English: Direct and indirect speech

1. Direct and
Indirect
Speech
Naufal Arvien
Nieza Zahra
Nisrina
Sriwahyuni

2. Direct Speech
 Also known as
Quoted Speech
 Saying exactly what
someone has said
 Here what a person
says appears within
quotation marks ("...")
and should be word
for word.

3. Direct Speech
Example:
Devta said, “Today
is my birthday.”
or
“Today is my
birthday”, Devta
said.

4. Indirect Speech
 Also known as Reported Speech
 Indirect speech doesn't use quotation
marks (“__”) to enclose what the person
said and it doesn't have to be word for
word.
 The tense usually changes. It’s because
when we use reported speech, we are
usually talking about a time in the past.
So, The verbs usually have to be in the
past too.

5. Indirect Speech
Example:
Direct speech:
"I'm going to the beach", he said.
Indirect speech:
He said he was going to the
beach.

6. Tense Change

7. Tense Change
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

8. Tense change
Direct
1. V1 (ex: eat)
2. V2 (ate)
3. Am/is/are
4. Do/does
5. Do/does not
6. Did not
7. Was/were
8. Am/is/are + V-ing
9. Was/were + V-ing
10. Has/have + V3
11. Will/shall/can/may/must
12. Could/mught/should/ would
+ V1/be
Indirect
1. V2 (ex: ate)
2. Had + V3 (had been)
3. Was/were
4. Did
5. Did not
6. Had not/V3
7. Had been
8. Was/were + V-ing
9. Had been + V-ing
10. Had + V3
11. Would/should/could/might/
had to
12. Could/mught/should/would +
V3/been

9. Time Change
Now > Then
Yesterday > The day before
Next week > The week after/The
following week
Tomorrow > The next day/The following
day
….Ago > ….Before
Today > That day
Last Month > The month before/The
previous month

10. Other Changes
• Here > There
• This > That
• These > Those

11. Reported Speech

12. Statement
• Keyword: using ‘that’
• Example:
– Direct: “I never eat meat”, Ivan
said. (present)
– Indirect: Ivan said that he never
ate meat. (past)

13. Question
1. For ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question, using ‘if’ or ‘whether’
Example:
– Direct: “Is anyone there?” Riri asked. (present)
– Indirect: Riri asked if anyone was there. (past)
2. For Wh-Q using Wh-Q (what, where, why, when)
Example:
– Direct: “Why didn’t you change your clothes?” Mom
asked. (present)
– Indirect: Mom asked me why I hadn’t changed my
clothes. (past)

14. Command, request, advice
• (+) to inform
• (-) not to inform
• Example:
– Direct: “Tidy your room, Bob!” (command)
Indirect: He told Bob to tidy his room.
– Direct: “May I borrow your cellphone?” (request)
Indirect: She asked to borrow my cellphone
– Direct: “Don’t betray your girlfriend!”
Indirect: Mom warned me not to betray my girlfriend.
– Direct: “You’d better run before they catch you!” (advice)
Indirect: Iwan advised me to run before they catch me.

16. Answers
1. Nisrina said that Princess had called the
doctor to her house the day before.
2. Rifa asked if he might have a kiss
3. “I had already been waiting for 3 years”, she
said
4. “Don’t eat chocopie too much!”, warned
them
5. “Throw the ball into the ring!” asked Upal.

17. Thanks for your attention,
bro, sis B-)