ΕΛΙΣΜΕ, ΓΕΕΘΑ: Συνέδριο ‘Μη Επανδρωμένα Συστήματα (U.S.): Ανάπτυξη – Χρήση – Αντιμετώπιση στους Τομείς Άμυνας & Ασφάλειας’ 26-27/11/2018, Πολεμικό Μουσείο Αθηνών.  Εκδήλωση Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/events/1267584450051072/

1. UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS FOR BORDER
SURVEILLANCE. A CASE STUDY FOR HELLENIC
BORDERS
1
Hellenic Institute for Strategic Studies (HELISS) Conference
26 – 27 November 2018
By: Dimitris Papageorgiou
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ALTUS LSA

2. Topics of Presentation
 Hellenic/EU borders, Surveillance Challenges
 Available Border Surveillance Technology
 Present Situation in Hellenic Borders
 Green and Blue Border Surveillance with UAS
 UAS Cost/Performance analysis
 UAS Regulatory and Legal issues
 Operational Lifecycle
 Video
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3. Company Profile
 ALTUS LSA is a Hellenic company focused on the development and
services provision in the field of Unmanned Solutions and innovative
technology programs.
 By establishing a variety of strategic partnerships and synergies worldwide,
Altus LSA aims to the development of a European centre of excellence in the
field of Unmanned Systems and Target Drones with worldwide service
capabilities.
.
 Altus LSA delivers a portfolio of turnkey solutions for: Green (Land) & Blue
(Maritime) border surveillance, Intelligence gathering, Environmental
monitoring, Natural disaster management, GIS & mapping applications,
Protection of critical infrastructure, Riot control, Search & Rescue missions,
monitoring of large-scale Construction projects and research applications.
Altus LSA operates and maintains its own fleet of UAS.
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4. Facilities and Location
4
Α Β C
NATO Missile Installation (NAMFI)
US NSA
NΑΤΟ Maritime Interdiction Center
FORACS
Head Office: 9 Renieri Str. Chania 73134, Crete.
Industrial Facilities: Chania Industrial Park VIOPA OT 22, Chania73200, Crete.
Athens Office & UAS Training Center: Kolokotroni 11, 10562 , Athens.

5. Certificates
5
ALTUS operates and provides services under the following standards for which
it has been certified:
 Quality Assurance: ISO 9001:2015 for Services Provision (Repair,
Maintenance, Operations & Supply) with Unmanned Systems (Aerial or
Surface) & Tow Targets. Research, Development and Production Activities
of Relevant Systems. Technical Support in Specialized Software
Applications.
 Environmental Management: ISO 14001:2015 for Services Provision
(Repair, Maintenance, Operations & Supply) with Unmanned Systems
(Aerial or Surface) & Tow Targets. Research, Development and Production
Activities of Relevant Systems. Technical Support in Specialized Software
Applications.
 Information Management System: ISO 27001:2013 for Services Provision
(Repair, Maintenance, Operations & Supply) with Unmanned Systems
(Aerial or Surface) & Tow Targets. Research, Development and Production
Activities of Relevant Systems. Technical Support in Specialized Software
Applications.
 Security Clearance: NATO/EU/NATIONAL Secret security clearance for
Company personnel and facilities, awarded by the Hellenic Ministry of
Defence.
 Business Ethics: TRACE certificate membership signifying the company’s
commitment to transparency in international commercial transactions.

6. Hellenic Blue Borders
 Extensive Coastline>18.000 km.
 Search and Rescue Region = FIR ATHINAI (1.150.000 sq. km.).
 Great number of islands> 9.000.
 Dense maritime traffic (9,100+ recreational boats, 115,000+ fishery, 600 + passenger).
 45.000.000 passengers per annum.
 Proximity to neighboring countries.
 Great number of ports, gulfs, etc.
 High frequency of extreme weather conditions.
 Strategic importance of monitor area.
6

7. Hellenic Green Borders
 Extensive border line >1,210 km.
 Bordering countries: Albania (282 km), FYROM (228 km), Bulgaria (494 km), Turkey (228
km).
 Terrain diversity (mountains, fields, rivers, etc).
 High frequency of extreme weather conditions.
 Strategic importance of monitor area. 7

8. medium/low
medium
High
Incoming flows
Outgoing flows
 Immigration
 SAR
 Trafficking
 Smuggling (Narcotics, guns, etc.)
 Fishery control
 Pollution control
 Maritime safety
 Law enforcement
East Mediterranean Route
8

9.  In 2015, some 885,000 migrants arrived in the EU via the Eastern Mediterranean route – 17 times the
number in in 2014, which was itself a record year. The vast majority of them arrived on several Greek
islands, most on Lesbos. The numbers increased gradually from January to March, but began to climb in
April, peaking at 216 000 in October. The numbers eased slightly in November and December with the
onset of winter, but were still well above the figures from the same months of 2014.
East Mediterranean Route Statistics
9

10. Available Technology
Description Range
Detection/
resolution
Ops Life Cycle Deterrence
Procurement
Cost
Operational
Cost
Green Border
Camera/EO/IR Low High Continuous Mid Low Low
Fence / Digital
Fence
- - Continuous High High Low
Seismic Sensors Low Low Continuous Low Mid Low
RADAR Low Low Continuous Low Mid Low
Aerostat Low Mid Periodical High
Low
Low
Satellite High High Periodical Low High High
Manned Aircraft High High Periodical Mid High High
UAS High High Periodical Low Low Low
Blue border
Satellite High - Periodical Mid High High
Manned Aircraft High - Periodical Low High High
UAS High High Periodical Mid High High
Satellite High High Periodical Low Low Low
10

11.  Service provision to Hellenic Police with real time ISR missions, at selected areas
of the Hellenic Territory (maritime, land, urban).
 Training in ISR missions for two HP officers.
 Derive ConOps for HP operations, address legal issues for UAS operations for
state flights, derive Standing Operating Procedures (SOPs), etc.
UAS Surveillance Program for Hellenic Borders
11

12. SpyLite UAS
 Basic Characteristics:
 Length: 1.5 m
 Wing Span: 2.4 m
 Weight (TO): 9 kg
 Propulsion System: electric
 Performance
 Speed 100 km/h
 Range: 50 km
 Altitude (min-max): 100 ft – 20.000 ft
 Endurance: 4hrs (depending on the Configuration)
 Payloads:
 Day Camera.
 Night Camera (IR).
 Day & Night Camera.
 Photogrammetric Sensor.
 Operational:
 Deployment time: 15 min
 Redeployment time: 15 min
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13. Missions executed
13
no. Mission Type Parameters
1 Test Flights
Test system performance against mission requirements and environmental
conditions. Determine system unobtrusive performance against visual,
optical, audio and RADAR.
2 SAR Capability to detect and identify humans, vehicles and vessels from the air.
3 Border Surveillance Patrol missions executed over high importance areas and trespassing routes.
4 ISR Intelligence gathering for the development of an event.
5 Tactical Mapping
Derive high resolution mapping data for the detection of trespassing routes at
remote areas.
More than 150 flight hours have been performed in day and night missions.

14. ISAR
14

15. Over watch – Crowd Control
15

16. Intelligence Gathering
16

17. Day Payload/camouflage
17

18. Convoy Protection
18

19. Intelligence Gathering IR
19

20. Intelligence Gathering IR
20

21. Thermal Payload
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22. Intelligence Gathering IR
22

23. 23
Maritime Border Surveillance

24. 24
Airborne ISR

25. What is not a UAS
 The challenge is not in the unmanned flight!!! RC aircraft are not
UAS.
 The UAS challenge lies in the mission accomplishment safely,
reliably and in a cost effective manner.
 To deriver the above, you need:
 Extensive R&D over end user requirements
 Respectable amount of flight hours logged on the systems
 System inherent capability for technology refreshment
25
Pics from FRONTEX.RDU.“RPAS for European Border Surveillance” Challenges of introducing RPAS technology in an operational context. Sofia Bulgaria.
18/04/12.

26. UAS Categorization
26

27. Challenges in Land and Sea
Green border ISR Blue border ISR
27
◊ DRI humans and vehicles
◊ Day/night operation in all weather conditions
◊ Real-time, encrypted data
◊ Integration of UAS to existing surveillance
networks
◊ Shorter size of monitoring area
◊ Mid distance range (> 100 km)
◊ Diversity in climatic, meteorological and
environmental conditions
◊ DRI of small and mid size vessels
◊ Day/night operation in all weather conditions
◊ Real-time, encrypted data
◊ Integration of UAS to existing surveillance
networks
◊ Greater size of monitoring area
◊ Long distance range (> 200 Nm)
◊ Greater endurance capability (> 18 hrs)
Required payload:
Optical (EO/ HD), Thermal, SIGINT
Required payload:
Optical (EO/ HD), Thermal, SIGINT, SAR, AIS, Satcom

28. Challenges in Land and Sea
Tactical UAS
 Range: > 100 km
 Autonomy: > 10 hrs
 Altitude: 500 με 10,000 ft AGL
 Payload: Optical (EO/ HD), Thermal,
SIGINT
Tactical/Male UAS Θαλάσσια Σύνορα
 Range :> 200 NM
 Autonomy :> 15 hrs
 Altitude : 5,000 to 25,000 ft ASL
 Payload : Optical (EO/ HD), Thermal,
SIGINT, SAR, AIS and Satcom
28

29. Mini/Tactical UAS operated for Green borders
28 KgWeight
3.5 KgMax Payload
400 cmWing Span
Up to 24 hoursEndurance
Up to 150 kmRange
Cruise speed: 42Kts
Max speed: 72Kts
Airspeed
45 KnotsWind resistance
16000 Ft ASLFlight Ceiling
29

30. Mini/Tactical UAS – Land Surveillance
GDT
Ground Support
Equipment
ICU / GCS UAVs and Payloads
RVT
30

31. Mini/Tactical UAS Payloads - Land Surveillance
 Electro-Optic payloads:
 Dual Use EO-IR:
o Cooled-IR 3-5 micron, X15 Continuous Optical Zoom
o CCD Day Camera, X30 Continuous Optical Zoom
o Laser Pointer (optional)
 IMSI Catcher
 Tracking movement of mobile phone users
 Photogrammetric Payload / Wide-swath
 RVT
 Direct real-time video feed from the UAV
 Digital map
 Reception range of over 30Km
 Video recording / snapshots 31

32. 41
Maritime Surveillance:
Detection, Localization, Classification, Identification and Tracking of surface vessel in High
Seas or Littoral environment
Search and Rescue (SAR):
To Detect and Localize vessels in emergency or survivors at sea .
To actively and persistently Support SAR operations acting as a network node.
ESM System
SATCOM
(option)
32
Tactical/MALE UAS – Maritime Surveillance

33. 200 + Km. WBDL + NBDL
Airvehicle and payload
operators posts
EO/IR identification
Radar area search
Ground Control Station (GCS)
To external C4I
National
Network
40
Tactical/MALE UAS – Maritime Surveillance
33

34. Critical hurdles for UAS operations
34
1. Cost – performance benefit. DDD is no longer an
order winner!
2. Capability to integrate in regulated airspace!
Operational capabilities of UAS over their manned
counterparts have been verified in military missions over
the past two decades.

35. UAS cost cycle
System Procurement
 Platform
 Payload
 GSE
 Training
 Support/warrantee
Cost per Flight Hour (CPFH)
 Spare parts (all maintenance levels)
 Consumables
 Normal Ware & Tear
 Fuel
 Manpower (pilots, technicians, etc.)
 3rd party service
 Insurance
 Administrative
3535

36. UAS Performance vs Budget Categorization
UAS
Type
Range Endurance Payload Cost
Mini 20 to 50 km 2 to 4 hrs Day, IR uncooled,
Photogrammetric
$ x00,000
Tactical 50 to 150 km 8 to 24 hrs Day, IR cooled,
Photogrammetric
combined
$ x,000,000
MALE 150 + km 15 + hrs Day, IR cooled,
Photogrammetric,
SAR, AIS, etc. -
combined
$ x0,000,000
36

37. Cost Per Flying Hour (CPFH)
37
ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΕΩΣ (ΤΕΥΧΟΣ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟ) 4835 (2012)

38. Manned vs Unmanned
38
A/C REIMS F-406H/P AS 365N3 DAUPHIN 2
Green Borders Helicopter Mini/Tactical UAS
Procurement Cost 6 - 7 MIO EUR 3 MIO EUR
CPFH 3,500 EUR 800 EUR
Blue Border MPA
(Maritime Patrol
Aircraft)
Tactical/ MALE UAS
(Medium-altitude long-
endurance UAV)
Procurement Cost X00,000,000 X0,000,000
CPFH X0,000 X,000

39. 3939
Dimitris Papageorgiou
t: +30 28210 44492, f: +30 28210 44493
dpapageorgiou@altus-lsa.com www.altus-lsa.com
Questions?