Molecular

4. DNADNA

5. --
NucleotidesNucleotides..
11DeoxyriboseDeoxyribose..
22
33

6. DeoxyriboseDeoxyriboseDeoxyriboseDeoxyribose

7. DNADNA
DNA Sugar + Phosphate + BasesDNA Sugar + Phosphate + Bases
DNADNA
11AAGG.(.(
22CCTT.(.(

8. ‫ةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬‫ةةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬
‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬‫ةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬‫ةةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬

9. 55sugar 3 – phosphate – 5 sugar 3 - phosphatesugar 3 – phosphate – 5 sugar 3 - phosphate
phosphodiester bendphosphodiester bend55
33
33553355

11. 19531953Crick & WatsonCrick & WatsonDNADNADouble HelixDouble Helix33––5555––33GGCCAATT

14. 33
--TACGTCAG -5TACGTCAG -5
Base Pairing RuleBase Pairing Rule
55
--ATGCAGTC -3ATGCAGTC -3

15. DNADNAAA1010––1010
1110001000100100001010DNADNA44‚‚33AADNADNA1010DNADNA3434
AA..

17. DNADNADenaturationDenaturationDNADNAAnnealingAnnealing..
DNADNA::

18. 11DenaturationDenaturation::
MeltingMeltingDNADNADNADNA
DenaturationDenaturation
11TranscriptionTranscription..
22ReplicationReplication..
33RecombinationRecombination..

19. 22AnnealingAnnealing::
RenaturationRenaturationDNADNA..

22. HeatHeat
ColdCold
A-TA-TG-CG-C G-CG-C

23. DNADNA::
A=TA=T.(.(
AnnealingAnnealingDNADNADouble HelixDouble Helix..

24. pHpH::
::
DNADNADNADNA.(.(
DNADNADNADNABufferBuffer.(.(

25. DNADNAPCRPCR..