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5. For the three layer system shown in Figure 1 below, points b
and d are located exactly under the centre of tyres and at the
bottom of the surface layer while points c and e are located
directly under b and d and at the top of the subgrade. The
surface layer is asphalt and is assumed to be isotropic.
Determine tensile strain at points b and d and compressive
strain at points c and e in these two cases:
Case 1:The base and subgrade are isotropic materials
Case 2: The base and subgrade are cross anisotropic materials
1800 mm
330 mm
20 kN
q=750 kPa
E=4000 MPa
120 mm
b
d
E=450 MPa
250 mm
c
e
Subgrade
E=70 MPa
Figure 1
[5 Marks]
6. In the logging season, the traffic count recorded for the
Double Bailey logging unit shown in Figure 2 below is 9000
passes per year. The average axle loads are shown below. The
steering axle is single axle-single tyre and all other axles are
tandem axles with dual tyres. Determine the total traffic load
experienced by this road over one year period, expressed in
ESA. If the traffic growth is 3.0%, determine the cumulative
traffic in 30 years design period in ESA, SARa, SARc, SARs.
30 m
30 tonnes
25 tonnes
40 tonnes
35 tonnes
10 tonnes
Figure 2
[5 Marks]
7. The traffic data in Table 6 shows the number of daily axle
loads for four axle configurations (Sigle Axle-Single Tyre (SS),
Single Axle-Dual Tyres (SD), Tandem Axles-Dual Tyres (TD),
Tridem Axles-Dual Tyres (TRD). Determine the cumulative
standard axle repetitions (SAR) for the asphalt concrete,
subgrade and cemented material base, if the design period is 15
years, the geometric traffic growth rate is 2.5%.
Table 6: Daily number of axle loads for the different axle load
configurations.
SS
N/Day
SD
TD
N/Day
TRD
N/Day
(kN)
(kN)
N/Day
(kN)
(kN)
60
30
70
5
110
7
130
6
70
10
80
10
120
30
150
28
80
12
90
15
130
12
170
35
90
10
110
12
140
20
180
15
100
20
130
10
150
15
190
4
[5 Marks]
8. You have been asked to design unbound pavement structure
with chip seals in a locality with subgrade of CBR =5.0 %, see
Figure 3. The cumulative design traffic during the design period
is 10*106 ESA. If there are three alternatives of the subbase
course materials with CRB values: 20, 25, and 30%. Determine
the thickness h1 and h2 for each subbase option.
P r emium Base cour se
h1
Gr anular S ubbase
h2
S ubgr ade CBR =5.0%
Figure 3
[5 Marks]
9. The pavement cross section shown in Figure 4 below is
designed to carry 20*106 ESA. Use Circly to model the
unbound materials and subgrade as cross anisotropic
materials with sublayering and determine the critical pavement
responses under a full standard axle load. Determine the
cumulative damage factors for project reliability 97.5%. If the
pavement design is insufficient redesign the pavement cross
section to carry the design traffic. Use the performance function
shown below. Use also NZ supplement if necessary.
100 mm
200 mm
Cement S tabilised
250 mm
S ubgr ade
CBR =5.0%
Figure 4
[10 Marks]

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5. For the three layer system shown in Figure 1 below, points b .docx

  • 1. 5. For the three layer system shown in Figure 1 below, points b and d are located exactly under the centre of tyres and at the bottom of the surface layer while points c and e are located directly under b and d and at the top of the subgrade. The surface layer is asphalt and is assumed to be isotropic. Determine tensile strain at points b and d and compressive strain at points c and e in these two cases: Case 1:The base and subgrade are isotropic materials Case 2: The base and subgrade are cross anisotropic materials 1800 mm 330 mm 20 kN
  • 2.
  • 4.
  • 8.
  • 11. Figure 1 [5 Marks] 6. In the logging season, the traffic count recorded for the Double Bailey logging unit shown in Figure 2 below is 9000 passes per year. The average axle loads are shown below. The steering axle is single axle-single tyre and all other axles are tandem axles with dual tyres. Determine the total traffic load experienced by this road over one year period, expressed in ESA. If the traffic growth is 3.0%, determine the cumulative traffic in 30 years design period in ESA, SARa, SARc, SARs. 30 m
  • 12. 30 tonnes 25 tonnes 40 tonnes 35 tonnes 10 tonnes Figure 2 [5 Marks] 7. The traffic data in Table 6 shows the number of daily axle loads for four axle configurations (Sigle Axle-Single Tyre (SS), Single Axle-Dual Tyres (SD), Tandem Axles-Dual Tyres (TD), Tridem Axles-Dual Tyres (TRD). Determine the cumulative standard axle repetitions (SAR) for the asphalt concrete, subgrade and cemented material base, if the design period is 15 years, the geometric traffic growth rate is 2.5%.
  • 13. Table 6: Daily number of axle loads for the different axle load configurations. SS N/Day SD TD N/Day TRD N/Day (kN) (kN) N/Day (kN) (kN) 60 30 70 5 110 7 130 6
  • 16. 8. You have been asked to design unbound pavement structure with chip seals in a locality with subgrade of CBR =5.0 %, see Figure 3. The cumulative design traffic during the design period is 10*106 ESA. If there are three alternatives of the subbase course materials with CRB values: 20, 25, and 30%. Determine the thickness h1 and h2 for each subbase option. P r emium Base cour se h1 Gr anular S ubbase h2
  • 17. S ubgr ade CBR =5.0% Figure 3 [5 Marks] 9. The pavement cross section shown in Figure 4 below is designed to carry 20*106 ESA. Use Circly to model the unbound materials and subgrade as cross anisotropic materials with sublayering and determine the critical pavement responses under a full standard axle load. Determine the cumulative damage factors for project reliability 97.5%. If the pavement design is insufficient redesign the pavement cross section to carry the design traffic. Use the performance function shown below. Use also NZ supplement if necessary. 100 mm
  • 18. 200 mm Cement S tabilised 250 mm
  • 19. S ubgr ade CBR =5.0% Figure 4 [10 Marks]