1.
Infinitives The final verbal…..

2.
Infinitives <ul><li>are verbals which means they are verbs that act as other parts of speech. </li></ul><ul><li>Remember the other verbals? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Participles act as ADJECTIVES. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Gerunds act as NOUNS, which in turn act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, objects of prepositions, and appositives. </li></ul></ul>

3.
Infinitives <ul><li>act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs </li></ul><ul><li>An infinitive is the TO form of a verb </li></ul><ul><li>The infinitive of run… is TO RUN </li></ul><ul><li>The infinitive of scream… is TO SCREAM </li></ul><ul><li>The infinitive of eat… is TO EAT </li></ul>

4.
WARNING <ul><li>Please note the difference between the following! </li></ul><ul><li>To THE MALL and to swim </li></ul><ul><li>One is an infinitive, and the other is a prepositional phrase. Do NOT get these confused. </li></ul><ul><li>If “to” is followed by a noun or pronoun, then it is a prepositional phrase. VERBALS ARE ABOUT VERBS!  </li></ul>

5.
Infinitives as Nouns <ul><li>Just like gerunds, they act as subjects, direct objects, and predicate nominatives. NOTE: They do not act as objects of the preposition or indirect objects…. This IS different! </li></ul><ul><li>Look at the following! First, find the infinitive that is being used as a noun, and then determine which role it is playing! </li></ul>

6.
<ul><li>To err is human. </li></ul><ul><li>To err is human. Subject </li></ul><ul><li>Riff always wanted to act. </li></ul><ul><li>Riff always wanted to act . Direct object </li></ul><ul><li>Maria’s dream is to marry Tony. </li></ul>

7.
Infinitives as Adjectives <ul><li>Like all adjectives, infinitives acting as adjectives modify NOUNS or PRONOUNS! </li></ul><ul><li>The candidate to trust is Tony. </li></ul><ul><li>Note that the infinitive is to trust and that it is modifying or describing candidate. </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul>

8.
More adjective examples…. <ul><li>Those are the easiest dogs to train. </li></ul><ul><li>Those are the easiest dogs to train . (note that to train modifies DOGS. </li></ul><ul><li>He has a great ability to paint. </li></ul><ul><li>He has a great ability to paint . ( To paint modifies ability, which is a noun.) </li></ul>

9.
Infinitives as Adverbs <ul><li>Infinitives also act as adverbs; they must modify VERBS, ADJECTIVES, or other ADVERBS. </li></ul><ul><li>They act like adverb prepositional phrases. </li></ul>

10.
Infinitives as Adverbs <ul><li>Consider these examples…. </li></ul><ul><li>The team was slow to score. </li></ul><ul><li>To score modifies the word “slow.” Slow is an adjective. </li></ul><ul><li>My grandmother has come to stay. </li></ul><ul><li>To stay modifies the verb, come. </li></ul>

11.
Now…. YOU TRY!!! First, find the infinitive and then determine how it is functioning in the sentence! <ul><li>Our assignment was to read that book. </li></ul><ul><li>Our assignment was to read that book. PN </li></ul><ul><li>We were asked to memorize this poem. </li></ul><ul><li>We were asked to memorize this poem. DO </li></ul>

12.
<ul><li>He was eager to experience college. </li></ul><ul><li>He was eager to experience college. Adv. </li></ul><ul><li>The person to help you is Doc! </li></ul><ul><li>The person to help you is Doc! Adj. </li></ul><ul><li>To leave town is relaxing! </li></ul><ul><li>To leave town is relaxing! Subj. </li></ul>

13.
A final point…. <ul><li>Sometimes, an infinitive has an elliptical “to.” </li></ul><ul><li>Elliptical means silent or understood. This word is used throughout English grammar! </li></ul><ul><li>The “to” may be left out completely. </li></ul><ul><li>He will help us paddle to shore. </li></ul><ul><li>He will help us TO paddle to shore. </li></ul><ul><li>Watch out for these! </li></ul>