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1. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGER
Presentation On

2. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
DEFINITION :
The shell and tube exchanger consists of a shell, with a large number of tubes,
attached to an end plate and arranged in a fashion where two fluids can exchange
heat without the fluids coming in contact with each other.
SIZE :
Size of shell & tube exchanger is designated by numbers describing shell
diameter & tube lengths.
e.g. SIZE 23-192 (591-4877) TYPE AES
SHELL AND TUBE EXCHANGER GEOMETRY
Shell and tube exchanger is divided into three parts:
 Front head,
 Shell,
 Rear head.

3. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

4. Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
APPLICABILITY OF TEMA
The TEMA Mechanical Standards are applicable to shell and tube heat exchanger
which do not exceeds any of the following criteria.
 inside Diameter of 100 in. (2540 mm)
 a design pressure of 3,000 psi (20684 kPa)
 product of nominal diameter, in. (mm) & design pressure, psi (kPa) of 1,00,000
(17.5 × 106)
the intent of these parameters is to limit the maximum shell wall thickness to
approximately 3 in. (76mm),and maximum stud diameter to approximately 4 in.
(102 mm).

5. CLASSIFICATION
According to service TEMA classifies heat exchanger into three classes :
• CLASS “R” : It refers to design and fabrication of shell and tube
exchangers for severe requirements of petroleum and related processing
application.
• CLASS “C” : It refers to design and fabrication of shell and tube
exchangers for moderate requirements commercial and general process
application.
• CLASS “B” : It refers to design and fabrication of shell and tube
exchangers for chemical process service.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

6. DESIGN STEPS :
 SHELL THICKNESS :
Shell thickness is calculated according to UG-27 (ASME SEC-VIII DIV 1) & is
compared with MINIMUM SHELL THICKNESS TABLE R-3.13 in TEMA .
 TUBE THICKNESS :
TEMA defines the minimum tube thickness depending upon tube O.D. and
material of construction.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
 TUBE PATTERN :

7.  TUBE PITCH :
( Pitch min = 1.25 × tube O.D.) .
Presentation title
 STANDARD TUBE LENGTH :
8 (2438), 10 (3048), 12 (3658), 16 (4877), and 20 (6096) ft. (mm).
 BAFFLES :
It creates turbulence inside the shell due to cross flow and also provides support
to the tubes.
TRANSVERSE BAFFLE TYPE :
SINGLE SEGMENTAL DOUBLE SEGMENTAL TRIPLE SEGMENTAL

8.  BAFFLE THICKNESS : (TEMA TABLE R-4.41)
 BAFFLE CLEARANCE : (TEMA TABLE RCB-4.3)
 TUBE HOLES IN BAFFLE :
Tube holes have over tolerance of 0.3 mm
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
 BAFFLE SPACING :
Minimum baffle spacing shall be greater of 1/5 of shell I.D or 51 mm.
Maximum baffle spacing depends on tube O.D. and material of construction of
tubes.
 TIE RODS AND SPACERS :
Tie rods and spacers are provided for holding and positioning the baffle
system together.

9.  TUBESHEET :
 NUMBER AND SIZE OF TIE RODS :
Tie rod diameter and minimum number of tie rods are selected based on
shell inside diameter.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
 SEALING DEVICES :
Sealing devices used are seal strips, tie rods with spacers, dummy rods, or
combination of these.

10.  LOADING CONDITIONS :
1) Tube side pressure Pt acting only (Ps = 0), without differential thermal expansion.
2) Shell side pressure Ps acting only (Pt = 0), without differential thermal expansion.
3) Tube side pressure Pt and shell side pressure Ps acting simultaneously, without
differential thermal expansion.
4) Differential thermal expansion acting only (Pt = 0, Ps = 0).
5) Tube side pressure acting (Ps = 0), with differential thermal expansion.
6) Shell side pressure acting (Pt = 0), with differential thermal expansion.
7) Tube side pressure Pt and shell side pressure Ps acting simultaneously, with
differential thermal expansion.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

11. THANK YOU
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger