3. Aim
To produce safe and
portable drinking water.
150l - 67 urban habitations.
100l - 2500 rural habitations.
Source of water is Krishna and
Godavari rivers.
4. Drinking water quality requirements
Characteristics Acceptance Cause of rejection
Turbidity (NTU) 1 10
Colour 5 25
Taste and odour Unobjectionable Objectionable
pH 7.0 to 8.5 <6.0 to >9.2
Total dissolved salts (mg/l) 500 2000
Total hardness 200 600
Chlorides 200 1000
Sulphates 200 400
Fluorides 1 1.5
Nitrates 45 45
Calisum 75 200
Magnesium <30 150
5. 1. Jar test
2. Turbidity determining
3. Knowing pH
4. Alkalinity of water
5. Hardness of water
6. Total dissolved salts in water
7. Knowing iron, sulphate, nitrate and fluoride contents in
water.
List of tests conducted to water
7. Stilling chamber
Main aim is to removal of
air bubbles.
Areator
• Main aim is to expose water to air and
to add oxygen.
• Cascade areator is most commonly
used.
• Usually there are 4 to 6 steps.
8. Distribution box
Distibutes the water equally to
the flash mixer.
Flash mixer
• It is designed to mixing of lime
and alum for the purpose of
creating floc.
9. Clarifloculator
It is a combination of
flocculation and clarification in
a single tank.
Main aim is to remove sludge.
Filter beds
• Main aim is to remove the
suspended impurities in water an
enhancing the effectiveness of
disinfection.
10. Overhead tank
The clear water is send to the
overhead tank and it distributes
water equally to the all the rural
and urban areas.
11. Some of the processes involved
during water treatment
Backwashing: It is a form of
preventive Maintainance so that
filter beds can be reused.
Surface washing: In order to
produce optimum cleaning Of a
filter bed during backwashing and
To prevent mud balls.
12. Sludge removal: Waste collected
at the bottom of the CFL is removed
with the hydrostatic pressure pipes
and collected into a tank.
Sludge disposal:
13. Algal control: to prevent the water
from the algae we use algaeacids
like chlorine and copper sulfate.
Micro strainers is one of the device
to algae removal.
14. Chemicals handling and feeding:
knowing about dosing of chemicals
and installing chemical feeders for
checking dosage.
Postchlorination: To add chlorine to
the purified water to prevent it from
causing different diseases and to
control the growth of
microorganisms.
