describe how the brain get and generate the energy.

1. ‫الرحي‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬‫م‬
Brain energy
Supervisor : Dr.Srinivas
Manay.
By Akram Mgade Alshammri.
ID:361100303

2. Objectives:
 1-What is the energy?
 2-What are sources of energy?
 3-What is the ATP?
 4-What is the brain energy?
 5-How much of energy does the brain
use?
 6-Transport of glucose:
 7-Decrease of brain energy:

3. 1-What is the energy?
Energy – the ability to cause a change
in matter (movement or a change in
position)

4. Sources of Energy:
 The neurons cannot store glucose so,
they depend on the bloodstream to
deliver a constant supply of this
precious fuel.

5. What is the ATP?
 ATP is Energy used by all Cells.
 It is adenosine Triphosphate.

6. What is the brain energy?
 Your brain cells need two times more
energy than the other cells in your
body.
Neurons, the cells that communicate
with each other, have a high demand
for energy because they're always in
a state of metabolic activity.
Even during sleep, neurons are still at
work repairing and rebuilding their
worn out structural components.

7. Conti…..
 Glucose is the most important energy
substrate in the body.
 Must be converted to ATP,(the cell’s energy
currency)
 Lactate is an altrenative energy
subsrate in the body.

8. How much of energy does the
brain use?
 The brain consumes a lot of energy to
maintain the electrostatic potentials
required for nerve impulse
transmission.
The average brain consumes 120 g of
glucose a day.
 70% of the energy is used to
maintain the Na+ , K+ membrane
potentials.
 The brain also synthesizes

9. Transport of glucose:
 Glucose is transported into the brain by the
GLUT3 glucose transporter.
 This transporter has a Km for glucose of 1.6
mM.
The blood glucose concentration is
maintained around 5 mM. So the transporter
is saturated under normal conditions. Thus
the brain has a steady continuous supply of
glucose. The steady concentration of
glucose in the brain tissue is around 1 mM.

10. :Decrease of brain energy
 If the blood glucose concentration
drops below 2.2 mM which is around
the Km of the GLUT3 transporter, the
brain is trouble.
 If the blood glucose concentration
remains below 2.2 mM, the brain
becomes dysfunctional leading to
coma and brain death.

11. Conti…
 Fatty acids cannot fuel the brain
because they cannot traverse the brain
blood barrier.
 Under prolonged starvation ketone
bodies can replace glucose as a fuel
for the brain.

12. :Conclusion
 Dependence of the brain on glucose as its
obligatory fuel derives mainly from the
blood-brain barrier (BBB), and its selective
permeability for glucose in the adult brain.
 Glucose can be supplemented, as during
strenuous physical activity when blood
lactate levels are elevated, or during
prolonged starvation when blood levels of
ketone bodies are elevated.

13. Reference :

victorW.Rodell.DavidW.Bender.at el.
Metabolism of carbohydrate. Harper’s
illustrated biochemistry 30
th
edition.
139-145.

14. Thank you