Zoogeography is the study of the patterns of distribution and diversity of animal species across space and time. It examines both the current distribution of species and their histories to understand why they live where they do. Species distributions have changed over time due to geologic changes and dispersals. There are different branches of zoogeography including descriptive zoogeography, which studies species communities and distributions; causal zoogeography, which seeks the reasons for current distributions; and historical zoogeography, which examines the origins, extinctions, and dispersals of taxa.

1. ZOOGEOGRAPHY &
PALEONTOLOGY
Dr
. Muhammad Babar Khawar

2. ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Branch of Geography

3. DEFINITION
• Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of
the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the
Earth and planets.

4. This involves the study of
human race, their origins,
their interactions and the
they
that
have
various
affect
perceptions
regarding
ideologies
them.
Economic
geographers study
the manner in which
different products and
services are produced
and distributed in the
various niche market.
Additionally, this
branch also examines
the manner in which
wealth is distributed
over various regions
across the planet.
It deals with the physical
characteristics of the earth.
This is not limited to the
characteristics
earth’s
beneath
surface
the
on the
but also
earth and
around the earth surface.

5. Physical
Geography
Geology Climatology
Oceanograp
h y
Biogeography
Zoogeography
Phytography

6. ZOOGEOGRAPHY
 Zoogeography isthe study of the patternsof
the past, present, and future distribution of
animals (and their attributes) in nature and the
processes that regulate these distributions.
 It’s the scientific analysis of the spatial and
temporal patternsof biodiversity.

7. ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Zoogeography describes patterns of animal distribution
and species diversity.
• Why species and species diversity are distributed as they
are.

8. ZOOGEOGRAPHY
The history of an animal species must be
documented before we can understand
why it lives where it does e.g.,
• Camels originated in North America and
spread to Eurasia, Africa, and South America.
• Camels went extinct in North America 10,000
years ago.
• Today, we see true camels in Eurasia & Africa
and camel descendents (llamas, alpacas etc.)
in South America.

9. ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Geologic change isresponsible for much of the alteration
in animal distribution.
There are different types of Zoogeography.

10. Zoogeography
Branches
Applied
Zoogeography
Causal
Zoogeography
Descriptive
Zoogeography

11. Applied zoogeography deals with the geographical
distribution of both past and present animals.
In causal zoogeography we seek the causes that
are or have been operative to bring about the type of
animal distribution actually found in present-day
faunas, whether benthos, nekton, or plankton.
Descriptive Zoogeography integrates the
information on the historical and current ecology,
physiology and genetics of organisms.

12. Causal
Zoogeography
Ecological
Zoogeography
Experimental
Zoogeography
Historical
Zoogeography

13. Ecological zoogeography attempts to understand
and determine the role of the present biotic and
abiotic interactions that affect the distribution of a
particular group of animals.
Historical zoogeography is concerned with
determining and understanding the origin, extinction,
and dispersal of a particular taxon

14. Descriptive
Zoogeography
Biocoenotic
Zoogeography
Faunistic
Zoogeography
Systematic
Zoogeography
Chorology
Zoogeography

15. 1.A biocenosis or Biocoenotic Zoogeography is a biotic
community, describes the interacting organisms living
together in a habitat (biotope).
2.Chorology Zoogeography can mean the study of the
causal relations between geographical phenomena
occurring within a particular region.
3.Faunistic Zoogeography: Relating to the
distribution of animals.
4.Systematic Zoogeography is the study of the
diversification of living forms, both past and present, and
the relationships among living things through time.
Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees
(synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).