"Galileo-EGNOS as an Asset for UTM and Security", por Ángel Rodríguez - Universidad de Sevilla.

GAUSS
Galileo-EGNOS as an Asset for UTM Safety and Security
Topic addressed: H2020-GALILEO-GSA-2017 - GALILEO-1-2017 - EGNSS Transport applications
Dr. Ángel Rodríguez Castaño
Group of Robotics, Vision and Control
University of Seville

• Introducton
• Why GAUSS?
• State of the Art Technology
• GAUSS Project
• Structure of GAUSS
• Proposal Preparaton
• Project Executon
Index

• Head of the research group: Aníbal Ollero
• More than 60 members, including
• 13 professors
• 6 PhD students
• 2 postdocs
• More details: htp://grvc.us.es
Introducton: Robotcs, Vision and Control Group (GRVC)

• ROSPIR (FP4): 1997- 1998
• DEDICS (FP4): 01/01/1996 – 30/06/1998
• FAMIMO (FP4): 01/12/1996 – 01/12/2000
• INFLAME (FP4): 01/05/1998 – 31/10/2000
• COMETS (FP5): 01/05/2002 – 30/06/2005 Scientfc Coordinator
• SPREAD (FP5): 01/01/2002 – 31/12/2004
• EUFIRELAB (FP5): 01/11/2002 – 31/10/2006
Introducton: GRVC Past European Projects

• EMBEDDED WISENTS (FP6): 01/09/2004 – 31/12/2006
• AWARE (FP6): 01/06/2006 – 31/05/2009 Coordinator
• URUS (FP6): 01/12/2006 – 30/11/2009
• CONET (FP7): 01/06/2008 – 30/11/2012
• PLANET (FP7): 01/10/2010 – 31/12/2014
• FROG (FP7): 01/10/2011 – 30/09/2014
• EC-SAFEMOBIL (FP7): 15/07/2011 – 14/07/2015
• ARCAS (FP7): 28/11/2011 – 27/11/2015 Coordinator
Introducton: GRVC Past European Projects

• ARCOW (FP7): 01/01/2014 – 31/12/2017
• MULTIDRONE (H2020): 01/01/2017 – 31/12/2019
• AEROBI (H2020): 01/12/2015 – 30/11/2018
• AEROARMS (H2020): 01/06/2015 – 31/05/2019 Coordinator
• ARIESS (H2020): 01/09/2017 – 29/02/2020
• HYFLIERS (H2020): 01/01/2018 – 31/12/2021
• GAUSS (H2020): 2018- 2021
Introducton: GRVC Current & Next European Projects

Why GAUSS?
To overcome actual limitatons of RPAS,
and bring them many steps closer to daily use
To overcome actual limitatons of RPAS,
and bring them many steps closer to daily use
 Expected a signifcant increase in the number of RPAS operatons in the incoming years.
• From just over 1 million to in excess of 5 million before 2020 only on leisure operatons.
 A precise positoning system is necessary to ensure safe and secure RPAS coordinaton
• GPS ofers an accuracy of ~10m.
 Coordinaton of RPAS in the same airspace is stll not proved
• Only demonstrated in research projects and laboratories with very specifc operatons.
 RPAS capabilites are limited by technology
• Limited operatons in BVLOS, lack of detect and avoid, vulnerable to cyber-atacks...

RPAS
Performance
Control
Comunicaton payload
Safety
No Detect & Avoid
No ERFT
Cyber-resilience
Communicaton
Lack of comunicaton with other aircrafs
Lack of comunicaton with UTM
GNSS
Total dependency of GNSS
Lack of precission (jamming, delay…)
Vulnerable to atacks (spoofng)
UTM Lack of development
“In the coming years, RPAS and their
applicatons will contnue growing in Europe,
so it is a “must-have” to manage their uses
and resolve existng limitatons, safely
unlocking market potental and, at the same
tme, ensuring own and third partes security,
including conventonal airspace users.”
“In the coming years, RPAS and their
applicatons will contnue growing in Europe,
so it is a “must-have” to manage their uses
and resolve existng limitatons, safely
unlocking market potental and, at the same
tme, ensuring own and third partes security,
including conventonal airspace users.”
Actual Limitatons of UAVs

UTM (UAS Traff Management)
 UTM consists of an standalone
ecosystem, separate but complementary
to standard ATM services. It does not
require a human operator to monitor of
every vehicle contnuously.
 The GAUSS soluton will increase
resilience in UTM operatons and, at the
same tme, ensure UTM coordinaton
capabilites to increase the number of
platorms that can share the same
airspace.
 The UTM infrastructure will beneft from
the GAUSS Galileo-EGNOS based ADS-B
soluton and encrypted air-ground
communicatons.

 Surveillance technology in which an aircraf
determines its positon via satellite
navigaton and periodically broadcasts it,
enabling it to be tracked.
 The informaton can be received by air
traffic control ground statons or other
aircrafs, to provide situatonal awareness
and allow self separaton
 ADS-B solutons can beneft the UTM
infrastructure, and allow UAS for:
• Cooperatve Detect & Avoid
• Emergency management
• Coordinately execute alternate and
escape trajectories
• Automatc: it requires no pilot or external input
• Dependent: it depends on data from the aircraf’s navigaton system
• Surveillance: aircraf positon, velocity vector, alttude…
• Broadcast: any ground staton or aircraf can monitor
ADS–B (Automatf Dependent Surveillanfe – Broadfast)

2020 Mandate ADS–B Compliant Devices Examples
Model I/O Frequence Features Price
Stratus (Appareo) Receiver
978 MHz
(UAT) and
1090 (ES) MHz
WAAS GPS receiver, a fight data recorder and
an eight-hour batery.
$549 - $899
ATX series (Aspen Avionics) Transmiter/Receiver
dual-band In,
978 MHz Out
(ATX200G)
Integrated GPS/WAAS. Integrates Aspen’s
Lynx NGT-9000 dual-band MultLink
Surveillance System
$3,495 - $5,495
KGX 150 (Bendix/King) Transceiver
978 MHz
(UAT)
Below 18,000 feet. Integrated WAAS GPS.
Optonal wireless capability to display trafc
and weather on a tablet.
$1,489 - $4,069
XGPS190 (Dual Electronics) Receiver
dual band
(978/1090
MHz)
Includes an AHRS artfcial horizon for EFB
apps with synthetc vision. Connects to up to
2 devices via Bluetooth.
$849
GDL 88 and GTX series (Garmin) Transceiver
dual-link 978
MHx (UAT)
Receives FIS-B subscripton-free weather and
ADS-B datalink trafc. can be paired with an
alttude encoder for data transmission
requirements for IFR.
$599 - $3100

ADS–B Relevance
There exist spread communites
organised to track and share
ADS-B informaton:
 es.fightaware.com
 www.fightradar24.com
Receiver statons ADS-B Actvity

EGNOS (European Geostatonary Navigaton Overlay Servife)
 EGNOS Complements GNSS to ofer a
beter precision and secure signals.
 Composed by:
• 3 geostatonary satellites
• A network of ground statons
 Each ground staton measures errors in
GNSS signals. Correcton and integrity
messages are transmited every second to
the geostatonary satellites, and then
broadcasted in GNSS-like signal.
 EGNOS users receive this corrected signal,
improving accuracy within ~3m.

 Open RPAS operatonss low risk and no involvement of aviaton authorites. They are limited
to visual line of sight, constrained by a maximum alttude and to be a specifed distance from
airports and other sensitve areas. Flights over populated areas but not over crowds are
permited. Informally, RPAS of less than 500g.
 Specifc RPAS operatonss intermediate level of risk as requires a specifc safety risk
assessment. Approved by a natonal regulatory agency – possibly delegated. The associated risk
assessment should cover airworthiness concerns and staf competence.
 Certfed RPAS operatons are comparable to conventonal (manned) fight. The distncton
between specifc and certfed operatons has stll to be precisely defned. Specifc features will
receive independent approval.
Operaton Conditons

 Integraton and exploitaton of Galileo-EGNOS exceptonal
features for precise and secure positoning.
 Enable not only safe, tmely and efcient operatons but
also coordinaton among a higher number of RPAS in the
air with the appropriate levels of security, as it provides
ant-jamming and ant-spoofng capabilites.
 Aims for fast and thorough achievement of acceptable
levels in terms of performance, safety and security for
both, current RPAS and future UTM operatons.
 The UTM concept helps control, manage and integrate
all RPAS in the VLL airspace to ensure the security and
efciency of UAS operatons.
GAUSS (Galileo-EGNOS as an Asset for UTM Safety and Sefurity)

 Objectves of GAUSS are aligned with the objectves regarding the development of UAS and UTM
technologies and market as envisioned by SESAR as reported in their recent European Drones Outlook Study.
Project objectves

 GAUSS is proposed as a product-oriented project in which its main
ambiton is to foster current RPAS technology into a fully industrial phase
with appropriate levels of safety, security and reliability in their operatons
Technology Readiness Level expectaton change

 The UAS for the feld trials are already in operatonal status and only an integraton efort will be needed:
 Validaton will consists on a series of iteratve exhaustve feld trials in which integrated prototypes are tested
unitarily, functonally and in real feld operatons in relevant scenarios.
RPAS types used in feld trials

 Field trials will cover in-land and sea environments
mult-UAS VLL operatons. All UAS will coordinate to
share the same airspace.
 First feld trials in-land scenario around Rozas
airdrome, Lugo (Spain)
• Segregated Airspace: 4km radius cylinder and
an alttude of 250 m AGL (avobe ground level).
• The urban-like airspace will use Rozas airdrome
buildings in order to emulate urban airspace
(U-Space).
 Second feld trials sea scenario around Arenosillo
INTA, Huelva (Spain)
• Segregated Airspace: range of 15 km from the
coast into the sea and an alttude of more than
1,000 m AMSL (above mean sea level).
Field Trials
Rozas airdrome, Lugo
Arenosillo INTA, Huelva

GAUSS project partcipants
 5 European countries
 3 Million € budget
 7 partners

Gant Chart
• Work Package Time
• Total Task Time
• USE Work Package
• USE Partcipaton
• Work Package Time
• Total Task Time
• USE Work Package
• USE Partcipaton

 To establish the UTM concept of operatons and
relevant scenarios based on inputs from relevant
organizatons (SESAR, EASA, Eurocontrol,
NASA/FAA, etc.) and other R&D projects.
 Main output: a collecton of technological,
performance and regulatory requirements in
order to ensure that the GAUSS soluton is relevant
for the next generaton of RPAS and UTM.
WP2: UTM Operatonal Framework
WP2 Leader: Cranfeld Systems (CU)

 To develop Galileo-EGNOS based solutons in
combinaton with other GNSS constellaton,
pseudo-range based algorithms and fusion with
on-board sensors.
 Main output: an integral positoning and
orientaton soluton that has passed all required
unitary tests.
WP3: RPAS Precise Positoning & Orientaton
WP3 Leader: Insttut de Robótca i Informatca
Industrial CSIC-UPC (IRI)

 To provide and develop reliable measures to
guarantee the security of the system.
 Aims:
 Identfy assets and threats by conductng risk
assessment and developing specifc scenario
enabling security-features implicatons.
 Design and development of a set of solutons
against cyberatacks.
 Implementaton of actve countermeasures.
 Set a sub-system verifcaton plan addressing
security needs and testng.
WP4: EGNSS Signal Integrity & Security
WP4 Leader: D´Appolonia S.p.A (DAAP)

 The assessment and development of algorithms
and functons needed for GNSS related
technologies for RPAS Operatons under UTM,
following a systems engineering approach.
 Integraton of ADS-B to foster cooperatve
Detect & Avoid and ERFT functons together
with the development of safe communicatons
techniques, a safety assessment and generaton
of safe procedures for D&A and ERFT.
 Validaton and verifcaton of the generated
functons by means of exhaustve unitary tests.
WP5: UTM Technologies
WP5 Leader: University of Seville (USE)

 T1. Assessment and design of UTM infrastructure
technologies.
 Ground infrastructure within two diferent scenarios:
persistent contnuous and portable.
 Inputs from WP2 will be cascaded into engineering
requirements.
 Defne and code all functonal architecture at high
and low level.
 Design of D&A and ERFT systems.
 T2. Development of ADS-B infrastructure.
 Assess and propose a low-weigh low-volumen
system that enables ADS-B use focusing on the
ariborne component and operatng procedures.
 Selecton of appropiate transport protocol and
design of the Universal Access Transceiver.

 T3. Safe operaton functonalites for UTM.
 Provide specifc safety and decision-making services
for UTM framework:
 Separaton assurance.
 ERFT
 Cooperatve and non-cooperatve D&A.
 Safe trajectory generaton (including Link Loss
and ERFT).
 T4. Security in UTM-related communicatons.
 Efcient, reliable and secure communicaton within
the RPAS GCS and the UTM-ANSP for UTM data.
 End-to-end cyphering and Quality Of Service
management.
 T5. Unitary tests.

 To integrate all individually developed technologies
into the fnal GAUSS system and on-board diferent
RPAS.
 To perform laboratory functonal integrated tests and
to validate the GAUSS solutons by means of two
exhaustve feld trials in diferent scenarios (in-land
and maritme).
 Results from the feld trials will be evaluated against
ground-truth measurements and project metrics and
KPIs.
 The main output of WP6 is a GAUSS soluton ready for
industrialisaton phase.
WP6: Integraton, Trials and Validaton
WP6 Leader: Aratos Systems (ARATOS)

• Idea -> Team-> Call
• Preparaton
• HYBOT: 2 months (Feb – Apr 2016), last month very intensive 10 / 15
• HYFLIERS: HYBOT resubmission discussion (Sep – Nov 2016)
New submission (Feb – Apr 2017) 14 / 15
• GAUSS: 1 month (Feb – March 2017) 14.5 / 15
Proposal Preparaton

• Criterion 1 – Excellence: 4.5/5.0
“Methodological approach is highly appreciated. A comparatve study is planned for comparing the current TRL
level of diferent involved technologies with the proposed technological solutons”
“The proposed work goes beyond the current state of the art, approaching the RPAS integraton in VLL airspace
with UTM from technological and operatonal perspectves and tackling the problem from diferent angles”
“The project consortum brings together 4 organisatons from 3 European countries (United Kingdom, Spain and
Italy) each with a proven track-record of excellence in their respectve feld of expertse and with signifcant
research experience. In additon, it also involves industrial partners (EVADS,DBL) academia and research
insttutes (CU, GLA) which represents a strong combinaton of industrial involvements, technological and
scientfc excellence with social, privacy, legal and ethical researchers and a wellplaced group of high profle
stakeholders.”
GAUSS Evaluaton

GAUSS Evaluaton
• Criterion 1 – Excellence: 4.5/5.0

• Criterion 2 – Impact: 5.0/5.0
“The project objectves are mapped against the topics of the work program, and the mapping exhibit
a strong correlaton between the core themes of the work program and the key objectves of the
project. The project will have a signifcant impact for a secure and safe UTM system in future.”
“The proposal includes a comprehensive and well-formulated disseminaton and exploitaton
measures (with IPR, Knowledge and SW licenses and privacy as one of the issues) and identfes
measures to be implemented during the Project and afer the end as well.”
“It is highly appreciated that the proposal fosters partcipaton and secures subsequent infuence in
future regulaton, standardizaton and industrial development eforts.”
GAUSS Evaluaton

• Criterion 2 – Impact: 5.0/5.0
GAUSS Evaluaton

• Criterion 3 – Quality and efficiency of the implementaton: 5.0/5.0
“GAUSS plans to apply agile iteratve methodologies.There is extensive descripton on planned tasks
and their interrelatons.”
“It is highly appreaciated that the project consortum is comprised of various SME and companies
that are at the same tme potental end-users of the technology”
“Allocaton of tasks is well positoned among the partners with a lead role from the consortum
leader. All partcipants have well-balanced distributon of workload. Resource allocaton is in line with
the proposed work plan.”
GAUSS Evaluaton

• Criterion 3 – Quality and efficiency of the implementaton: 5.0/5.0
GAUSS Evaluaton

• Frequent communicatons
• 2 meetngs / year
• Several teleconferences
• Proper IT tools
• Deliverables: concurrent writng
• Sofware development
• Documents management
• Hard vs Sof Coordinaton
Project Executon
• True cooperaton and coordinaton among
partners
• Stays
• Integraton eforts
• Joint papers
• Gender issue
• Disseminaton: growing importance of social
networks

"Galileo-EGNOS as an Asset for UTM and Security", por Ángel Rodríguez - Universidad de Sevilla.

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