State the differences between potable and palatable water, (b) Draw a.pdf

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State the differences between potable and palatable water, (b) Draw a schematic for groundwater treatment (include all operational units). List the purpose of each operational unit. Solution a)Potable Water:Water which is good for drinking free from all infectants and proper minerals etc palatable Water:Water which is aesthitically good in apperence may or may not be good for drinking, b)Ground water treatment doesnot include much treatment units because it consists less in pathogens and pollutants. The steps involved in the treatment of water is i)Areation: After collecting water from ground it should be exposed to air for any disolved gases and odour traps. ii) Coagulation: After Aeration it should be added with alum for collecting the sediments and settles down. iii)Filteration: After coagulation the coagulants settled down should be removed by using Rapid sand filter. iv)Chlorination:Chlorine is added to water to remove bacteria and avoid further infection of bacteria. v)Distribution: After chlorination the water is distributed to all the houses through different distribution systems..

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Community Health Nursing IEnvironmental Factors Contributing to Health By, Thiru murugan Environmental Hygiene: Unit II: Environmental Factors Contributing to Health a)Water: Sources and characteristics of safe and wholesome water, Uses of water, Rain water harvesting, Water pollution, Water borne diseases & Water purification-small and large scale b)Air: Composition of air, Airborne diseases, Air pollution and its effect on health & Control of air pollution and use of safety measures. c)Waste: Refuse, garbage, excreta and sewage, Health hazards, Waste management: collection, transportation and disposal. d)Housing: Location, Type , Characteristics of good housing, Basic amenities, Town planning e)Ventilation: Types and standards of ventilation f)Lighting: Requirements of good lighting, Natural and artificial lighting & Use of solar energy g)Noise: Sources of noise, Community noise levels, Effects of noise pollution & Noise Control measures h)Arthropods: Mosquitoes, housefly, sand fly, human louse, rat fleas, rodents, ticks etc. and Control measures a)Water: Water is a essential basic need of human and all living things Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. The water is very important for life, because it is vital. The animals or humans drink water because the body needs 75% water Pure water has no colour, no taste and doesn’t smell of anything and absence of micro organism Sources: Rain water Surface water Ground water: Rain water: Natural source & pure Surface water: Lakes Ponds Streams Rivers Storage reservoir Characteristics of safe and wholesome water: Safe and wholesome water is defined as that which is free from pathogenic agents free from harmful chemical substances pleasant to taste, colorless and odorless usable for domestic purposes Uses of water: Household or domestic(drinking, preparing food, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, brushing your teeth, watering the yard and garden) Agricultural (farming gardening fisheries) Industrial (manufacturing) Recreational (swimming, water shows, boating) Environmental activities (park, street cleaning) Fire extinction (control & stoppage of fire disaster) Hydro power generation (production of electricity) Rain water harvesting: Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve rainwater by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying of rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks, roads, open grounds, etc. for later use. Components: Rainwater harvesting systems consists of the following components: Catchment (Collection): Used to collect and store Conveyance system (transport): It is used to transport the harvested water from the catchment to the recharge zone. Flush: It is used to flush out the first spell of rain. Filter: Used for filtering the collected rainwater and removing pollutants. Tanks and the recharge structures: Used to store the filtered water which is ready to use. The process of rainwater harvesting involves the collection and the

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