Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar famous for one of the most tragic yet landmark events in the history of India. This is where the Amritsar Massacre of 1919 took place. This massacre exposed the inhuman approach of the British when the British troop cold-bloodedly open fire into an unarmed crowd without any warning by General Dyer which had assembled at enclosed park for the public meeting that was banned. There has built a memorial in the memory of peaceful people which has been marked as a national significant place in the Punjab state of India.

1. Rowlattact
TheBeginning
Massacre
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PRESENTED BY- AKSHAY JAIN
KAJAL WADHWA
Rowlatt act The
beginning
Massacre Casualties Aftermath

2. Rowlattact
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ACT
In year 1919, the British government passed the ‘Rowlatt act’ which
was passed to controls acts and capture individuals with no trial, in terms
of minor doubts, specially the indian revolutionaries.
The act was meet by widespread anger and discontent among Indians,
notably in punjab region
In India Ganhi’s call for protest against the Rawlett act achieved an
unprecedented response of furious unrest and protests. The situation
especially in punjab was deteriorating rapidly
The movement was at peak before the end of the first week of april. in
Amritsar, over 5000 people gathered at Jallianwala bagh
INTRODUCTION
Also known as Amritsar Massacre
Happened on 13TH of April in 1919

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2
On April 9,1919, two famous leaders, Dr. kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were
arrested on the basis of Rowlatt act
On 10 April 1919, there was a protest at the residence of the Deupty
Commissioner of Amritsar
The demonstration was to demand the release of two popular leaders of
Indian independence movement ,who had been earlier arrested by the
government and moved to a secret location.
In this protest soldiers fired upon civilians, buildings were looted and burned
and angry mobs killed several foreign nationals.
On 11th of April, Brigadier General R.E.H. Dyer reached Amristar and taken
the town under his control. He was given with the task of restoring order.
By the 13 April, the British government had decided to put most of the
Punjab under martial law. The Legislation restricted a number of civil liberties,
including freedom of assembly, gathering of more than four people were
banned

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At 9:00 on the morning, the traditional festival of Baisakhi, colonel Reginald Dyer, the acting
military commander for Amritsar, proceeded through the city with several city officials
By mid-afternoon thousands of Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus had gathered at Jallianwala
(which was surrounded on all sides by houses and buildings and had only one exit to)
celebrate festival, whereas non violent protestors were gathered for protesting the arrest of
two leaders
Dyer sent an aero plane to overfly the Bagh and estimate the size of crowd, that he
reported was about 6000 while the hunter commission estimates a crowd of 10000 to 20000
Dyer and his soldiers arrived. Without warning the crowd to disperse-blocked the main exit.
Dyer ordered his troops to begin shooting towards the densest sections of the crowd Firing
continued for approximately ten minutes. Cease-fire was ordered only when ammunition
were almost exhausted,after approximately 1650 rounds were spent
Many people died in stampedes or by jumping into the well on the compound to escape
the shooting
Casualties

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According to one official report of British government, an estimated
379 people were killed and about 1200 more were wounded
After they ceased firing, the troops immediately withdrew from the
place, leaving behind the dead and wounded
Since the official figures were obiously flawed regarding the size of the
crowd (6000-20000)
The casualty number quoted by the congress was more than 1500 with
approximately 1000 were being killed
The British government tried to suppress information of the massacre,
but the news spread in India
Details of the massacre did not become known in Britain until December
1919

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It was declared by the government of India on 14tgh of October in 1919 to make
a committee for inquiring the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in the state of Punjab. The
commission was later named as the hunter commission after the name of chairman
lord William hunter.
He was founded guilty and forced to get retired from the army before time in the
month of July in 1920
Reaction in Britain to the Massacre was mixed. Many condemned dyer’ s action
including Sir Winston Churchill, the secretary of war while Dyers sympathizers
raised a large fund presented to him
A Sikh teenager named UDHAM Singh was the real witness of the Massacre. He
took the revenge of his countrymen by killing the Governor Michael O’ Dwyer at
Caxton Hall of London
A committee was formed to raise voice to make memorial at the place of
Massacre in the memory of martyrs
The memorial construction was done after the independence of India at cost of Rs
9,25,000 and named as “FLAME OF LIBERTY” which was inaugurated by the first
president of India Dr. Rajendra Parsad, on the same day means 13th of April in 1961

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The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre has a deep impact on the minds of people
and it will definitely be one of the cruelest act done by the British Raj. 99
years have passed since the fateful event cemented our hatred for the
colonial empire and till date, no representative of Britain has cared enough
to apologize for the brutal act. The bullet marks are still there on the walls
of the bagh, reminding the visitor of the atrocities that were forced upon
the unarmed people and leaving him overwhelmed.This unfortunate
incident will always make us remember the sacrifices of thousands of
people to achieve our independence. And as the citizens of India, it is our
moral responsibility to make our country proud.