How Did The Catholic Reformation Influence The Development...

How Did The Catholic Reformation Influence The Development...
Originating in Rome during the sixteenth century, Baroque art emerged during the Protestant
Reformation. With the creation of Lutherism and Calvinism Europe was politically and religiously
re–shaped. With the influence of new religions dominating various European nations, the Catholic
Reformation was created as a response to the outburst of Luther's actions. The Council of Trent in
1545–63 was a part in the rise of Baroque artistry in Europe. The Catholic Church created the
Counter Reformation as means to reinstate their influence as well as persuade people to support the
church. In Spain and Italy Baroque artists adapted the religious topics derived from the Catholic
Reformation. With characteristics such as contrasting light and dark shades
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Giovanni Battista Gaulli's Baciccio: The Triumph Of Jesus
The artist that I chose is Giovanni Battista Gaulli who is also referred to the name of Baciccio as
well. He is from Italy and lived in a place called Genoa and was born on May 8, 1639, and was
baptized on May 10th two days after his birth and then lived the remaining of his life until his death
in 1709. Gaulli, lived there with his whole family up until the age of eighteen when his family
passed away from the plague which then he became an orphan. Gaulli then decided to leave for
Rome to start a new life. He was an adamant and determined young man to have so much
unfortunate in his life with his family dying like that and then setting off to try and make a life for
himself in Rome, Italy.
Gaulli was a well–known artist in the years of 1672–1685, with his painting in the Mother Church
of the Jesuit, II Gesu, which is in Rome Italy. His technique was using the fresco method, and the
illusions in his artwork are breathtaking. The colors in the artwork coming from the oils that he used
are outstanding. He is well–known throughout the world of art. The one piece is called the "Triumph
of the Name of Jesus." He created this in the nave that is the part where the congregation to show
them during the Counter–Reformation that if they left the Catholic Church they would not be
welcomed in the heavens and their destiny would be purgatory. The other ... Show more content on
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He was commissioned after words from Pamphili to decorate the pendentives with oil sketches in
Saint Agnese I Piazza Navona. After this commission, he then left to Correggio that is in Parma, and
again Bernini gave Gaulli a letter that was for Duke of Modena, and in that letter, he asked for
Gaulli to receive commissions for portraits. Bernini was a huge influence on Gaulli's career, again
with him introducing him to the Pope and Alexander VII that was another step towards the
"Triumph of the Name of

The Ceiling Art of Pozzo's Triumph of Sain Ignatius of...
#######poorly written######Pozzo's Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola is on the ceiling of the
Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome, and was painted from 1685–1694. It is approximately 56 feet by
115 feet across the ceiling, and uses a quadratura perspective to create an almost three dimensional
effect. While the effect makes the center look much higher, it is actually painted on an arched
ceiling called a barrel vault. This is a fresco painting, a type of coloring that made the painting
integral to the construction of the building or item. Inside the Church of Sant'Ignazio, there is a
single white tile indicating where the viewer is intended to stand to truly appreciate Pozzo's work.
The scene illustrates many different saints and other highly viewed people, all ascending towards
the sky. There is also allegorical figures of the 4 continents (America, Europe, Africa, and Asia)
attached to the side of the buildings windows at the base of the painting. The scene is filled with
cherubs that seem to be aiding the continents and saints. At the center of the painting, Saint Ignatius
is following Christ into heaven, with beams of light coming from his body towards the four
continents. The arches at the ends of the painting also add to the illusion that the center of the
painting is much higher than the rest of it. Saint Francis Xavier is also shown in the work ascending
towards the heavens.
Context
In the 1600s, Rome was becoming one of the cultural hotspots in Italy. During the

Baciccio Gaulli's Triumph Of The Name Of Jesus
At the crest of the Church of the Gesù in Rome, an aureate burst attracts an equivalent infinity of
attention to the infinity of light that it emits. Borne of Italian baroque painter Giovanni Battista
"Baciccio" Gaulli, this aureate burst is the center of the illusionistic ceiling fresco Triumph of the
Name of Jesus. It is initially unclear what is being beheld, but it demands attention nonetheless. By
simultaneously depicting and inciting the spectacle of this aureate burst, Gaulli arouses a discussion
of the nature of visual representation and the fundamental role of a viewer. Gaulli asserts his
position as an artist and emphasizes the viewer's duty to an image–and to an artist–by demanding
the viewer to include themselves among the enamored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The gazes of the fresco's subjects run along this depth axis towards a point that lies beyond the
coronal plane of the fresco. This intersection of gazes to a point beyond the plane of the visual text
is reminiscent of those in Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas, on which critical theorist Michel
Foucault comments, referring to the gazes of the model, the spectator, and the painter, "These three
'observing' functions come together in a point exterior to the picture: that is, an ideal point in
relation to what is represented, but a perfectly real one too, since it is also the starting–point that
makes the representation possible" (15). Gaulli's Triumph of the Name of Jesus, once again, is a
visual text that is viewed di sotto in sù, the viewer's gaze turned skyward to partake of the text. This
viewing takes place across a vertical space–a distance between the viewer on ground level and the
vaulted ceiling–that is pronounced by a set of trompe–l'œils that the viewer is responsible for
reconciling. The aforementioned disruptions of visual boundaries and patterns in the text, the
disruptions of media boundaries from paint to sculpture to architecture, and the artificial shadows
projected by the painted figures all contribute to the viewer's ability to perceive this depth axis and
focus on the burst of light that resides at a point beyond the coronal plane of the

Essay about Mannerism in Florence and Rome
Mannerism in Florence and Rome
– considered to be more self– consciously "artificial"
– derived from aspects of Raphael and Michelangelo
– cold formalism was considered to be inner vision
Rosso
– (1494–1540), Italian painter, whose early works helped define Italian mannerism
– later was a founder of French mannerism
– was born Giovanni Battista di Jacopo di Guasparre in Florence
– early work had odd perspectives, violent colors, and harsh lighting
– 1523 Rosso moved to Rome, where he was influenced by Italian artist Michelangelo and Italian
mannerist painter Parmigianino
– work then acquired new beauty and expressed more tempered emotions
Pontormo
– (1494–1557), Italian painter, whose style is marked by elongated ... Show more content on
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– not as much as unique personality or individualistic
– lavishly ornate costume
Anguissola
– (1527–1625), Italian painter, who specialized in portraits and was an important role model for
other female Italian artists
– Born in Cremona, Anguissola was the eldest and best known of six sisters, all of whom were
artists
– early works were mostly self–portraits and portraits of her family
Portrait of the Artists Sister Minerva
– said that her best work was of relatives
– intimate, charming portraits
Mannerism in Venice Tintoretto
– (1518–1594), Venetian painter, one of the foremost artists of the late 16th century
– studied briefly with Venetian master Titian and also studied the works of Florentine mannerist
painters Michelangelo and Jacopo Sansovino
– incorporated these artists' different techniques, with striking results, in his paintings of the 1540s
– spatial illusions, and intense colors to create an impression of action
– later intensified his style, with techniques such as contrasts of brilliant light and cavernous dark
that made color relatively insignificant, eccentric viewpoints, and extreme foreshortening to

heighten the drama of the events portrayed
–smoke from oil lamp turns into clouds of angels
–Christ offers bread and wine as body and blood, to the apostles
–Judas is seen on the far side, can be confused with an attendant
El Greco
–greatest mannerist painter, named Domenikos Theotocopoulos, El Greco
–came to Venice to learn from

The Jesuits Research Paper
The Jesuits, also known as the Society of Jesus, are an all male Roman Catholic order that was
founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540. The primary message of the Jesuits are to "find God in all
things", and to make "men and women for others". Each Jesuit takes a vow of poverty, chastity, and
obedience. The current pope of the Catholic church, Pope Francis, is a Jesuit. The Jesuit order is
committed to doing justice all around the world. In Cleveland the Jesuits can be found at Gesu
Grade School, St. Ignatius High School, and John Carroll University. In Cleveland, the Jesuit order
founded St. Ignatius in 1886. All three Jesuit schools in the Cleveland area are highly active in
serving those who need help, especially those in the inner city. The ... Show more content on
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The Jesuits and Marianist have many similarities and differences among their communities. In the
Marianist community they too are very much involved in wide variety of people such as, education,
parishes, and spirituality centers. Just as the Jesuits are focused on diversity, so are the Marinist. The
Marianist community consisted of Priest and Brothers which eventually spread to the Sisters, while
the Jesuits are mainly made up of just Priests and Brothers. The mission of the Marianist is to seek
the gospel through service and the lives of others. With the guidance of Mary, the Marianist work
together to find faith to help serve others for their dignity, liberation, and justice. The Marianist look
at Mary as a model of faith and guidance to help carry out God's plan to serve others. Mary is their
model of faith, just as Jesus is the Jesuits model of faith. Marianist put the presence of Jesus among
not only themselves but for others. Both Jesuits and Marianists value living, praying, and supporting
the community which strengthens the world, mainly those in poverty. The Marianists has a similar
mission statement to the Jesuits as they both "live in a community as equals." The difference
between each of the mission statements are that the Marianists "minister with the youth and
solidarity of the poor." Both religious orders contribute to today's society by making Cleveland a
better place through work of God and His

Franciscans Vs Jesuits
Christianity is widely known as being one of the largest and fastest spreading religions in the world.
A unique aspect of Christianity is its ability to accommodate many different ways of thinking and
living. In just Catholicism alone, there are multiple different religious institutes, orders, and
congregations, one of which being the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. In the 16th century,
evangelization –the spreading of the word of Jesus– along with the expansion of Europe to Africa,
Asia, and the Americas, are reason for the vast amount of missionaries and practicing Christians
around the globe. The missions and evangelicalism of the early Jesuits was the most lucrative spread
of Christianity since the early church. By 1550, Christianity ... Show more content on
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The many aspects of the outside of this church alone reveal that it is a Jesuit Church. The use of
baroque architecture is a major factor in distinguishing buildings of this time from one another. The
Gesu is the first major building featuring Baroque, which is significant to the Counter–Reformation,
and it is also the template for Jesuit churches around the world. Baroque architecture followed
renaissance art from the Middle Ages. The many aspects of this style make it feel as if it is going
against the norm. Architects aspire to make baroque buildings look as if they are sculpted and
contoured, rather than mathematically planned. Using techniques to make walls look curved
together as one single entity is a way baroque artists integrated movement into architecture. Unique
ground plans of oval or ellipse shape are a distinguished aspect of baroque, in contrast to the circles,
squares, and Greek crosses used in the renaissance. Architecturally, the Gesu is a marvel. It is the
second largest in size, following St. Peters Basilica, and also has one of the largest domes in Rome.
The baroque aspect of the dome is its inability to be seen from the front of the church, it is only
viewable from the sides. In addition, the pillars on the exterior are in even pairs of two lining the
front wall, however they are carved out of the stone, not standing independently. Despite this, the
pillars still

Time Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time...
Two time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One
time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a
painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral's dome, and a book called
The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in
this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting
in an opera house, canvas painting of St. Petersburg, and a play called Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
These artifacts give us a glimpse of world events, and cultural patterns in the Renaissance and
Baroque time period.
The first artifact that is pulled out of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another canvas lay rolled up at the bottom of the time capsule. Once unrolled, a beautiful drawing
on canvas of the Florence Cathedral's dome was revealed. The dome was designed by Filippo
Brunelleschi, drawn in 1420. This dome was the largest ever built in history in this era. Flippo
Brunelleschi used new methods of hoisting stone and masonry technique to construct the dome
(Fiero, 2011). The Florence Cathedral highly reflects the Architectural development of the early
Renaissance period. It also reflects how devoted Rome was to their religion, and how religion
influenced the Romans to build magnificent architecture for a place to worship.
A book lay at the bottom of the renaissance time capsule called The Decameron, by Giovanni
Boccaccio. This book has 100 tales about seven young women and three young men who took
shelter in a secluded villa in Florence, to escape the Black Death plague. This book shows the social
class difference that was taking place during this time period within the culture. The book also goes
into detail of what took place during the pandemic and the horrors people were faced with. This
book is also a product of the printing press made in 1450. This allowed documentation, information,
and books such as The Decameron, to be printed and passed around the world.
As the second time capsule is open the artifacts inside are from the

Art History Study Guide
Periods and their Artists * Chapter 3 Egypt * Old Kingdom (2700–2190 BCE) * Imhotep – Stepped
Pyramid of Djoser * Chapter 5 Ancient Greece * Archaic (600–480 BCE) * Andokides Painter –
Achilles and Ajax * Ergotimos –[and Kleitius] Fracois Vase * Euphronios –Death of Sarpedon *
Exekias –Achilles and Ajax; Suicide of Ajax; Dionysis in a Boat * Polykleitos –Doryphoros *
Classical (480–320 BCE) * Kalikrates –Temple of Athena Nike; [ and Iktinos] Parthenon * Lysippos
–Apoxyomenos * Mnesikles –Propylaia, Erechtheion[Porch of the Maidens] * Myron –Diskobolos
* Phidias –Acropolis; 3 Seated Goddesses E. Ped. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Led to Execution; Dead Christ * Masaccio –Tribute Money/ Expulsion in the [and Masolono,
Filippino Lippi] Brancacci Chapel; Trinity with Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors *
Michelozzo –Palazzo Medici Ricardi * Perugino –Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Sistine Chapel *
Pollaiuolo –Hercules and Antaeus; Battle of the Ten Nudes * Robbia, Luca della –Madonna and
Child with Lilies, Orsanmichele * Rosselino –Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, Santa Croce * Signorelli –
Damned Cast into Hell * Uccello –Battle of San Romano * Verrocchio –David; Bartolommeo
Colleoni * Chapter 22 Italy (16th century) * High Renaissance (1500–1550) * Bellini, Giovanni –
San Zaccaria Altarpiece; [and Titian] Feast of the Gods * Bramante –St. Peter's, Rome; Tempieto *
Correggio –Assumption * Da Vinci –Virgin (Madonna) of the Rocks; Virgin and Child with St.
Anne and Infant St. John; Last Supper, Refectory; Mona Lisa * del Sarto, Andrea –Madonna of the
Harpies * Giorgione –Pastoral Symphony; The Tempest * Michelangelo –Pieta/Dome, St. Peter's,
Rome; Bacchus; David; Moses, tomb of Julius II; Bound Slave; Prisoner; Sistine Chapel Ceiling:
Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve, Temptation, Expulsion, Erythraean Sibyl, Prophet Jeremiah,
Last Judgment; Dani Tondo (aka Holy Family); Tomb of

Why Is Brunelleschi Important To The Renaissance
Florence was a very important city during the Renaissance. The renaissance was a time of
humanism, which was the belief that humans are greater than deity and supernatural. With this
change came increase in the arts such as writers, painters, sculptures, architects, and more. A place
that exhibits the change due to the renaissance is Brunelleschi's Dome in Florence.
Brunelleschi's Dome is a great specimen of architecture created by the architect Brunelleschi. This
building has a great bit of detail contributed to it which signifies its importance to the Renaissance.
This building covers the Florence Cathedral and was the biggest dome in the world at that time.
Lisbon Is located in Portugal and was important to the European exploration. Here ... Show more
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This is a very important monument to Lisbon, showing significance to the exploration made by
Prince Henry and other explorers. This monument was built so that they could know when they got
back home.
Wittenberg holds the home of Martin Luther making it an important act of the Reformation. The
reformation was started by more than one individual although the first start was created by Marin
Luther. He nailed his 95 These on the door of the Catholic church listing all that was wrong with the
Catholic Church. This was a very big deal and even led to him being excommunicated. The
Lutherhaus would definitely be something to see while you visit.
Lutherhaus is the house of Martin Luther. This is a good example of the Reformation because it is
home to one of the very men who stated the Reformation, a big art of history. Luther decided to
share his beliefs on what was wrong with the Catholics which started a big commotion and changed
the lives of many people living during this time. He was a very big part of history, and his house
would be a cool place to visit and see what it was like for him in this time

Dr Pio Research Paper
Padre Pio was born in Italy on May 25, 1887. His family was very poor but taught him great values
of life. At a young age, Padre Pio proved he was devoted to God. At the age of five, he dedicated his
life to God. From early in his childhood, he showed a tremendous recollection of spirit and a love
for religious life around him. He was once described as a young boy who loved to go to church and
to pray. He was able to see and communicate with his guardian angel, Jesus, and the Virgin Mary. In
his simplicity, Francesco assumed everyone had the same experiences. When he was fifteen years
old, he was admitted to the novitiate of the Capuchin Order of the Friars Minor in Morcone, Italy.
On August 10, 1910, at the age of twenty–three, Padre Pio was ordained to the priesthood. Due to
the long pauses of meditation in silence of which he entered at parts of the Holy Sacrifice, his Mass
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He wrote, "For a long time I have felt in myself a need to offer myself to the Lord as a victim for
poor sinners and for the souls in Purgatory. This desire has been growing continually in my heart so
that it has now become what I would call a strong passion. It seems to me that Jesus wants this."
Saint Padre Pio died on September 23, 1968. He died with his Rosary in his hands. His last words
were "Gesú, Maria." He had often proclaimed, "After my death I will do more. My real mission will
begin after my death." The influence he had been among the church would be enough for most, but
Padre Pio thought he could do more. His prayer life was maybe the greatest of all saints. His day
began at 2:30 a.m. when he would begin his prayers and prepare for Mass. Between Mass and
confessions, his workday lasted 19 hours. He mostly stayed in monastery and never missed one day
of his schedule in 51 years of

Comparing Two Different Movements
Baroque and Rococo architecture and design were two different movements that followed on one
another and featured many different similarities as well as differences that distinguished them from
one another. The Baroque movement followed the end of the Mannerism movement and grew on
some features that Mannerism is known for. When looking at Baroque architecture and design you
begin to notice the key features that Baroque is known for. The exterior, as well as the interior,
features an oversized scale. Il Gesu which is an Italian Baroque building features this. You can see
on the front facade that the door is extremely tiny compared to the large scale of the building. Also
on the exterior, there are cartouches which as designed to showcase an individual and mark who that
individual is. This is also featured on the inside of the buildings as well, in Il Gesu when you walk
in you are meant to feel small and tiny which was the design intent behind the dramatically large
scales. The design intent is due to the fact that they wanted you to fell small and superior to the
higher power, as in God. During the Baroque movement, religious leaders want you to get back into
the church after the reform with Martin Luther and Lutherism. This symbol of higher power was ...
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Both feature very he large unproportioned buildings seen both in the interior and the exterior. They
are also very elaborate and feature various design elements on the ceilings. The two movements are
different in many ways, first being the color scheme on the interior the Baroque movement features
a cool toned interior will all of the stones, and the Rococo movement has pastels in the interior. The
Baroque movement also had the use cartouches, which was not seen the Rococo movement, but
rather the delicate motifs such as the Tolle de Joy. Lighting effects were also used in Baroque
buildings and not used in

Exploring The Idea Of The Baroque Art Era
For my Installation piece I have decided to explore the idea of The Baroque Art Era. The Baroque is
a period of artistic style that concentrated on exaggerated processes and lavish designs.
Starting in Rome in the early 1600's, The Baroque style began after the Roman Church was in the
middle of monumental internal reform, attempting to address the representation of the arts within
the society of the time. They believed that a change in the way art was delivered to the masses was
necessary to reach a larger audience.
The Council of Trent believed that the paintings and sculptures in the church needed to appeal to the
masses and therefore their context and story should be able to speak to the illiterate and not just the
well–educated and informed. This consequently saw the style turn deliberately from the witty,
intellectual characteristics of the 16th century Mannerist art, to a more internal appeal aimed at the
senses. It created an art that was direct, simple and obvious but theatrical.
Swiss Art Historian, Heinrich Wolffin defined The Baroque as "the age where the oval replaced the
circle as the center of the composition and the colouristic and "painterly" effects began to become
more prominent".
Examples of Baroque paintings and designs can be seen in Peitro da Cortona's works, including the
Glorification of the Reign of Urban VIII created in 1633. His use of dynamic composition, irrational
lighting, dramatic gestures and poses, and miraculous effects accentuate the

Art History Application Essay
Nowadays, everyone has a particular talent or interest that separates them from the pack. From a
little age, my passion lied in my utter fascination of numbers and math. Whether I recalled sport
stats or my teammates' swim times to adding the total for the grocery, math has always been in my
blood. Nevertheless, in the midst of my junior year, I discovered a newfound passion for art, while
taking AP Art History. Art, an unexpected passion, truly surprised me. Ever since I was little, I was
never artistically inclined. In fact, in middle school, the best artworks I created were collages, as
further evidence of my absent artistic talent. What I lack in talent, I make up for in memory, passion
for knowledge, and an eager curiosity. Art History ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lovett, my art history professor, a true inspiration, opened my eyes to a whole new world of rich
ancient history, culture, and expression. From the beginning of time, art was utilized as a medium to
tell a story, and ever since, society has turned to different medias of art– sculpture, print, conceptual
performance, installations, drawings, oil on canvas, and paintings– to reflect on the current situation
and express themselves. For instance, a chaotic era of war reflected in Weary Herakles, a bronze
Greek Late Classical sculpture (Peloponnesian wars), the politically rebellious bravado evident in
Goya's Third of May, Romantic prints, or in Delacroix's Lady Liberty the People, and even the
religious power struggle between the Protestants and Catholics, apparent in the exuberance of
Giacomo de la Porta's Il Gesu, a Baroque Catholic church, or in Lucas Cranach's Allegory of Law
and Grace, a Northern Renaissance metal print. My greatest accomplishment in this class was
designing an art exhibition featuring works from ancient to modern times, all linked by one common
theme, Rebels in the History of Art. The gallery contained revolutionary works such as Giotto's
Arena Chapel, Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters, Manet's Olympia, Duchamp's Fountain,
Monet's Saint Lazare Station , Kandisky's Improvisation 28, and other groundbreaking works.
Moreover, the story behind each artwork has motivated me to further explore the art world in
college as I intend to not only pursue

Giovanni Lanfranco: Triumph Of The Church
Triumph of the name of Jesus
One of the first masterpieces of the Baroque was the Assumption of the Virgin (1625–1627)
Giovanni Lanfranco painted on the huge dome of the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome.
Although this cool had its precedent in Renaissance he painted ceilings Correggio in Parma,
admired viewers of the time for its lush illusions. The works of Lanfranco in Rome (1613–1630)
and Naples (1634–1646) were instrumental in the development of this type of painting in Italy.
The fresco vaulted ceilings and prospects that created illusions and large scenes seen from the
bottom up was a technique used by painters of the Baroque. Pietro Berrettini, known as Pietro da
Cortona, showed extraordinarily handled in such works as the ceilings

How Did The Catholic Reformation Influence The Development...

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