ENDOCRINE+SYSTEM.ppt

1. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

2.  consists of those glandular cells, tissues, and
organs whose products (hormones) supplement
the rapid, short-term coordinating functions of
the nervous system.

3. HORMONE
 chemical signal sent from cells in one part of an
organism to cells in another part (or parts) of the
same individual
 Chemical messenger
 Produced in very small quantities, but cause big
changes in their target cells.
 effect may be stimulatory (pencetus) or
inhibitory (perencat).

4.  Four (at least) categories of hormone-producing cells in
insects:
 1) Endocrine glands -- producing hormones and
releasing them into the circulatory system.
 2) Neurohemal organs -- store their secretory product in
a special chamber until stimulated to release it by a signal
from the nervous system (or another hormone).
 3) Neurosecretory cells -- specialized nerve cells
(neurons) that respond to stimulation by producing and
secreting specific chemical messengers. - a link between
the nervous system and the endocrine system
 4) Internal organs -- hormone-producing cells are
associated with organs like ovaries and testes, the fat body,
and parts of the digestive system

5. 1) Endocrine glands
 the largest glands are found in the prothorax:
PROTORACIC GLANDS (A)
 Produce ecdysteroids/ molting
hormones(ECDYSONE)
 stimulate synthesis of chitin and protein in
epidermal cells for MOULTING PROCESS
 Once reaches adult stage, its prothoracic glands
wither (kering/kecut):
 never molt again.
(A)
(A)

6. 2) Neurohemal organs
 1) CORPORA CARDIACA (B)
 Release prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)
 Only release PTTH when received signal from brain
 2) CORPORA ALLATA (C)
 manufacture juvenile hormone (JH),
 Inhibits(merencat) development of adult
characteristics during the immature stages
 promotes sexual maturity during
the adult stage. (B)
(B)
(C)
(C)

7. Neurosecretory cells (D)
 found in clusters, both medially and laterally in the insect's brain.
 specialized nerve cells (neurons) that respond to stimulation by
producing and secreting specific chemical
messengers. Functionally, they serve as a link between the
nervous system and the endocrine system
 secrete brain hormone
(D)
(D)
(D)

8. 4) Internal organs
 Ovaries and testes
 produce gonadal hormones: to coordinate courtship
and mating behaviors.
 Ventral ganglia in the nervous system
 eclosion hormone that helps an insect shed
(tanggal) its old exoskeleton
 bursicon: that causes hardening and tanning of the
new one.

9. Exocrine glands
 Glands that secrete their secretions into ducts
which directly empty into lumens
 Pheromones and allomones
 Known from more than 1000 spp – including
single compounds and mixtures

10.  Releaser substances – immediate effect on cns
and behavior (include social pheromones in
Isoptera and queen bees)
 Primer substances – trigger a chain of events
(sex attraction, trail following alert and others)

12.  SEMIOCHEMICAL
 chemicals that mediate interactions between
organisms
 Intraspecific:
 pheromones
 btw two members of same species
 Interspecific:
 allelochemicals
 btw 2 members from different species