Juvenile Courts Essay

Juvenile Courts Essay
There is ongoing debate as to what should be done with juvenile courts. Should juvenile courts be
abolished or just reformed? There are a number of reasons offered for each viewpoint, and the
ultimate goal is trying to figure out which option would be most beneficial for juveniles. Juvenile
delinquency is a continuous problem in the United States. It is also considered an issue that all of
society needs to take part in trying to solve or at least diminish. Despite the number of social
controls that can aid in dealing with delinquency much of the burden is placed on the juvenile
justice system. It is well understood that the juvenile courts have a lot of imperfections. These
imperfections are what caused the calls for reform or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shift has caused more focus on an individual as a criminal rather than the innocence of a child.
It also caused movement away from rehabilitation, which was meant as a way to prevent future
criminality. More emphasis has been placed on strict social control and incarceration (Hickey,
2010). In a sense reforming back to the original objectives of juvenile courts is seen as one of the
better methods to try and achieve. As of now the juvenile court system is suffering from a
boomerang effect in which the same juveniles are continuously reoffending. The point of
rehabilitating juveniles when they are in adolescence is to try to prevent adult criminal behavior.
Juvenile courts have failed to substantially make an impact on juvenile delinquency as they are now
and reforms may not be enough to make a significant impact. Ultimately, a bigger change may be
required.
In addition to the rehabilitative aspect is the social welfare aspect. The juvenile courts lack the
means to provide social welfare for children. This issue was created because of state agencies
having the "control over the institutions and programs to which judges send delinquents," rather
than juvenile courts having the control (Hickey, 2010, p. 148). The lack of resources
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The Elizabeth Poor Law
Elizabeth Poor Laws: Why were they so important in the development of social welfare in North
America?: The Elizabeth Poor Law advocated and placed responsibility of the poor to the churches
and government. If parishes could not meet the responsibilities, counties were required to assume
relief–giving functions. The government became the chief enforcer of poor relief. However, the
local parishes fulfilled their welfare responsibilities in several ways. They provided outdoor relief to
persons in the homes; provided indoor relief to person in special institutions that came to be
variously known as almshouse, poorhouses or workhouses; or required person to become indenture
servants or apprentices. It also required relatives to care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like England , North America had to create a social welfare system that would benefit all
immigrants and citizens. North America today has welcomed millions of immigrants from different
cultures and political views. Tylor, said that culture is "that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
and woman as a member of society." Without a social welfare act, it would be impossible to function
in a society that embraces so many cultures with different political and social beliefs. It is unrealistic
to believe that North America is, or was equipped and prepared to provide financial support,
employment, health care, education and other types of support with equal distributions to society as
a whole. The Elizabethethan Poor Laws, puts emphasis on the group of people who cannot protect
or provide for themselves. North America imitates, The Elizabethan Poor Law, as North America
had to develop a social welfare system that would acknowledge that North America, does not have
equal distribution of wealth. For example, North American had to create the TANF program to assist
those who are poor and cannot work, and have no money to take care of their families. Families who
receive fund through TANF program are consider to be very poor families who need cash assistance
in order to maintain support themselves and their families.

Verbal Communication In The Child Welfare System
Introduction
Child welfare services Child welfare systems include a range of services (for example, family–based
services, child protection, out–of–home placements, adoption services), encompassing prevention,
intervention, and treatment. Services are intended to protect children and their well–being,
strengthen families, and provide permanency when children cannot safely remain with their
families. Child welfare services should be strength based; family centered; trauma informed; and
respectful of a family's culture, values, customs, beliefs, and needs
Language and Behaviors
Social workers need to demonstrate the interpersonal skills to relate effectively and sensitively to
students, faculty members, staff, clients, and other professionals. Leadership: Social work students
need to show initiative in making professional contributions in their practice setting. Verbal
communication involves actively listening to understand and speaking to be understood by your
audience. As a result, a social worker may alter her communication style multiple times during a
single workday to maximize her effectiveness with clients, colleagues, supervisors, or community
members. Social workers rely on the strength of their verbal communication skills in settings as
diverse as advocating for a client in a public benefits office, providing educational presentations in a
church's fellowship hall, serving as an expert witness in a courtroom, or testifying before legislators.
Attitudes and Beliefs

Welfare to Work: A New Response to Poverty Essay
Professor's Comments: This student has done an outstanding job of fulfilling the requirements of the
assignment in his analysis of the Welfare to Work Program.
Abstract: This study defines poverty, explains its causes and consequences on various systems, and
traces our governmental response to this problem from the New Deal efforts to the present system of
welfare. Drawing from recent literature to examine specifically the efficacy of TANF's welfare to
work (WtW) initiative, this writer focuses on the following: (1) on the target population, single
mothers and children, and (2) on how this initiative is affecting both this group and the overall
problem of poverty. Also included are a discussion of the historical and contemporary ... Show more
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The micro–level explanation places blame on the American family's deterioration, a theme
characterized by an increase in single mothers, teenage pregnancy, and a loss of the traditional male
role (Egendorf, 1999). Next, the mid–level view focuses on inequality in the education system that
perpetuates the cycle of poverty. Finally, the macro–level view looks at institutions such as the
economy and government, and specifically examines these entities' effects on families and
individuals, including inconsistency and discrimination in the job market (Coleman & Cressey,
1999).
With causes, then, come consequences, and poverty is no exception. According to Maurice Badon of
Southeastern Louisiana University, "poverty is an insidious evil that robs families of the necessities
we take for granted" (M. Badon, personal communication, November 19, 2001). For example, the
poor are generally deprived of educational opportunities and, as a result of social stresses and a lack
of adequate health care, are also highly susceptible to mental and physical illness. In addition, these
groups tend to live in areas where crime is prevalent, creating another social stress with which to
contend. Poverty is also tough on working parents because difficulties in finding adequate,
affordable child care create consequent difficulties in maintaining employment (Coleman & Cressey,
1999). Furthermore, as a result of their parents' struggles,

Ecological Economics Vs. Welfare Economics Essay
Ecological Economics vs Neoclassicial Welfare Economics
In the past, economic school of thought regarded the resources as unlimited and focused on more
production under the light of the unlimited growth assumption. Every economic action was
suggested to only consider about making more profit. While the economy and the human population
are growing; more natural resources are used and more pollution is observed. Human become to
deal with the results of its production such as enviromental problems and resource scarcity. A debate
has emerged in economics and the mainstream economics is brought into question since its
unlimited growth assumption is collapsed. Ecological economists argues the neoclassical welfare
economics for ignoring the enviromental and ethic values by only focusing on the cost–benefit
analysis. It also claims that the neoclassical economics fails to calculate the value of the
enviromental capital and the loss of the economic activities on the environment. This paper is going
to explain the problems with the neoclassical welfare economics and the alternatives offered by the
ecological economics in terms of economic growth and environment.
The neoclassical welfare economics explains the economic production and behaviour by using the
mainstream terms of economic literature. Specifically, it focuses on the Pareto efficieny and
suggests two theorems related to it. Firstly, the Pareto efficieny is stated by maximisation of
preferences under a restricted budget and

Public Safety Agencies
Public Safety Agencies: Why High Quality Software is Important
Public safety agencies are responsible for ensuring the safety and well–being of citizens across the
country. Although each public safety agency has different public safety functions, such as law
enforcement or emergency medical response, all public safety agencies rely on accurate and
immediately accessible data to properly perform their duties.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Public_Safety Law Enforcement Officers Need Real
Time Information
Law enforcement agencies across the country typically have limited resources and manpower. They
traditionally rely on dispatch centers to communicate and request information. On a busy night with
limited personnel, this is a recipe for public safety disasters. Consequently, many police officers
must perform many administrative tasks by themselves at their desk, but they are needed on patrol.
However, having live mobile computers in patrol cars allows police officers to access driving and
criminal records from the convenience of their vehicle. This is absolutely essential for law
enforcement officers who are trailing suspects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CPS social workers are tasked with responding to reports of child abuse, neglect and exploitation. If
necessary, they must remove the children from their home and place them in protective foster care.
While social workers do not need real–time data, they must have high quality software that
guarantees zero glitches and data loss. This is because CPS social workers must continually create
highly accurate and comprehensive reports concerning the children on their case load. This
information is utilized by law enforcement, other state agencies and especially the State's family
court system. Therefore, any data loss or case documentation problems may have serious
consequences for foster children and their parents who are trying to win back

Poverty In America
The scourge of poverty in the United States of America is a tragic story that seems to never end.
When President Lyndon B. Johnson fired the first shots in the "War on Poverty" in 1964, the rate
declined by a several percentage points in the coming decade. Sadly, whereas in 1964 the percentage
of Americans in poverty was approximately 17 percent of the population, the rate still stood at 14.8
percent a full 50 years later in 2014. The ongoing plague of poverty has given rise to a moral value
shared almost universally in communities across America: in a society as prosperous and successful
as ours, it cannot possibly be considered moral to bear witness to so many poor people who can see
little or no way out of their lot in life. Unfortunately, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The great problem with the welfare state lies in the fact that it inherently makes one subordinate to
the state and dependent upon the provision of benefits from the government in order to survive. This
forces recipients of welfare programs to believe that the state will always be there to provide for
them, regardless of the circumstances, and requires that they submit themselves to the specific
mandates of the government in order to get what they desire. The poor who live under the welfare
state consequently find themselves forced to rely upon others, unable to live independently and void
of the incentive to work. Individuals feel that they no longer need to take responsibility for
themselves and their own lives, instead understanding and internalizing the notion that the welfare
state will always be there to provide for them. This has three stark moral issues associated with it.
The first is that the welfare state may not always be capable of consistently filling the needs of the
people it purports to serve, as limitations on resources may at some point kick in. This thereby
creates a false sense of expectations that may hurt recipients at a later point. Secondly, it creates a
mindset that we have the right to what others have produced. Once adopted by the state, this
approach is reinforced in the people. This is harmful because it extends the notion that one group is
obliged to receive benefits from another, which alters the very nature of freedom from voluntary
exchanges to mutual benefit both parties to a sense of "I'm entitled to this." Thirdly, and perhaps
most importantly, by stirring among the poor the sense that the government will always provide for
them, it in turn creates a cycle of dependency out of which it is difficult, if not impossible, to break
free. Even more, it can become impossible to see the means of breaking out,

State, Political, Economy And Governance
ASSIGNMENT
STATE , POLITICAL, ECONOMY AND GOVERNANCE
PAPER NO– 6104
ENCOUNTERING STATE IN EVERYDAY LIFE
SUBMITTED BY–NIKITA KATARIA
ROLL NO– 10564(MA –PREVIOUS)
STATE
Different political scientists have given definitions of state. According to Aristotle, the father of
political science, "The state is an organization consisting some families and villages. According to
Woodraw Wilson, "State is a conglomeration of people within a definite territory organised by law".
Professor Garner has given complete definition of state. "The state is a group of people, more or less
numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control and
possessing an organized government to which the great body of ... Show more content on
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For instance– the area of the Peoples Republic of China is 44.5 lakhs sq. mile but the Netherland
occupies an area of 12,500 sq. mile.
Government –The third element to form a state is government. The population living in a definite
territory cannot form a state without a government. Those who conduct the state, which is, the
Legislative Division, the Executive Division, and the Judiciary form the government collectively
.There can be different types of government in different states.
Sovereignty– The most important part to form a state is "sovereignty". It is the supreme and final
power of the state. It is because of this power the population becomes a state. The power separates
the state from other organizations. There exist two powers of sovereignty which are internal and
external. With the internal power the state exercises power and authority over all individuals as well
as institutions. On the other hand, the external sovereign power, keeps the state free from the control
and interference by the outside forces. In spite of the population, definite territory and the
government, a country will not be considered as a state without the sovereign power. A state is
formed with all of these four elements. It cannot be formed without the existence of any one of these
elements.

State is a political organization which regulate its citizen through government for providing welfare
and imposing restrictions on them so that they can live their life smoothly.

Social Welfare Policies
Social welfare polices dates back to almost fifty years. Throughout those years the real question
was, what is social welfare policies? What is interesting about social welfare policies is that, one
person's classification or belief may differ from that of another's. Due to varying viewpoints of US
citizens, throughout the history of the United States, Social Welfare Policies have been subject to
many changes. It has grown, shrunk, stabilized, and even deteriorated. The authors of Introduction
to Social Work stated that, "Social welfare policies are the services and programs made available to
certain people for a specified period of time, based on established criteria" (Cox et al, 2016). In
simpler terms, social welfare policies are social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10). At this level, social workers are petitioning for change on a much larger scale. For instance,
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), is supported by the government. In order for
anyone to be the beneficiary of such assistance, one must reach certain criteria. However, there are
many people who are in dire need of assistance but do not reach the strict benchmarks to receive
such assistance. In this level of intervention, a social worker would advocate for less restrictive
requirements. This will then enable people who were unable to receive the assistance before to now
receive it. The social worker in the macro level intervention, acts as the voice for the people. With
this the social worker lobbies for changes that will provide a continuum of care and assistance to
those in need. With intersecting social problems, at this level there is an opportunity to address and
change those

The Juvenile Justice System Is Not Driven By Welfare And...
Young people represent the future of society. Consequently, they deserve respect and support while
they develop in order to maintain a fair and just society. Therefore, it is the juvenile justice system's
responsibility to establish institutions and legislation to protect the important role that young people
play in society. The system should also be driven by welfare and justice concerns as young people
have special needs in regards to their age, and their physical, emotional and social development. It is
essential that these welfare and justice concerns are addressed effectively by the system in order for
young people to flourish. This essay will firstly assess the NSW juvenile justice system in regards to
its treatment of young offenders in detention, in conjunction with its obligations under domestic and
international law. Additionally, this essay will analyse evidence of welfare and justice concerns for
youth offenders in detention in NSW. And furthermore, this essay will analyse the implications of
youth detention on young offender's and society. And ultimately argue that the NSW contemporary
juvenile justice system is not driven by welfare and justice concerns. Given the fact that NSW has
the highest rate of youth detention in Australia, and that there is overwhelming evidence to support
the idea that youth detention carries detrimental physical and psychological consequences.
Furthermore, the NSW juvenile justice system is not upholding the fact that young people

Benefits Of Welfare State
The term welfare state can be defined as a system by which the government have developed a set of
policies designed to assist its people, to ensure they are protected from poverty. The system is
composed of a number of institutions. For example, the UK is a welfare state, formed by institutions
such as the NHS, social services, education, unemployment services, state pension, council housing,
maternity benefits, disability insurance, job training and many more. The NHS provides free
national healthcare, free education is provided in public schools, unemployment benefits are
available to those who are out of work or seeking employment to ensure they are provided for. In
addition, tax payers are entitled to state pensions at retirement age, and ... Show more content on
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He states that despite all the different ways in which the welfare state is distributed across a variety
of industrialised countries, they all have a common base. That base is ''A specific mode of exercising
government power and a specific set of conception, institutions, and techniques with which to do
so.'' (Garland 2016) Garland explains that there are three concepts around the concept of the welfare
state and that these serve as a three–part definition. The first concept is 'Welfare for poor people'.
This is one of the most common definitions of the welfare state, as it is effectively welfare for poor
people. Often invoking ideas of laziness, dole queues, teenage single mothers and other negative
connotations. The second concept is 'Social provision'. This is the notion that the welfare state is
comprised of institutions funded by taxes to aid the general public. The NHS as a health
organisation, or the Social Services, the right for tax payers to receive state pension and public
education are prime examples of

Essay Juvenile Delinquency
Main Post: Juvenile delinquency is a problem that affects society as a whole. Understanding
Juvenile delinquency is important because it is part of trying to figure out how people in American
society should react to it; specifically, in terms of law enforcement officers, their agencies, and State
legislators. When deviant behavior becomes "continuous, chronic and widespread it gets perceived
as a significant part of the population as threatening to the general well–being of society"
(Thompson and Bynum, 2010, p. 44). This is a societal problem that requires attention from various
forms of social control. However, a lot of the burden is absorbed by an imperfect Juvenile Justice
System. As time has passed, argument has ensued over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The functionality of juvenile courts has increasingly become "a system of criminal social control to
protect society from young offenders, rather than as a welfare agency to nurture and protect
vulnerable children from a wrathful community" (Hickey, 2010). This shift has caused more of a
focus on an individual as a criminal in contrast to the innocence of a child. In turn this has created
hostility, which has led to more emphasis on social control and incarceration (Hickey, 2010). In
addition, the shift has moved juvenile courts further away from a rehabilitative standpoint. The point
of rehabilitating juveniles when they are in adolescence is to try to prevent adult criminal behavior.
Another problem is that juvenile courts lack resources to provide social welfare for children. This
issue was created because of state agencies having the "control over the institutions and programs to
which judges send delinquents," rather than juvenile courts having the control (Hickey, 2010, p.
148). The lack of resources by juvenile courts has occurred because the responsibility of providing
child welfare does not rest solely with the juvenile courts (Hickey, 2010). The best way to describe
this problem is that "providing child welfare is a societal responsibility, not simply a judicial one"
(Hickey, 2010, p. 148). Some people support reform of the juvenile court system to re–emphasize its
social welfare agency aspect. They suggest that more

Application Submission For Child Welfare Specialist
As the Step–Two decision maker for your grievance I spoke with you on Monday, March 21, 2016. I
also spoke with Gary Hampton, Human Resource Manager; Patricia Nelson, Applicant Services
Manager, Human Capital Management (HCM); Gene Gissandaner, Administrative Field Analyst;
and Dustie Elkins, Administrative Assistant II; reviewed your grievance paperwork and the
additional information you submitted to Mr. Hampton.
The issue presented in your grievance comprised of your disagreement of Mr. Hampton's assessment
of your application submission for Child Welfare Specialist II (CWS II), H23B; announcement
#151230–H23B–H36. Mr. Hampton determined your education and experience met the
qualifications for the Child Welfare Specialist I (CWS I), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
You will be notified once your application has been reviewed." Human Resource Management
(HRM) Employment Services Unit (ESU) is authorized by delegation agreement with HCM, to
review and certify that a candidate meets the necessary job qualifications of a classification in the
classified service for the purpose of allowing that candidate to be appointed to a position in that
class.
Your application for announcement #151230–H23B–H36, was reviewed on January 21, 2016, by
ESU Specialist, Chelsea Hunnington. Ms. Hunnington determined your education and experience
met qualifications for the CWS I. Your name was added to the internal applicant list as meeting
qualifications for the CWS I, based upon the information provided in the duties section of the
application and the indicated job title.
Based upon the conversation with Mr. Gissandaner, he indicated, when you were hired as a
temporary, you assisted with backlog for a brief time, however; he informed the District Director at
the time, Cindy Bryson; you were not to perform CWS work as a temporary. Mr. Gissandaner also
stated you were performing translation duties during this time as well however; those duties and the
skill base pay were removed.
According to the HCM job family descriptor for the CWS II, requirements at this level consist of a
Master's Degree; or a Bachelor's Degree and one year of experience in professional social work.
The HCM Qualification Standard defines Professional Social Work as the

State, Political Economy And Governanc
State, Political Economy and Governanc
HOW DO YOU ENCOUNTER STATE AND CITIZENSHIP IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?
UNDERSTANDING STATE:
The modern word state has been derived from the word "status" earlier employed by Teutons. It was
Niccolo Machiavelli who first used the term "state" in political science. From the beginning of
social life, mankind has lived under some kind of authority. The authority has varied in its nature
and has exercised its function through different forms of organisation. Beneath these differences in
the concrete manifestation of political lifemay be observed a practical identity of purpose, and by
disregarding non–essential elements and modification that arise ... Show more content on
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Politically organized people of a definite territory iii. An organization of public law that is
monopolistic over the use of violence against a group or population iv. An organization which in
internal matters carries out its function through a unified set of institutions known as the
government.
ELEMENTS OF THE STATE:
The state, as said earlier may be viewed as both a concrete thing and an abstract idea. A concrete
thing means that it is specific human group or association and viewed in abstract terms, it is a
corporation possessing a juristic personality. The state is composed of both physical and
metaphysical elements. These elements are:
i. A group of human beings, i.e. population (population) ii. A territory upon which they permanently
reside (territory) iii. Internal sovereignty and independence from foreign control (sovereignty) iv. A
political organization or agency through which the collective will of the population is expressed, i.e.
government (government)
Absence of any one of these elements nullifies the state: all must exist together. The state is not
people, nor the land nor the government, but all of them in addition; the state must possess that unity
which makes it a distinct and independent political entity. These features are common to all states,
irrespective of their historically specific manifestation. For e.g., it applies to the Greek City states,
the medieval kingdom, the modern monarchy and all the other kinds of states that

What Is Social Welfare?
Social welfare entails non–profit functions operating at a voluntary, public or societal basis. The
functions' clear aim is to alleviate poverty and distress among populations, as well as ameliorate
poverty and distress among casualties at societal levels (Boyd, 2013). In another study, Chamblis
and Schutt (2010) affirmed that social welfare constitutes social interventions seeking to maintain or
enhance the people's social functioning in entirety. Indeed, the assertions indicate that social welfare
arises when government and voluntary agencies engage in organized activities for preventing,
alleviating or contributing towards problem solving for emergent and existing social issues. In
addition, the affirmations imply that social welfare aims

The Goal Of The Child Welfare System
California State University,
Los Angeles
Social Work 585
Child Welfare
Final
Leslie Chopin
March 12, 2015
Instructor: Mark Abelson, MSW
Should the goal of the child welfare system be the protection of children from death, physical
battering, and sexual assault from their parents/caregivers or should it serve the needs of a broad
range of disadvantaged children and their families?
Introduction
In 2012, there were 666,900 child abuse cases reported in the United States (Department of Health
and Human Services, 2012). Of that number, 531,000 child abuse cases were for general neglect.
Ten years ago in 2005, the number was much higher at over 900,000 reported child abuse cases.
Clearly, the welfare of children is a significant value shared by the majority of Americans. The
reduction of reported child abuse cases is often linked to significant federal and state laws enacted to
further protect children from physical, sexual, emotional/mental harm and neglect (Lindsey, 2004).
The bigger question that has historically and currently plagued the child welfare system is: who is
responsible for protecting the children? Many complex answers have arisen: Is it the role of the
social worker? Law enforcement? Medical professionals? This paper argues that the main welfare of
children should be executed by social workers as opposed to other professionals. This paper first
reviews public and private response to child abuse in the United States historically. Second, the

The Four Functions Of Government In The United States
Every government in the world has basic functions that they provide for their citizens. "The
preamble, to the constitution, alludes to two basic kinds of services that cannot easily be
accomplished without government, and their provision accounts for two functions of every
government of the world." (Maltese 11) The two functions are providing and maintaining order and
safety, and providing public goods, such as national defense. Governments can also provide any
functions that they see fit to help promote the general welfare of their citizens. These government
functions are designed to keep countries from becoming too chaotic, while still not completely
controlling the people. While these are the main functions that governments perform they can do
many other things, and often once a government is in place, the people will want to be provided with
other services. However there are also people who believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
One example of a public good is national defense, which provides protection for everyone in the
country. "It is considered impractical for individuals to defend themselves more than partially
because aggressors may bring superior force to bear, thus making it necessary for the defender, too,
to secure the help of others." (Cooley) Because of this, the government provides defence as a public
good. In the United States, for example, we have many sections of national defence. There is the
army, marine corps, navy, air force, national guard, and coast guard, which all play vital roles in
protecting our country. Another important public good is providing basic medical research. The
United States funds research for many diseases and disorders, such as cancer research, and
immunization research, and works to make them readily available to all those who need them. These
are two of the many public goods the governments

Article Analysis
This article mainly focuses on the means–tested government assistance for lower–middle class
couples that are married. The essential points in the article explain who should be given the
assistance and those that cannot apply for it. They are not discouraging low–middle class couples
from getting married, but in fact, their income as a couple can go slightly over that cusp,
subsequently not enabling them to not receive government assistance. Couples that have children
and who are unmarried get great assistance if it is needed, "The expanding reach of the welfare state
means that a substantial share of lower–middle–class couples with children receive such aid–and
many of these couples receive more generous support if they are unmarried", ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
My aunts put themselves through school at a young age, had a job, children, owned a home, and
worked very hard. There were definitely tough times when assistance was needed, and without it,
my aunts and cousins would not have had a comfortable life growing up. My family was very
fortunate to receive the education they had, gifts and food that she provided and grew up in a safe
and happy surroundings.
This can be connected to the course concept of Social Welfare and the appreciation for the Social
Welfare policies and programs as an expression of society's attempt to enhance social functioning.
In order for low–middle class couples married or not, and single–parents to function socially, it is
imperative that there are programs just like these. Programs like these demonstrate an appreciation
for these Social Welfare policies that affect so many people. Without these couples receiving the
care that they need, they would not be able to function socially. Without these programs, people
would suffer tremendously, both physically and mentally. For example, they may not have enough
money to eat, so they would become physically weak and emotionally drained. As for their mental
health, not having assistance when in this position could lead to depression and anxiety for not being
able to care for their families and themselves.
The sponsor of this information is an organization by the name of, AEI and Institute for Family
Studies. This is an educational

Welfare To Work Reform Essay
Societies for years have preached the theory of individual responsibility as the righteous route for it
citizens to pursuit. The worth of a society is often based on the monetary network of individuals.
Moreover, in the United States this is the norm to focus on individual responsibility. However, every
society is faced with the conflict of poverty that requires some type of social welfare policy. Poverty
is not a stranger to the United States and therefore it created program such as welfare to assist the
poor. The welfare system has evolved over the years sometime for the good and others for the bad.
In 1996, President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act. This law changes the way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the states were allowed to design their own program. Some states felt that education was
a better use of fund while other concentrated on job training. The federal government set the basic
policy for the organization (welfare to work) program however, states incorporated their own
structure. Welfare to work reform tends to operate on a developmental concept. "In the program
parent are provided services such as child care, food nutrition programs (Dolgoff, R., & Feldstein,
2009, p.141). When viewing the assistance offer by welfare to work program seem to be selective in
natural. "Recipients included in selective program normally receive services based on their needs
such as food and housing" (Dolgoff, R., & Feldstein, 2009, p.142).
Services such as daycare services. When examining the source of benefits for welfare to work
recipients, it tends to be a mixture of monetary, services and utilities. Recipients often qualify to
receive housing such as section eight in Alabama. They are given welfare check and receive
assistance on power bills and water. In other words, they are assisted in the basic need for living.
The service is generally provided by public sector such as the federal government, which in turn is
dispersed to state government. In some state services are contracted out to private for profit
organizations. The service are administered at

Ideological Social Control Case Study
1) Compare the various agents of ideological social control and their effectiveness in controlling
behavior. Ideological social control is the attempt to manipulate consciousness of citizens so that
they accept the ruling ideology and refuse to be moved by competing ideologies. The agents of
ideological social control consists of family, education, religion, sport, media, and government. All
of these agents of ideological social control controls citizens unconsciously, without them knowing,
by controlling them and to refuse to think differently because they grew up and have conformed to
these ways. Firstly, family is effective in controlling children's behavior. The responsibility of
parents is to teach their child attitudes, values, and behavior ... Show more content on
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Schools persuade students into the correct attitudes about work, respect for authority, and patriotism.
For example, textbooks in schools have shown bias from the treatment given to minorities and the
difference between the behavior of the United States and the behavior of the enemies in wars.
Thirdly Religion affects behavior because there are guidelines for the behavior of members and
punishments for disobedience. Religious groups also teach that people should accept an imperfect
society, such as poverty, racism and war. Fourthly, sports reinforce conforming attitudes and
behaviors in several ways. There is a strong relationship between sports and nationalism. This can
promote an us–versus–them feeling among athletes, coaches, politicians, the press, and fans and
create a political contest rather than it being the Olympic Games. Sport serves to control people
ideologically by enforcing United States values among players. Values of success in competition,
hard work, perseverance, discipline, and order are conveyed. Fifthly, media serves to reinforce the
system. The media shapes how we assess others and ourselves. Films and television programs
promate images and ideologies that support imperialism, capitalism, racism,

Effects Of Policy On Client Populations From Diverse...
4. Effects of Policy on Client Populations from Diverse Backgrounds
A. The client characteristics of the population served by Head Start consists of mostly Hispanics and
African Americans (C. Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015). Majority of the
families served are low–income. There is also a large number of single–parent homes (C. Garrett,
personal communication, September 9, 2015). The population served by Head Start are considered a
vulnerable population based on economic and social disadvantages (C. Garrett, personal
communication, September 9, 2015).
B. As mentioned before Hispanics and African Americans are over represented in the population
served (C. Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015). This ... Show more content on
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Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015). However there is still a need for Head Start
services for families who do not meet the poverty requirement (C. Garrett, personal communication,
September 9, 2015). The change that should be made to this policy is to expanded services to those
above the poverty guideline, so that more families could be eligible for the program (C. Garrett,
personal communication, September 9, 2015).
5. How Social Workers Influence Social Policy
A. Social workers have the responsibility of advocating for their clients (C. Garrett, personal
communication, September 9, 2015). Whether it's petitioning congress on matters that effect
vulnerable populations (C. Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015). Such as cutting
funding for the federal SNAP Benefit program (C. Garrett, personal communication, September 9,
2015). This directly affects a social worker's ability to get resources to clients. Specifically, within
the Head Start program a social worker can petition to have the poverty guidelines raised (C.
Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015).
B. Methods and strategies social workers use to influence policy include being active members of
the National Association of Social Workers, advocating for social justice, and petitioning laws that
have unintended consequences for the poor (C. Garrett, personal communication, September 9,
2015). Social workers have

Murray And Gesiriech Analysis
According to Kasia O'Neill Murray and Sarah Gesiriech article "A Brief Legislative History of the
Child Welfare System," they claims, "Throughout the history of the United States, the child welfare
system has evolved according to changing beliefs and attitudes about what role government should
play in the protection and care of abused and neglected children" (Murray & Gesiriech, p.1). These
changes has benefit families and children which help secure the safety and the physical needs of
those in need. Murray and Gesiriech claims, that during the 1700's many children were remove from
their parents because they cannot provide the basic needs and care for their children. Murray &
Gesiriech, Zastrow point out, the first orphanages were stablish ... Show more content on
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Social worker in a Family service is essential they understand the important of family, culture
diversity and their needs. Social worker goals is to maintain family together, provide additional
support if is need it, use problem–solving strategy to help families to resolve their problems, provide
parents with parenting skills that will help them become better parents. In addition to that Child
welfare information Gateway explain, the role of a child welfare in which consist of "... child
protection consists of several key functions, many of which may occur continuously throughout the
life of a case. Various assessments of risk, safety, child and family functioning, and trauma occur at
screening, intake, investigation/assessment, ongoing child protection, and case closure" (web).
Social worker make face with difficult situation and decision but they have to ensure the safety of a
children who is in need of their services. They will be cases where the children did not want to
participate however, a social worker job is to encourage the child to participate and express his or
her

Ecological Economics Vs. Neoclassical Welfare Economics Essay
Ecological Economics vs Neoclassical Welfare Economics
In the past, the economic school of thought regarded the resources as unlimited and focused on more
production under the light of the unlimited growth assumption. Every economic action was
suggested to only consider about making more profit. While the economy and the human population
are growing; more natural resources are used and more pollution is observed. Human become to
deal with the results of its production such as environmental problems and resource scarcity. A
debate has emerged in economics and the mainstream economics is brought into question since its
unlimited growth assumption is collapsed. Ecological economists argue the neoclassical welfare
economics for ignoring the environmental and ethic values by only focusing on the cost–benefit
analysis. It also claims that the neoclassical economics fails to calculate the value of the
environmental capital and the loss of the economic activities on the environment. This paper is
going to explain the problems with the neoclassical welfare economics and the alternatives offered
by the ecological economics in terms of economic growth and environment.
The neoclassical welfare economics explains the economic production and behavior by using the
mainstream terms of economic literature. Specifically, it focuses on the Pareto efficiency and
suggests two theorems related to it. Firstly, the Pareto efficiency is stated by maximization of
preferences under a restricted

Importance Of Wellness And Engineering
ESSAY: Wellness & Good Health Relation to Engineering
In this essay the engineering will be discussed with its advantages relating to wellbeing and good
health.
In everyday lives the thing which is the most important amongst all is the wellness as it affects
behaviors, communications with society, performances and much more. Since as there is a huge
progress in the field of technology still there is some lag in the resources of wellness and health of
the mind (Madison McCarthy and Petros Spachos). As per a research phone text and call logs were
utilized for predicting the personality of a human and the results disclosed that there is a certain
enhancement in the accuracy of the prediction through using data of the mobile. (St. Einarsen and
M. B Nielsen) Level of stress was also measured with the help of phone's data (R. LiKamWa et al.).
Similar kind of other researches were carried out and the results showed that there is a relation in
between the logs of the phone and data of the sensor (Madison McCarthy and Petros Spachos)
As per these results it is quite obvious that the improvement in the technology which is brought with
the help of engineering is advantageous in many forms as it provides the actual position for human's
wellness and engineering can bring more benefits in a human life if the speed of the engineering
continues in the same way as it is in today's world (S. Collins and A. Long)
The important thing to be remembered is that social welfare is not dependent

The Neoclassical School 's Pro Market Position
Capitalists' self–interest of profit is in conflict with workers self–interest of welfare, as capitalists'
drive for profit has negative repercussions for labour welfare. The Neoclassical school asserts that
markets are able to reconcile this competing self–interest, as rational economic actors' pursuit of
their own self–interest within markets is said to result in a mutually beneficial outcome. However,
the Marxian school concedes that this idea is redundant, as labour is still exploited by capital despite
this apparently mediatory market mechanism (which focuses only on the exchange of commodities).
This essay will acknowledge similarities between the two schools on the matter. It will explain the
Neoclassical school's pro–market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both agree that capitalists' "universal goal" (Stillwell 2012:173) is the maximisation of profit, and
that this self–interest will be prioritised above other interests. Although, the Neoclassical school
does not consider that capitalists' prioritisation of profit will have an adverse impact on other
economic actors, as it contends that the market will inevitably satisfy individual self–interests
(Chang 2014:182). This underlines the distinctive positions of the Neoclassical school and the
Marxian school: the former believes that the market mechanism can create equitable outcomes for
all actors, the latter reveals that the function of the market is not in fact profitable for all economic
agents.
The Neoclassical school maintains the position that markets can reconcile competing interests
between capital and labour due to the function of the invisible hand, a theory stemming from the
Classical school of economics, notably the economist Adam Smith (Chang 2012:116). This theory
posits that "economic order can emerge as the unintended consequence of the rational actions of
many people, each propelled by their own interests" (Friedman 2011:120). Neoclassical economics
affirms that this "economic order" arises from the tendency of markets to equilibrate; that is, to
naturally revert to a state where the desires of all economic agents are satisfied through the
mechanism of the market (Stillwell 2012:158). This market mechanism is said to assure

Neoliberal Government
Welfare recipients and "dangerous criminals" (the label casted) serve the function of displaced anger
from social insecurity while the state proceeds with its economic deregulation. We see this still in
debate the problems in society are the people mulching off welfare and social security, people don't
understand our insecurity is stemming from neoliberalism itself.
Overall in this era there was social insecurity from de–socialized wage labor, and increasing
inequality. The source of social insecurity was neoliberalism. Neoliberal government became the
dominant ideology within this time frame. What is neoliberal government? It is the belief in the free
market, which is the economic deregulation that stresses how important it is for the economy ...
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In regard to David Garland, Wacquant states that it is not a cultural reaction to 'late modernity' but
that of neoliberalism, "a project that can be indifferently embraced by politicians of the Right or the
Left." (Wacquant, 303) From Wacquant's standing, he says that the expansion of the penal state was
an act by the ruling class whose aim was to redefine and establish a new economic regime.
According to Wacquant this regime was based on "capital hypermobility and labor flexibility and to
curb the social turmoil generated at the foot of the urban order by the public policies of market
deregulation and social welfare retrenchment that are core building blocks of neoliberalism."
(Wacquant, 303). He states that Garland isolates the state spectrum in how it sets the parameters for
the sub–proletariat, while Wacquant so evidently brings the state, poverty, and the policies that
account for this into a single

Functionalism and the Family
Took 45 minutes to complete about 659 words Using the material from the Item and elsewhere,
assess the functionalist contribution to our understanding of the family.(24 marks) Functionalism is
a structural theory as it examines social institutions e.g. economy , education etc. It sees these
institutions as a way of moulding and shaping the individual. Functionalism is also a consensus
theory and tends to encourage sharing norms and values and promotes agreement rather than
conflict , value consensus. Functionalists adopt and organic analogy. This is the idea of seeing
society as a living system (human body) , e.g. the skin of our body is like our norms and values.
Material from the item says that Murdock (1949) suggests the four ... Show more content on
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Overall , Functionalists have a large contribution to our understanding of the family as they provide
functions which most families , especially nuclear families still follow to a certain extent. However ,
Feminists and Marxists have had a large contribution to our contribution and understanding of the
family as well as functionalists as they highlight the family 'dark

Public Finance
public finance is the study of the financial activities of governments and public authorities. divided
into three categories: a – Knowing what activities the public sector engages in and how these are
organized (that is, revenue gathering and expenditures) b – Understanding and foreseeing the full
consequences of these governmental activities c – Evaluating alternative policies.
The positive side describes the activities of the public sector, explains the reasons of the programs in
existence and also analyses the consequences of government policies
The normative side, on the other hand, is concerned with designing new policies that meet certain
objectives.
*two approaches are complementary, because, in order to make judgements about what ... Show
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example education externalities keep the market from reaching allocative efficiency because the
gains or losses generated are external to the pricing system; they are unpriceable. The transaction
costs of externalities misallocation of resources or a failure of the market economy to generate a
Pareto optimum. positive externalities 3 types of interventions the government may engage in:
(i) Subsidies: Subsidies are monetary payments government budget to lower their prices Long–term,
low–interest loans and tax reductions are examples of subsidies.
(ii) Government production at lower priceswe have a direct governmental influence on allocation
because the government itself undertakes the responsibility of the production of the positive external
good. supplies it at a lower price, in some cases free of charge iii)compulsion:it regulate the
consumption of certain goods and services.example in most country basic education is compulsory
and parents have to send their children to school. negative externalities arise from harmful
production and consumption, 3 instruments the government may use. These are:
(i)Tax penalties or legal punishments to limit the production or consumption of a good. e.g.
outlawing pollution
(ii) The government may impose excise taxes on goods so as to discourage their consumption or
production. known as sumptuary taxes, e.g. taxes on the consumption of alcoholic drinks

The Importance Of Safeguarding And Protection Of Children
There are a number of different agencies which may be involved when working in the context of
safeguarding and protection of children and it is vital that these agencies communicate and work in
partnership. Each professional working with children has to respect the others' areas of expertise and
support others' work as everybody is making a valuable contribution to the pupils' development. To
make sure that these professionals and agencies work together effectively in order to safeguard
children, section 10 of the Children Act 2004 places the duty on local authorities to make
arrangements to promote cooperation to improve the wellbeing of all children in the authority's area.
The continuous safeguarding of children and young people ... Show more content on
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Children are best protected when professionals know what is required of them and how each
organisations and professionals within those organisations work together. All adults and
professionals that work with have a responsibility for keeping them safe. This involves identifying
concerns, sharing information and taking prompt action. In order to do this in an effective way;
professionals need to work in partnership with each other. Individual children, especially some of
the most vulnerable children and those at greatest risk of harm and social exclusion, will need to
coordinate help from health, education, early years, children's social care, and the voluntary sector
and other agencies, including youth justice services. To provide adequate safeguarding measures it
helps to have a complete 'picture' of the child. To work in partnership means that each professional
and agency work together with the other agencies in contact with a child that they have safeguarding
and welfare concerns about. The different professionals and organisations working with that child
may have one snapshot and a concern that may, on its own, not necessary need intervention. When
partnership working is effect a bigger picture evolves as a result of information sharing. If each
profession has a different concern, this can lead to the

What Is the Function of the Welfare State?
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE WELFARE STATE?
The question set is so broad that I shall have to be selective. I shall conduct my answer in relation to
the British Welfare State. Before we can successfully understand the function of the Welfare State
we must first be clear of its definition. Although I recognise that Britain has a long history of
providing forms of welfare to its citizens though relief like the poor–law between the sixteenth and
twentieth centuries, I intend to look at the post–war history of the Welfare State. I shall then move
on to looking at the main provisions that the British Welfare State makes and how it works in a
constantly changing society. I shall focus on the intimate relationship between the Welfare State and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second line of thought is that the State also has the duty to not only help the worse off but also
help those who are better off. The State should help the better off to ‘safeguard and improve their
position' in economic and societal terms. This supports State intervention in various formally private
services, for example, State pensions and government grants for students wanting to undertake
higher education. It aims to make benefits more or less proportionate to individual earnings.
The third line of thought that Sleeman identifies ‘has in many ways conflicted with both of the first
two'. It involves using the social services to reduce inequality of income and opportunity. It implies
providing social security to those who cannot earn, which is not merely a minimum income (as the
first view implies) but rather an adequate amount so that they can have an average standard of
living. It also conflicts with the second view in that it implies relatively high, but flat rate, standard
rates of benefit. This is still considered by the majority as the most desirable view; however it is also
very costly. (Sleeman, 1979).
Many argue that the central function of the Welfare State is a commitment to full employment.
Indeed Marsh argues that it is certainly a defining characteristic of a Welfare State.
Since the well–being

The Global Financial Crisis And Protectionism
Title: The Global Financial Crisis and Protectionism
Question: During 2008~2009 many developed nations gave subsidies to their automobile producers.
How might this have distorted international trade? Was this a reasonable thing to do given the
circumstances?
Introduction
There was an empirical research study on the effect of protectionism on the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) in the United States (US). According to National Bureau Of Economic Research, "a
generalized 10 percent hike against emerging Asia improves the US current account balance as a
share of GDP by a mere 0.1 percentage point. The effect disappears after about two years, and in the
absence of further adjustment in net saving, it may even revert sign." So it implies that the
protectionism has many negative aspects on one's economy contrary to the nation's belief. I could
find reasons why protectionism affects international trade in negative ways from several research
papers. In this paper, I tried to verify those reasons by using certain economical models.
1. Protection measures benefit domestic producers and affiliated other parties, but society pays the
price.
Assumption 1) Domestic and foreign automobile products are a perfect substitution. 2) Government
offers the domestic producers subsidies by "s" per every produce.
In order to protect less competitive domestic automobile producers, the government offers subsidies
to them. It makes the domestic automobile producers feel that cost is reduced and

Values Of A Welfare State In Hong Kong Literature Review
2. What values does a welfare state seek to maximize? Explain what elements of the welfare state
are present in either Hong Kong or China and which ones are missing.
Introduction
The term "welfare state" is developed in the 1930s and has been regarded as the opposite meaning of
warfare at that time. The concept is interpreted in various ways in different countries due to cultural
and socio–economic differences and different historical development (Esping–Andersen, 2013). A
welfare state, generally speaking, refers to a state where the society takes responsibility for
providing comprehensive welfare like social and economic security to its population (Spiker, 2014).
Despites different interpretations of welfare state over time and across countries, the essential values
that a welfare state seeks to pursue are expected to remain consistent. This paper aims at identifying
values that a welfare state seeks to maximize through literature review. Furthermore, the paper will
also review the historical development of welfare system in Hong Kong and find possible
similarities between Hong Kong and a welfare state.
Definition and Values of the Welfare State
Asa Briggs (1961) defined the welfare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hong Kong people have valued the equality in opportunities very much as it is essentially important
to those who are from lower–class families and weaker socio–economic background to succeed. The
Equal Opportunities Commission in Hong Kong has played an important role promote social
opportunities. The major approaches that have been adopted by the government to promote equal
opportunities are reducing and eliminating discriminations and providing a range of universal
statutory social services to its citizens. While in the contexts of welfare state, there is an emphasis on
the role of welfare distribution in promoting equal social

The Minimum Wage Policy And Function
Social Welfare Function Distribution and redistribution of basic income has always been a subject of
debate in the United States. Devising a method of distributing and redistributing national resources
among poor has always been a challenge among the scholars. The minimum wage policy and
function has attempted to address the income inequity among the citizens of the United States. The
work of Aboudi et al (2014), attempted to address this issue by proposing a model to be used for
designing a basic income system having a social welfare function. This is simply to say designing a
minimum wage system having part of the income sourced from direct state funding. There are
several problems that led to the institution of the minimum wage laws in many states. One of the
problems was low living standard among the unskilled population in many countries caused by the
inadequate salaries that organizations paid the unskilled workers (Hansen& Machin, 2002). The
low–income made these people languish in poverty as they could not meet the three basic needs that
are food, clothe and shelter. Increasing income to these persons would also lead to economic growth
as there could be an increase in money exchange. The government also wanted to solve the problem
of inequality in the wage distribution between the skilled and the unskilled workers. Organizations
paid their skilled employees high salaries as compared to the low salaries paid to unskilled ones
such as cleaners, security personnel and

The Field Of Social Welfare Policy Gilbert And Terrell
The article "The field of Social Welfare Policy" by Gilbert and Terrell discussed the Field of Social
Work Policy. Gilbert and Terrell describe the six–essential institutions activities that take place in
the community; Kinship, Religion, Workplace, the market, Civil society, and Government. Kinship
describes how family serve as an emotional, social, and economic support for individuals. Things
such as values, skills, and behavior patterns are channel from one generation to another generation.
Furthermore, families are crucial in the social welfare field. Some family members care for the
elderly in their family, disable relatives, and grandparents caring for their grandchildren. Religion
empathizes on the spiritual aspect of the human society. The religion aspect discusses the informal
support, counseling, education that an individual receives from other members of the church. In
addition, Terrell and Gilbert explore the social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the help that is received from family member. In the other hand, family could be the
source if the social problem. Similar, while the workplace benefits are provided to employees they
ignore others that are in a greater need. Moreover, Terrell and Gilbert take an analytic perspective in
social welfare policy. They describe process, product, and performance as each of then examines a
social policy question that is crucial to the professional roles of planning and research. Studies of
process focus on the progress of policy formation with regards to sociopolitical and technical
variable. Studies of product is the product of the planning process is set by policy choices. Lastly,
they discussed why Policy analysis is crucial to Social Work Practice. It is crucial for Social
Workers to understand the relationship between policy and direct service, since Social Workers have
a critical role in assessing and carrying out

Challenges Of Decentralization In Japan
Prefecture oriented decentralization system in Japan:
Feudal clan oriented decentralization had been employed in Japan earlier. Local Culture and
prefecture system are heavily dependent on the feudal clan system. But the Comprehensive Local
Autonomy Law was adopted as the first volley of decentralization reform in 2000. The main
provisions of the law are as outlined below.
1. Elimination of the system of delegated functions
The backbone of a decentralized system is to eliminate 561 "agency–delegated functions," this
functions government ministries delegate to prefectural governors, municipal mayors, and local
governments; and replace many of them with "local autonomy functions."
2. Reducing or eliminating contributions to local governments
The inclusive, authoritarian system of nationwide guidance and control under the ... Show more
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Challenges of Decentralization:
Challenges of Decentralization in Japan common in fiscal federalism literature are the view that
decentralization can fundamentally entail gains in government efficiency and social welfare.
However, in Japan, conflicts of interests among stakeholders have impeded the promotion of
decentralization. In fact, the goal of decentralization seems to vary among Japan's numerous
interested parties and stakeholders. There are some fundamental challenges for decentralization in
Japan.
Challenge regarding Administration:
In Japan, although the central government performs relatively few direct functions it remains
heavily involved in local government administration. Demarcation of roles between the central and
local governments is institutionally unclear. In many fields, there is role duplication in various levels
of the government. For example, even though public services are self–governing functions (SGF,
Jichi Jimu);147 the central government takes part in providing local public services via laws or
through national

How Soical Programs Are Bring Down the United States...
Are social programs such as the welfare program in the United States causing a disorder in the order
of subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy? Yes, some of the social programs in the United States
have caused a disorder in the order of subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy. Objection 1. Social
programs such as welfare have not caused a disorder in subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy.
These social programs are critical for a nation's poor citizens living in poverty levels. Objection 2.
Objection 3. On the contrary, some of the social programs in the United States have caused a
disorder in the order of subsidiarity and the cycle of the economy. People are take advantage of the
government a have therefore caused mayhem on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the news, there are always story of people being caught of fraudulently purchasing cards from
an underground market. Some of the people have become so dependent on the welfare system that
they seem to keep on populating their family's because they'll receive more benefits when in fact
they cannot support them by themselves. Another example of a bad social program is the social
security program, which is basically a Ponzi scheme. People from the beginning of the program
were rewarded amounts of money that they did not contribute. Also with the population spike with
the baby boomer is going to lead to problems in the coming years as there are less people available
to support the funding of future generations of people that are going to receive. Most of the young
people are unemployed because they have just entered the labor force causing them to compete with
other people with experience. Because the demand for young workers has fallen generous programs
are a serious problem. It can increase unemployment by leading people to remain on welfare since it
has better incentive for the person. The person chooses not to work and is getting paid to do nothing.
That probably sounds better than accepting a minimum paying job and having to work at laborious
jobs. For example, according to statisticbrain.com, there are over 12.8 million people on welfare,
46.7 million on food stamps, and 5.6 million on unemployment insurance. Which equal to about 4.1
percent of

Person One's Suggestion: The Utilitarian Social Welfare...
Person 1's suggestion is describing the utilitarian social welfare function. This function is society's
goal to maximize the sum of individual well–being/happiness. This means that if you could steal
from the poor and give to the rich and make the rich happier by the same amount that you made the
poor unhappy that it would be ok and in line with the utilitarian social welfare function. To some
extent, the utilitarian function values self–enrichment of each individual. Person 2's suggestion is
essentially the Rawlsian social welfare function, which maximizes the happiness or well–being of
the "worst–off" member of society. This takes the minimum of the individual levels of the social
welfare function, which steals a certain amount from the

1. In Which Of The Following Markets Do You Pay Efficient...
Discussion Questions: An economy may be inefficient for two reasons – market power and
nonexistence of markets. (p. 46)
1. In which of the following markets do you expect efficient outcomes? Why
a. Hurricane insurance for beach houses: Efficient outcomes because individual that build a house
on the beach would more than likely acquire some type of insurance, for example, flood insurance,
knowing that hurricanes can destroy everything. You would expect that the market for flood
insurance would function fairly efficiently.
b. Medical care:
c. Stock market – Efficient outcomes; because it not a monopoly market.
It's not a market with only one seller of a good. It has lots of buyers and sellers. So you would
expect efficient outcome.
d. MP3 Players – Efficient outcomes because it's not a monopoly market because of other
competitor. There are a lot of companies that sells players, however, for MP3 you have consumers
who would prefer MP3 over the other brands, so, more than likely you would expect efficient
outcome.
e. Loans for students who wish to attend college
f. Housing – I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The change would raise the insurance rates of rural and suburban residents, and lower the rates of
urban residents. Is such a policy efficient? This is an example of the Pareto efficient wherein an
allocation of resources such that no person can be made better off without making another person
worse off. Is it likely to improve social welfare? It's not likely to improve social welfare because
social welfare function summarizes society's preferences concerning the utility (Happiness) of each
of its member. So, if you raise insurance rates of rural and suburban and lower the insurance rates
for urban would be unfair since the regulation prohibit pricing insurance rates on geographic

The Welfare Policy Regulates All Stages Of A Child 's...
Policies are important to all that could benefit from them and could help our communities by
helping them. Also, policies are important because our government is strapped for money. Since we
face serious fiscal problems with the government running large deficits every year. Meaning we
have to be smarter about our social welfare policies. It needs to be ensure that they really work so
that they are not wasting money. Moreover, in 2004 in the United States about 3 million children
were investigated because of alleged abuse or neglect. From that investigation 872, 000 children
were confirmed victims of maltreatment; and an estimate 1,490 children died from abuse or neglect
(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006). Child welfare ... Show more content on
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The bureaucratic model that was designed to legitimize the professional aims of child welfare work
became a principal barrier to the use of family preservation models in public agencies. This
bureaucratization is traced to the efficiency paradigm that began to emerge in the early part of the
twentieth century when a shift occurred form cause to function and from the democratic to the
bureaucratic organization. Lubove described the origins of the efficiency paradigm in social work as
follows:
The quest for efficiency and administrative technique in social agency operations paralleled the
caseworker's efforts to reduce the range of intuition, subjectivity, and unpredictability in her own
work. In both cases the volunteer introduced an element of uncertainty. Neither her livelihood nor
social status depended upon conformity to agency policy or to the standards and procedures of
professional casework. Volunteer service conflicted with the administrator's desire for rational,
efficient organization and the social worker's identification with the agency as a vehicle for
professional achievement. (Lubove, 1965, p.161)
The efficiency pursued as a means for legitimizing the professional social worker has had its
consequences. Today's public child welfare agency has devolved into the organization type that
sociologist, Max Weber feared in defining the pure bureaucratic type: bureaucratic efficiency has
reduced the organization's capacity to respond to

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