5. Bryophytes
The first plant group above the
water line.
Only non-vascular group, lacks
upright structure.
Use diffusion of water to hydrate
cells.
Depends on damp environment
and access to water.
Also requires water for sperm to
swim through to eggs.
Unique to bryophytes, the
gametophyte is dominant and
sporophyte is simple and
relatively smaller.
6.
7. As a
Non-Renewable
Resource
•Plant pioneers out of the
water and onto dry land.
•Maintain the Earth’s
ecosystem’s humidity
levels.
•As sponges, they
maintain humidity over
dry periods and prevent
rapid run-off and
flooding.
•Example: The increase
of flooding in India can
be partly attributed to the
loss of bryophytes in the
Himalayan forests.
9. Basic Information
Ferns usually grow in tropical
areas
Vascular plants with internal
vein structures
Reproduce from spores and an
intermediate stage called
gametophyte
10. Reproduction
Patches stuck to the pinnae
Patches are where you find the spores
Spores grow inside casings called sporangia
Take a piece of mature fertile fern frond and place it face
up so that the spore material is on the underneath of the
frond , then leave it overnight, you’re likely to find the
next day that the spores have been released as a fine
coloured powder
They show up as a fine pattern tracing the form of the fern
frond. They can be black, brown, reddish, yellow or even
green, but they are extremely small. Each of these spores
is capable - through a circuitous process - of growing into
an adult fern.
11.
12. Interesting Facts
There are about 12,000 different types of Ferns
These plants are among the oldest living organisms on the
planet; they existed on the planet for nearly 400 million
years.
Reproduction of ferns takes place in two morphologically
different phases known as sporophyte and gametophyte
Ferns can absorb heavy metals from the air and soil. They
can be used to prevent pollution or for the cleaning of
already polluted areas
Ferns are able to absorb nitrogen from the air. Because of
this feature, some farmers use ferns as natural fertilizers
on the rice fields
13. Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms include conifers (redwoods,
sequoias, cedars, junipers, pine trees)
Coniferous forests cover much of Northern
Eurasia and North America
Almost 200 million acres of coniferous forests
are in national forests
Conifers are the tallest organisms in the world
14.
15. Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms can reproduce without water due
to their pollen, which can be transferred by
wind.
Gymnosperms advanced ahead of bryophytes
and ferns this way
16. Gymnosperms
Our ecosystems provide medicinal plants, food,
timber, clean air and water, and homes for
wildlife
About 1 billion of our population relies on
forests
We deforest by doing slash and burn, ranching,
excessive logging for timber
The effects are irreversible
17. Gymnosperms
Forests soak up carbon dioxide
Global warming is worsening due to
deforestation
15% of greenhouse gases emissions are already
due to deforestation
18.
19. Angiosperm
Basic Information
Angiosperms are vascular plants.
Angiosperms are reproductive
plants, producing gametophytes in
order to produce an ovule that will
later on develop into a seed.
Basic sex organs include: sepals,
petals, stamens, anther, carpel,
ovary and stigma.
20.
21. Different Types of
Angiosperms
Monocots
Have only one seed
leaf, and include veins
in the leaves, flower
parts are in multiples
of 3 and there are
scattered vascular
bundles within the
plant
Examples: corn, grass,
palm trees
Dicots
Have two seed leaves,
netlike vein patterns in
leaves, flower parts are
in multiples of 4 or 5
and vascular bundles
are in distinct rings
within the plant
Examples: roses,
sunflowers, cacti, and
apple and cherry trees
23. Angiosperms Importance
to the Ecosystem
Angiosperms are the primary food
source for animals.
They provide us with oxygen for us
to breathe.
The provide lumber for buildings
and other objects.
They are the basis for many drugs.
