest inventories are used widely in career counseling to determine the like and disliked of a person. For example, if an
individual chooses a career that matches his or her personality, he or she is most likely to satisfy in that career. Most popular assessments are
self–Directed Search and Strong Interest

Bilingualism In Childhood
Alexis Stoner
General Psychology 101
Dr. Nowak
2 October 2017
Bilingual Speakers' Cognitive Development in Childhood In this journal article, Elena Nicoladis analyzes the idea that bilingual children develop
certain cognitive functions differently and at a faster rate than monolingual children. She finds that bilingual children learn to think differently
depending on which language they are currently using. For example, bilingual children have the ability to describe an event differently depending on
the language they are using. This leads to the idea that different languages encode different parts of children's brains. Nicoladis also evaluates the idea
that bilingualism positively affects children's ability to understand that events and words can be analyzed in various ways. Bilingual children may find
it easier to understand that the same word can have different meanings, which can give them an advantage in learning new words or attempting to
define an unknown word. Bilingualism can also improve children's development of executive functioning skills, giving them advanced abilities in
processing information, task management, and in particular, selective attention. In social cognition, bilingual children have been noted to have a higher
developed theory–of–mind than monolingual children, although there is still some debate over whether that can be attributed strictly to their
bilingualism or to other factors.
Nicoladis, E. (2016). Bilingual Speakers' Cognitive

Falls In Older Adults: A Case Study
A.Specific Aim Falls are the leading cause of functional limitations in older adults. Approximately one in three community dwelling adults over 65
years old experience a fall each year 1, and falls account for approximately 40% of all death from injuries 2. The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) is a
common test that is used to evaluate the risk of falling. However, it has been shown that the diagnostic accuracy of the TUG is limited in evaluating
the elevated risk of falling in older adults 3. The long–term objective of this research is to improve the quality of the clinical measures that are used to
detect the functional disabilities in rehabilitation setting. Previous work shows the limited predictive ability of the TUG after adding a secondary
cognitive4 or manual task [?5]. This is could be due to the fact that these tasks were not challenging enough to account for the multiple factors that
could lead to falls. In gait literature, it has... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The manipulation will include adding cognitive and visual demands using cognitive tasks and the Oculus Rift. The second objective is to explore
whether combining TUG test with cognitive and visual manipulation would be more sensitive than the standard TUG in detecting changes in
performance of healthy subjects after introducing step asymmetry training using the split belt treadmill. We hypothesize that I) as the TUG complexity
increases the healthy older adults will demonstrate a longer time, slower gait speed, more stride time variability, less interlimb phasing (or step length
asymmetry), and reduced arm swing compared to healthy younger adults, and II) TUG with visual and cognitive manipulation will be the most
sensitive measure in detecting the deterioration in gait performance after step asymmetry training Fig.

The Theory Of Cognitive Learning Theory
Introduction
Cognition refers to the mental ability of an individual that governs the process of perception and processing of external information. In the field of
psychology, the concept of cognition consigns to the mental processes of the individual and the procedure through which his brain operates under
diverse influence of learning through distinct sources. The concept of cognitive learning theory can be well applied in the study and understanding of
mental states of cognition (i.e. beliefs, desires and intentions) and in terms of information processing. It positively works on enhancing the cognitive
ability of a person. The information grasped through the process of cognition is often termed as contextual knowledge. The learning through cognition
can be attained through diverse knowledge transferring medium such as mentoring, experimenting and training.
Major Principles Associated with the Theory
The origin of the cognitive learning theory was incepted by Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The works and hypothesis proposed by Piaget had great
theoretical influence on the development of cognitive learning theory and delivered primarily theoretical impulses. In addition, Albert Bandura
developed a socio–cognitive learning theory and behavioral traits (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This was a modified version of the
cognitive learning theory; moreover, according to diverse studies, this theory was termed as application of cognitive learning theory in the societal

Cognitive Dysfunctions
Memory takes the information that we receive, through vision, hearing, and touch, and places that information into a usable form and stores that
information for later use. Drug addicts, however, have cognitive dysfunction as the areas of the brain that deal with addiction also destroy those same
parts of the brain that deal with cognitive functions which include memory.Although many studies have been done in regards to the use of drugs and
the damage they do both physically and mentally, there has not been much research systematically about the direct effects that opiates can have on the
brain and the cognitive functions. This paper will look at the various research that has been done and take a look at the destructive effects that drugs,...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not understanding these adverse effects of opiates is what got us all to the point we are at today. The studies that have been performed over the last
two decades have brought many harsh realities to light about the "wonder" painkiller drug. It is time to offer new research in alternative pain
medication reeds and come to better pain management techniques and drug choices. It is clear from the research that opiates cannot be used as
directed for a sustained amount of time, nor can they closely monitored by individuals as these drugs modify the brain's pleasure centers into craving
drug that is supposed to help. I am not for the complete abolishment of these drugs, however, responsibility for its abuse is going to have to fall on
those individuals who prescribe it, and the responsibility for treatment if and when abuse occurs, should also fall on those same

Screening Potential Employees
There are hundreds of tests available to help in the process of screening potential employees. Using selection procedures and test is what helps
employers to promote and hire potential employees. Cognitive tests, medical examinations and other test and procedures aid in the process of hiring
potential employees.. The use of tests and other selection measures can be a very useful way of deciding which applicants or employees are most
competent for a particular job. Employee selection tests are intended to offer employers with an insight into whether or not the potential employee can
handle the stress of the job as well as their capacity to work with others. Employees believed that personality and psychological assessments can help to
predict... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cognitive ability test also measures the ability to solve job–related problems. There are many advantages and disadvantages for using cognitive ability
test it has been used to predict job performance. Employers use cognitive ability test because it can be cost–effective and does not require a trained
administrator reducing business cost. Using the test to predict individuals for hiring promotion or training. The cognitive ability test can also be
administered using pin and paper or computerized methods which helps when testing big

Workforce Planning And Employment Tanglewood Case 7

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