Philosophy Of Baptism Research Paper

Philosophy Of Baptism Research Paper
Teaching
The Catholic church teaches that Baptism is the basis of the whole Christian life, the gateway to life
in the Spirit, and the door which gives access to the other sacraments. "Baptism not only purifies
from all sins, but also makes the non–believer "a new creature," an adopted son of God, who has
become a "partaker of the divine nature," member of Christ and co–heir with him, and a temple of
the Holy Spirit."(CC:1265) Christ has ordained that Baptism should have the power of removing all
punishment for sin including Original Sin as well as any and all sins that may have been committed
by the person being baptized. This includes eternal punishment, as well as any temporal punishment
that was owed for sins committed beyond Original ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CCC, n. 1266).
The three theological virtues that are infused in Baptism are faith, hope, and charity. Baptism is the
ordinary means of their infusion. Baptism then, puts into the soul a power to believe in the word of
God revealing, a power to hope in the promise of God proffering to man the vision of Himself in
heaven, and a power to love God above all things as a child loves its father, for in Baptism we are
made adopted children of God and heirs of heaven.
4.)Conferral of the right to special sacramental grace
By virtue of Baptism we are not only delivered from the greatest of all evils, but are also enriched
with invaluable goods and blessings
Baptism enables the baptised person "to cope with suffering in this life, to resist sinful tendencies,
and to grow in holiness and live well the Christian life
Through Baptism our souls are replenished with divine grace, by which we are rendered just and
children of God and are made heirs to eternal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Fatigue Ethics: Aristotle's Cardinal Virtues
Virtue Ethics
For the West, Aristotle and Plato are said to be the founders of Virtue Ethics. Plato's cardinal virtues
are: the courage (the heart, the soldier) is the virtue of the spirited or passionate or emotional aspect
of humans, sensuous (the body, the worker) appetite the virtue is temperance, and reason (the mind,
the philosopher king) is the great virtue that makes us dignified and distinctively human. If all these
virtues are well developed and balanced, we have a just human being and justice in society or the
republic. (McKinney, pg.93). Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics offer insightful perspectives on proper
action and virtue that is rooted in ancient Greek philosophy and remains relevant in our modern
world.
From my understanding, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"A virtuous person of honesty will find it much easier, to be honest than a non–virtuous person."
(McKinney pg. 92). Divine command theory is based on the understanding that moral value and
moral obligation are consistent with obedience to God's commands. According to God's command, it
would be wrong for a person to kill another person for "there is no right time for murder or the right
amount of murder." (MacKinnon pg. 93). Contrastingly, moral relativism stresses that there is no
absolute moral law that applies to everyone, at all times and in all places. There are different moral
practices where the situation and personal encounters are supposed to control the moral position.
Additionally, ethical egoism views all actions to be selfishly motivated. "I ought to look out for my
self–interest and I ought to be concerned about others only if it contributes to my own self–
interests." For example, when we do things, such as walking, it is important to consider what the
purpose of that action is. Walking contribute to a healthy life, then a part of our purpose in life is to
exist with health. This action is morally right if and only if it is to the advantage of the person doing

Locke And Hobbes
Thomas Aquinas can be best described as a merge of Aristotelianism eudaimonism and Christian
theology. He is known for blending these two subjects, although he did not directly accept every
notion that Aristotle believed in. Theology's primary interest in a person is the principle of his
actions, according to Hobbes. To judge these actions, he considers 3 topics: the object, the intention,
and the circumstances that make up the three "sources" of the morality of human acts. The object
chosen is a good toward which the will guides itself, it is the matter of a human feat. The object
chosen morally specifies the act, and is judged if it is within the true good. Unbiased criterions of
morality express the balanced order of good and evil, indicated ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both submitted differing versions of this state in Two Treatises of
Government and Leviathan. Locke adheres to the Natural Law belief which asserts that men
intrinsically have ethical sense which curbs them from participating in deplorable acts. These men
know what is right and wrong and what is lawful, and can resolve conflicts reasonably. In natural
state all people were equal, and everyone had a right to defend his or her life, health, liberty, or
possessions. Therefore, Locke believed in a self ruling, civil society, unlike Hobbes. Hobbes's
ultimate ambition is to secure as many pleasures as possible and to avoid pain and aversions with no
regard for others. He is primarily focused on Self–Interest, a core tenant of Hobbism. He believes
people have no conception of good and evil, instead it is up to their culture or upbringing to decide
this. "Justice" or "Property" do not exist, only egoism, which he believes is logical. Hobbes believes
that the state of nature is therefore not corrupt, or obscene, but plainly amoral. There are no morals,
according to

In Plato'S Euthyphro, Socrates And Euthyphro Discuss The
In Plato 's Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of piety. Euthyphro first proposed
that piety is that which the gods love. His proposal was quickly objected by Socrates though, since
the gods often disputed amongst themselves and therefore what one loves can be what another hates.
Euthyphro then revised his hypothesis to say that piety is that which the gods love unanimously and
for the moment this was their conclusion. This definition however, that piety is what the gods love
unanimously, further proposed the question of whether the gods love the pious because it is pious or
whether the pious is pious solely because the gods love it. If it is true that the gods love the pious
because it is pious then the definition of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In saying that things are not good by virtue of any rule of goodness but solely by virtue of the will
of God, it seems to me that we unknowingly destroy all of God 's love and all his glory. For why
praise him for what he has done if he would be equally praiseworthy in doing the exact contrary?"
(1)Therefore there must be some moral standards independent of God that would be right or wrong
regardless of his being. This conclusion creates another problem, it could mean that God has no
freewill as he can not then act outside of the presupposed good morals and therefore can not make
his own decisions. If there are moral standards independent of God and his will then that would limit
God 's sovereignty. It binds God to something that makes him not independent. Instead of the good
being established by him he is established by what is good and in essence a new "god" is created.
This is used as a common argument for atheism, For if morality can exist without God there is no
need to answer for the inherent sense of morale that humanity has in some context no matter what
culture they are raised in.
There are also those who would believe in the divine command theory, otherwise known as
voluntarism. One philosopher named Duns Scotus held the opinion that the ten commandments do
not all follow the natural law. In other words not everything God commands the world to obey is
inherently morale to the world. Scotus believed that while

The Philosophy Of Epicurus, Epictetus, And Aquinas
Through the works of Epicurus, Epictetus, and Aquinas, it is evident that their philosophies inherit a
great deal of virtue. Although roughly specified, virtue is implanted within their different ideologies.
From achieving happiness, stoic beliefs, and in respects to Christian idealism, virtue turns out to be
the driving factor in determining the ideal meaning of life from the perspective of each philosopher
and it gives them their value. Backed by firm evidence, it is notable that virtue is more apparent in
the Thomism philosophy.
The philosophy of Epicurus sought virtue as a condition of serenity in the soul. According to his
thought, Epicureanism is centered in the achievement of happiness through the elimination of one's
desires, and on pleasure and virtue claiming that "It is impossible to live pleasantly without living
wisely and honorably and justly" (Epicurus, Doctrines, 1). This signifies that pleasure and virtue are
interdependent and both sustain the concept of this ideology. To achieve happiness, one must do its
best to live as virtuously as possible if they are to live a pleasant life. Pleasure is declared as the
"beginning and end of the happy life" and by nature "the greatest good" (Epicurus, Doctrines, 13).
This is so because living a life of pleasure means pain is absent and therefore makes life meaningful.
Reason and virtue play an important role in the Epicurean notion of pleasure, leading the wise man
to choose a simple life and rational action above

Christianity : The Law Of Human Nature And Christianity
We have the two laws, the Law of nature and the law of human nature or moral law. Two world
views discussed are the "Life–force" philosophy, an overall creator, or "Creative evolution", which
holds that any variation on this planet evolved from a life–force. You would have to dig deeper to
see if they mean one with a mind.
We hold an uneasiness of the realization of being wrong. To fix our understanding of where we
might be at, we must move back. Move back towards the intersection where the wrong worldview or
theological mishap occurred to progress on the correct road instead of continuing on the wrong road
which you may be on.
We now realize that at this point there is a real driving force, a being, or someone behind the
universe. We see that this being is out for good in a sense by looking at the moral law. Humans have
made enemies of this being by disobeying or not living up to such a moral law. Coming to the
uneasiness of knowing we are guilty is where Christianity shows how God himself has provided
forgiveness and grace. We must first look for ultimate truth to find real comfort.
There seems to be some overlapping truths in other religions that coincide with Christianity. But
even within those beliefs, there is a real distinction. Those that believe God in beyond good and evil
is Pantheism and those that believe that God is ultimately good and righteous is Christianity. How
have we come to the idea or fact that there is good and evil, just and unjust, without the

Plato's Argument Essay: The Virtue Of Hope
For centuries, philosophers have been debating on what the purpose of life is. Most of them came to
conclusion that the main goal of life is to attain happiness, which can only be found by pursuing
wisdom and the only way to wisdom is through virtues. Furthermore, virtues are divided in classical
and theological, and can most simply be described as desirable moral qualities. While the virtues
such as prudence, justice, or charity are glorified, the virtue of hope is often times neglected.
However, hope is the only way to any other virtue. In other words, if a person does not hope that
there is something besides the visible, material world, they will not engage in any virtuous activities
or pursuit of wisdom in the first place. Therefore, since it precedes all other virtues, hope is to be
considered the most important virtue. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Plato, virtue is an innate ability of a man to go through intellectual suffering in order
to think past the visible, material world, which is just "a shadowy imitation" of an ideal world of
knowledge (Plato). Even though virtuous actions can be practiced, the original ability or quality is
innate. Every single virtue fits into this Plato's definition and contributes to a person's knowledge of
the intellectual world. For instance, classical virtue of fortitude enables a man to question even the
most controversial topics. What is more, theological virtue of faith persuades a man that his
suffering will eventually pay off. Once a person engages in virtuous activities, they attain wisdom,
and wisdom, () finally leads to happiness. Considering all that, every virtue seems to be equally

Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Essay
Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis
Mere Christianity, by C. S. Lewis, is written as set of guidelines of Christian belief. Lewis does not
say there is any particular way to believe but he does make a point that the topic of religion itself is
serious. As you consider whether you want to believe or not, you have to recognize how much
thought it requires, and how thought provoking a process this decision is. Lewis covers Christianity
in four different books within his book. In book one, Lewis discusses the Law of Nature and makes
note of a tendency in humans of appealing to a standard of absolute truth in quarrels and arguments.
He calls this standard the Law of Nature or the Moral Law. The Law isn't the same as the law of
gravity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lewis' argument in the third book is most important to the point I want to discuss. He argues
through this chapter the Christian behavior. Morality is what he considers to be the basics of good
Christian behavior. Lewis states that morality is not simply, "something that prevents you from
having a good time", but rather morals are the "directions for running the human machine". Every
moral rule is there to prevent wear and tear on the way machine operates. He realizes that is why the
rules seem to be constantly getting in the way of are natural behavior. Lewis sees that some people
think in terms of moral ideals not rules and obedience. Ideals suggest preference to personal taste.
Something that subjective would be meaningless in practice. Idealistic notions are meaningless
unless we try to carry them out. Acting on ideals requires rules. Lewis uses the analogy of the ship
to show how ideals without rules can go wrong. If the ships keep on having crashes they will not be
able to sail. If their steering gears do not work they will not be able to avoid crashes.
The cardinal virtues are seven virtues that help guide us to have good morality. Prudence is the first
virtue and is having the common sense enough to think about what you are doing and what are the
consequences. Temperance is finding moderation in your lifestyle. Justice includes traits like
honesty, the ability to give–and–take, keeping promises, and so on. Fortitude includes two kinds of
courage: the

Ethics In Night
What is theological ethics? That is the question we have been trying to answer throughout this
semester. We have read "Night" by Elie Wiesel who was a teenager when he was taken to
concentration camps. How can his story of survival, help us keep our faith and live a moral life? We
also read "The Moral Disciple" by Kent A. Van Til. He shows us that being a moral disciple is a way
to become a good person. How can living morally, help us live ethically? The next book we read is
"Fear of the Other" by William H. Willimon. Willimon shows us examples of immoral acts in
today's society. Can we change to act differently even though some social norms are immoral? The
final book we read is titled "The Good Life" by Richard Gula. He gives us what a good life should
be and how we can live it. As well as these readings, we read Genesis, Exodus and Matthew. These
three books in the Bible give us the basis of Christian Ethics. All of these readings come together to
one conclusion. In this paper, I will talk about how all of these readings connect to prove that we are
all creatures. "Night" is a story about Elie Wiesel who was a teenager when he and his family were
taken from their home to concentration camps. This novel gives us a chilling depiction of the
terrifying scenes he saw including the death of his family and almost the death of his faith in God. In
the beginning he believed in God unconditionally and could not imagen life without him. He
believed that God is

Moral Rules Vs. Morality Essay
In Book three C.S Lewis Starts off the chapter but stating that moral rules are not designed to stop
happiness also he stated three significant parts of morality, first, fair play and happiness. Second
finding happiness or harmony pertaining to each person. Third, the purpose of humans, questioning
our purpose and out creator desire. Morality is related with our actions whether we define them as
right or wrong. Morality many times is defined as guiding principles, without guiding principles a
society will fail because it will be unorganized
C.S Lewis states that morality is not designed to stop up from harmony. I agree, morality is a gift
given to us. Morality impact us in everyday life in our conscience. Consciuos is define from many
people has an issue of the heart, using the bible scripture "for when Gentiles, who do not have the
law, by nature do the things in the law, these, although not having the law, are a law to themselves,
who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and
between themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing them" All the people hae principle of
some kind , for Christian the principles might be the ten commandments and others.these standard
keep people from doing wrong at least if they do their conscience will come alive. The guilt some
bears due to an action that violated their morals can be fatal since we are continuality battleling with
our minds. Morals are seen sometimes as punishments

Personal Journal: Philosophy Class
I took this class because I thought its will be very interesting with philosophy. To be honest, I have
no idea what philosophy means or who are philosophers. I heard some people said philosophy is
harder class. I didn't believe them, I want to give a try and end up, and I love it. I learned a lot
different philosophers' theories. When I learned their theories, I never thought of it. I walks day–by–
day living my life and I never thought how my day plays out the way its does or breaking down how
my day. I have my own individuals have a choice how I live and decide on where I goes. There are
different between free will and determinism. The question is Do you believe we live in a free will
world or has everything been planned out and is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which means we do not really have free will. According to myself, last year, I found out I have a
case. I went to police station to interview with police of what happened four years ago at camp. I
had free will, I made bad choice. I made mistake. So, I can't do anything about it because it is
determinism. After that I talked to police. I received a letter from the court. That's I am forced to go
and find what is my charges. They already determinism what is my charges. I accepted it. My dad
and I went to looking for a lawyer to defense me. I found a lawyer a week after. My dad was willing
to pay to my lawyer and it determinism to pay him back. I explained to my lawyer of what
happened. Two months later, I had another court to attend. I sat there and listen them for two hours.
A camper was there and explained to the judge, lawyer, and the police. I was so upset to hear her
story which it is not true. She made me look bad. The judge can't make decision so we have to move
to trial. My lawyer is working on to collect the evidences, while I am waiting. I am on free bail. I
can't make another trouble or I will have to pay twenty–five thousand dollars. Since from last year, I
had to wait for the trail. They kept doing postponed. I kept frustrating when I found my case has
postponed. I can tell you little bit of what happened. That's time I was 18 and counselor at camp and
the camper was 16 years old. I made mistakes. I didn't

Importance Of Natural Law Theory
St Thomas Aquinas developed Natural Law theory from Aristotle and the Stoics in the 13th century.
Natural Law is an absolutist and deontological theory. To believe and use Natural Law theory, one
has to believe in God because Natural Law believes there is one Natural Law which has been issued
by God. This means that what is wrong in one situation is wrong in ever situation and to determine
what is right and wrong we look at the action itself, not the consequences. There is emphasis on
innate human reason to work out how you should be living. Natural law is useful on issues where is
the Bible is silent e.g. IVF.In order to use Natural Law correctly we need to identify what is known
as the primary precepts. These are the basis of the theory. We need to first agree that these are the
main function of life. The primary precepts are the five purposes of human life. The five primary
precept are: (i) reproduction (ii) life – to live/ the supreme good (iii) education – makes people
independent and fully adult (iv) worshipping God and (v) law and order – upholds justice. These
precepts are immutable; they cannot be changed. From the primary precepts, secondary precept
form. For example if we examine the principle of life and it is there to ensure that all actions which
are life threatening are in the moral law as wrong e.g. murder, abortion, euthanasia, suicide etc are
all wrong because the involve going against the precept of life.However, in reality it is not as easy as
one action

Compare And Contrast Ancient Rome And Christianity
Ancient Rome vs Christianity Ancient Rome and Christianity experienced many similarities and
differences throughout their time. Because the Roman World began their religion multiple years
before Christianity began to erupt, therefore Christianity was persecuted by the Roman World. The
Roman World based their religion off gods and goddesses while Christianity was based off of Jesus
and his crucifixion on the cross for our sins. These religions share different but in some way similar
purposes, virtue, and destiny. The Romans began their religion by believing that spirits took up
everything around them and that their ancestors watched over them in everything they did. The
Romans began to believe in Major Greek gods such as Mars, Quirinus, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Jesus Christ is believed to be the son of God and is considered the human version of God.
Christianity also believes in the Holy Spirit, which is with us always in everything we do. The
Christian faith is based on the belief that Jesus was born in a manger of the virgin Mary. It is
believed that he lived a perfect life where he made no mistakes or sins. Jesus was believed to have
died on a cross for our sins while being spat upon and cursed with a crown of thorns upon his head.
Next, Jesus was buried in a tomb and rose from the dead three days later. Finally, Jesus descended
into heaven to be with his father once again. Christians believe that in order to achieve eternal life
you must accept Jesus into your life by believing that all this information is true and you must ask
for forgiveness of your sins. Christians believe that Jesus will return one day to earth and will judge
everyone and will take all Christians back to heaven with him to be with his father God. Christianity
began to take off in Ancient Rome because of St. Paul. Paul began by creating churches in Asia
Minor and Greece. He later began to take his teachings to ancient Rome. The poor people in ancient
Rome began to believe in Christianity first. Christianity was illegal in Ancient Rome. If followers
were caught by Rome they faced death for their actions. Therefore, Christians had to meet in secret
so they were not killed for their beliefs. In 313 AD the Emperor Constantine, finally

How Does Benjamin Franklin Contribute To Morality
People all over the world like to believe they have a good moral compass and are capable of making
honorable, ethical decisions. Arriving at moral perfection is not something everyone strives for, but
Benjamin Franklin is an exception to that. In "The Autobiography" by Benjamin Franklin, he
explicitly explained that he was striving for moral perfection, specifically, he strived for perfection
through religion and faith. He went on to explain this idea throughout his autobiography, which
leads to morality and religion becoming two major themes in his book. While reading Franklin, we
can see that what is important to him is being moral and doing things for the right reason, not
because everyone else is doing them. By living a moral life, Franklin only follows ideas and beliefs
that align with being honorable and helping others. Benjamin Franklin did not shy away from
expressing his religion and what he believed in, rather he stated it clearly so everybody knew his
religious beliefs. One very clear example of this, is when he says, "I soon became a thorough Deist"
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later on in his autobiography, Franklin listed virtues which he strived to achieve and used to guide
his life in the right direction. All of these virtues made up how he believed he should live his life,
showing once again, how he lived a morally fulfilled life. One of the most important, and hardest,
virtues is humility. When Franklin states this virtue, he ties it in to religion again. For humility he
states, "Imitate Jesus and Socrates" (P. 535). Though Franklin did connect religion and his virtues,
he did feel that the list of virtues was more important than any organized religion. To him, if you
live your life according to these virtues then you are living a good, honorable life. However, living a
religious life does not necessarily mean also living a virtuous

Pros And Cons Of Socrates Dialog
Option of dialog, which can be recognized as typical for Socrates, consists of three parts:
1. Socrates formulates a question, for example, what is virtue, justice, truth or beauty. Then Socrates
is trying to find the interlocutor, able to support the debate, and which believes that he knows the
answer to this question.
2. Socrates points to the contradictions in the arguments of the interlocutor and, in the process of
discussion, refute answers his interlocutor.
3. Dialogue is not conducted in order to convey to the interlocutor or interlocutors the right answer,
but in order to encourage the participants to independent search response.
Strictly speaking, this option to communicate with their students, is in some ways the legacy of
Socrates,

Critical Analysis Of Cormac Mccarthy's The Road
Cormac McCarthy's The Road is the story of a loving father and son going south of the country,
avoiding the northern winters, walking through the road and facing different adversities on their way
south. With this McCarthy introduces the very basics of life in such a subtle way. Both the father
and son walking south with faith hoping for the best and loving each other. McCarthy's Illustration
of a father and son perfect relationship serves as a means to demonstrate the importance of the
theological virtues love, faith, and hope in the story.
D. Marcel DeCoste's, A Thing That Even Death Cannot Undo: The Operation of The Theological
Virtues in Cormac McCarthy's The Road. Is an article in which DeCoste manifests the book success
and the view of several critics regarding the theme and the plot. The theme review is over all
positive but the plot reviews are very critic with the author. It stated that The Road is a morals story
and according to the reviewer is a story of nothingness. It also mentions the struggle that father and
son have to go through over time and the unconditional love between them. DeCoste also refers to
love as the force that kept the father and son pursuing their goal. The main argument is that love is
the principal feeling that is being shown.
Thomas H. Schaub's, Secular Script and Cormac McCarthy's The Road is an article in which the
author explores the representation of spiritual survival. Tries to show the importance of the so–
called spirit. According

Jesus Christ Research Paper
For hundreds of years people have been admiring the miraculous and extraordinary works of Jesus
Christ. In all of history it is very rare to find a person who embodies all seven of the theological and
cardinal virtues. Jesus' courageous actions and sincere words have inspired many people to try to
live by his example and improve their moral values. Jesus is the perfect pristine moral values act as
a guideline for people all around the world to help them grow and become better Christians. Jesus is
a model of virtues because he dedicated his life to teaching people by exemplifying that it is
important to have faith, hope, love, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude in order to live a
balanced and ethical life. Jesus Christ was a faithful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Matthew 14 Jesus exemplified that having faith and fully believing in your faith is the best way to
live your life. I can learn from his example by doing my best to not doubt my faith, and by also
sharing it with the people around me. Jesus also demonstrated the virtue of love in Matthew 14
when he fed a whole crowd of people by turning five loaves of bread and two fish into abundant
amounts. I can learn from his example by loving everybody even if they aren't my favorite, because
it is important to be kind and respectful to everyone because they deserve it. Jesus taught the
disciples in Matthew 14 about prudence, when he showed them that it is crucial to make the wise
decisions in order to do the right moral thing. I can learn from Jesus' example of making the right
decision, by choosing to help others instead of looking the other way. For example, if I wanted to
live by the virtue of prudence I would help if I saw someone drop something or if I saw someone
who needs help opening their locker. Those are very simple tasks, but Jesus taught us that whenever
you can choose to do the right thing you should do it because that is the virtuous thing to

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Christian Ethics
When encountering a difficult situation, one often engages in the process of moral reflection without
even taking conscious note of it. Aana Vigen describes the nature of this process in her work
"Conclusion" from the book God, Science, Sex, Gender: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Christian
Ethics. The first step in contemplating a moral quandary is to stop and think about what you know,
and then question that information (Vigen 242). It is important to keep an open mind during this part
of the process, so as to consider other interpretations of the situation that had not been thought of
before.
Once you have begun to question information that you automatically took as facts, you can then
start to gather more information about the ethical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethical behavior is defined as whatever behavior a virtuous person would partake in, which are then
the behaviors one attempts to cultivate. While virtue ethics has its strength in focusing on individual
characteristics, this can also lead to a couple limitations. First of all, because it is so individualized,
this framework does not lend well in taking the social constructs of society into consideration.
Another problem with focusing so much on individual virtues is the variances in which cultures
view which concepts as virtues. What may be considered a "good habit" in one culture may be seen
as taboo in another

Comparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine
Plato Truth and Reality– "And isn't it a bad thing to be deceived about the truth, and a good thing to
know what the truth is? For I assume that by knowing the truth you mean knowing things as they
really are. " Truthfulness. He will never willingly tolerate an untruth, but will hate it as much as he
loves truth... And is there anything more closely connected with wisdom than truth? (Plato, 380BC)
Reason Reason is knowledge of things like mathematics but which require that some postulates be
accepted without question, and "intelligence," which is the knowledge of the highest and most
abstract categories of things, an understanding of the ultimate good.(Plato)
World/Universe The intelligible world is made up of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reason What reason engages in is always its own manifestation, be that language with its power of
signification or be that harmonious numbers. In and through the sciences, reason searches for itself.
Reason's true object is reason itself. Reason never simply deals with physical or historical objects as
such.it manifests itself in culture and nature.
World/Universe Everything in the universe was created simultaneously by God, and not in seven
calendar days like a plain account of Genesis would require but the six–day structure of creation
presented in the book of Genesis represents a logical framework, rather than the passage of time in a
physical way – it would bear a spiritual, rather than physical, meaning, which is no less literal.
Virtue Humility is the foundation of all the other virtues hence, in the soul in which this virtue does
not exist there cannot be any other virtue except in mere appearance. "The three greatest virtues are
first, humility, second, humility, and third, humility."
God In the Word of God exist the eternal truths, the species, the formal principles of things, which
are the models of created beings. In the intellectual light imparted to us by the Word of God we
know both the eternal truths and the ideas of real beings. God is the beginning and end of
enerything.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Truth/Reality Truth is ultimately one because it has its source in God.
Reason I am not

Summary Of Mere Christianity By C. S. Lewis
C.S. Lewis in Mere Christianity, defends the religion from the critics that believe that it is a religion
that does not have foundation. He further goes to show the type of life that a Christian live. The
book is divided into four different sections. In each section, there are things that Lewis touches on.
In the beginning, he talks about natural law and how it needs to exist since humans did not invent,
but they respond to it. He states that God exists and that it is made of three parts: The Father, the son
and the Holy Spirit. Lewis goes on to describe what a Christian believes and how a Christian should
behave. He highlights that one of the steps in being a Christian is to accept Jesus Christ and try to be
like him. He goes on to also point out that non–believers should not know how Christians have
differences within the faith because then there is where the notion that the religion is not well put or
that its foundations are not strong become faulty.
Book one deals with human nature law and the laws that apply to that. It talks about some of the
objections that there are and moral law. In the first chapter from this section, he goes on to state that
there is a universal right and wrong and that God is the only one that can instill that in us. He talks
about the law of nature and how that makes one behave in a certain manner that one would not
otherwise act like. Chapter two deals with moral law and how that is directed to the way that we are
able to learn things as

Aristotle 's Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics
720532457
The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work
concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates
more properly as "character", and it would seem that Aristotle's concern in The Ethics, is what
constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a
way is only half of what's necessary, and that the known must be practiced. A related treatise, The
Politics, is often regarded as the sequel to The Ethics, in part because Aristotle closes The Ethics by
saying that his ethical inquiry has arranged the foundation for an inquiry into political questions.
(Reeve. Page 194.) As such, Aristotle regarded ethics and politics as two separate but related fields,
giving way to the idea that ethics surveys the good of the individual, while politics examines the
good of the city–state (polis), but also that the good of the individual is secondary to the good of the
city–state.
Friendship
Aristotle devotes two of the ten books of The Ethics to discussing friendship and its forms.
Happiness, according to Aristotle, is a public affair, so with whom this happiness is shared is of
great importance, and the suggestion that true happiness can be found in the life of a loner is absurd.
In books VIII and IX of The Ethics Aristotle says that friendship (philia) itself is a virtue, and is not
only important for

How Is Hope Different From Other Virtues?
While the virtues such as courage, justice, faith, or charity are glorified, the virtue of hope is often
times neglected. However, hope is crucial for moving beyond the visible, material world, which is
necessary for any kind of virtuous activities in pursuit of wisdom as well as useful for the well–
being of a society. Hope steers a person towards the realization that Plato's "imperishable Idea"
exists, giving them trust that our sensations and perceptions could not be all that there is (62). It also
meets Aristotle's criterion for self–sufficiency since it "makes life desirable and lacking in nothing"
(118). So how is hope different from other virtues? By looking at the work of Plato and Aristotle as
well as the work of other scholars we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plato describes that process as getting out of the cave and seeing the light (63). Therefore, every
virtue seems to be equally important on a journey to happiness.
However, none of the virtues would ever be practiced without hope. Hope precedes all other virtues
because it steers a person towards the realization that Plato's "imperishable Idea" exists, giving them
trust that our sensations and perceptions could not be all that there is (62). For instance, Adam
Kadlac defines a courageous person as someone who embraces the reality and themselves and
"attempts to live with the tension, the disappointments as well as the successes" (346). In other
words, a courageous person is someone who is willing to take risks. Lear, on the other hand,
emphasizes that tolerating and taking risks is a fundamental part of human nature (Kadlac, 346).
Therefore, every man should ideally be courageous. Nevertheless, a courageous man is necessarily
hopeful. When facing the uncertainty of the future, there is a possibility of disappointment and pain,
and hope is what keeps the one in touch with reality (Kadlac, 346). In other words, when taking
risks, a courageous person is aware that there is a possibility of a negative outcome; however, they
still take the risk because they have hope that the outcome will be positive. To simplify, courage
requires hope, so the virtue of hope precedes the virtue of

Virtue in Telemachus’ Life
Telemachus is the son of Odysseus and Penelope in the Odyssey. He was raised without a father and
this caused him not to have a strong male example in his life. He was forced to mature into a man on
his own and become the man his father was. Telemachus is required to figure out ways to be
honorable on his own and this causes him to have a deeper responsibility than the normal man of his
age. In Telemachus' life, he is able to mature into an adult man capable of making virtuous decisions
and acting with the honor that is required of a virtuous man of the Greek world and Christian world.
Virtue in the Greek world was determined mainly by how one is viewed by others. This was an
important notion for the Greeks, since their society was very ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This event shows that he is ready to assume the role of king if his father would not make it back.
The first time Telemachus shows bravery is when he tells the suitors to leave the palace (Odyssey
2.155–58). He does not know how they will react or even if they will try to kill him on the spot.
Towards the end of the Odyssey, Telemachus proves himself a worthy warrior and gains his honor
when he fights the suitors with his father. "He paused with a warning nod, and at that sign Prince
Telemachus took his stand by a chair that flanked his father, his bronze spear point glinting now like
fire" (Odyssey 21.480–84). According to the Greek tradition of virtue, Telemachus has become a
man of arête and virtue since he excelled on the battlefield and in gaining honor from his travels.
Telemachus would have been viewed virtuous according to the Christian standards since he has each
of the theological virtues required. He shows the virtue of faith by believing in the goddess Athena
after she reveals herself as being disguised as Mentor. Nestor speaks for Telemachus and says,
"quickly carry out my wishes now so I may please the gods, Athena first of all" (Odyssey 3.467–68).
Telemachus trusts the god's plan and the information they have provided about his excursion. He
shows the virtue of hope by using his trust in the gods to help him speak in front of King

Can Christian Ethics Survive Within A Secular State?
Can Christian Ethics survive in a secular state?.
Christian ethics is the study of the way of life that conforms to the will of God. Judgment of
behaviour derives from the fundamental Christian virtues. These are prudence, fortitude, temperance
and justice. Christian ethics is essentially a religious ethic and is deeply founded in the revelation of
God. Therefore, "how does the decline of Christianity in modern Western societies impede the
validity of a Christian ethical approach to contemporary issues?" (Vorster, 2012). Using Vorster's
article as inspiration for research, I will be discussing whether in society today, true Christian ethics
can be found. True Christian ethics involve "concepts like stewardship, readiness to serve and
obedience to God" (Vorster, 2012). However, can these concepts flourish in an "environment where
hard, rude pursuit of profits, wealth and prosperity are pursued" (Vorster, 2012).
Augustine accepted the natural virtues of philosophers (prudence, fortitude, temperance and justice)
but subordinated them to the "infused virtues" of faith, hope and love. We live in a different world
context today and we have to rethink the relevance of Christian life not only from an individual
personal perspective but also in terms of broader social Christian ethics (Wyk, 2010). Christian
ethics is distinctive because it is the ethics of the New Testament, we don't often think about it in
that way. If we're going to describe what Christian ethics is we must use

Richard Niebuhr 's Work, Christ And Culture
H. Richard Niebuhr 's work, Christ and Culture, presents a fivefold typology to describe the
different ways Christians understand the interrelation between God, human beings, and culture, and
the inherent nature of each of these categories. Niebuhr begins by talking about Christians who
understand Christ in diametric opposition to an inherently sinful culture. These Christians see Christ
calling them to tear down culture or enter into monastic communities to guard themselves from it.
Niebuhr ends his typology by describing Christians who see Christ's work as the work of
redemption. Christ transforms people by converting us back to our original state so that we might
glorify God and change society so that it likewise reflects this change in personhood. Jose Porfirio
Miranda's brand of liberation theology adopts the logic of these Niebuhrian types while offering a
unique constructive perspective. In this paper, I will explain Niebuhr 's construction of Christ
against Culture and Christ transforming culture before applying these types to Miranda's theory of
justice and discussing the way in which Miranda's description of Christians in the public sphere
resonates with these Niebuhrian categories. I will then discuss what Niebuhr and Miranda offer to
people of faith, I will apply their insights to the current presidential campaign, and then I will
conclude by discussing the way in which our political culture lauds the voices of the rich and
powerful at the expense of all

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Code Analysis
In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Sir Gawain obeys a code of knightly conduct that revolves
around a few key principles. Today, these principles do not carry the same importance and influence
as they did in 14th century Middle England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a chivalric romance
story, representing the importance of the chivalric code. Sir Gawain always keeps his promises,
obeys his lord, and enters combat to uphold his reputation of bravery. These comprise part of the
code of chivalry, the principle of utmost importance to any knight. Arthurian legends esteemed
honor, honesty, valor, and loyalty. The Knights Code of Chivalry and vows of the Knighthood
include a lengthy list of vows required from knights. These include: ♣ To ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although actual nights are not a part of today's society, we have modern day knights in the form of
soldiers. In a sense, the values of the U.S army trace back to the Age of Chivalry, and many of their
values coincide with such. For example, the Army values loyalty just as knights did. Soldiers are
expected to be true to the U.S Constitution and fellow soldiers. They wear a uniform to express this
loyalty. They also value duty, which is fulfilling your obligations and accomplishing a multitude of
objectives with a team. Respect is also esteemed in the Army. Soldiers pledge to "treat others with
dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same." (The Army Values, 25–26). The next
value is selfless service, putting the welfare of others above yourself. Then Honor, which is a soldier
living their everyday life while encompassing the values of the Army. Following this is integrity,
which is doing what is right in a legal and moral sense. Lastly, demonstrating courage is expected of
a soldier. Proving one's ability to overcome all types of adversity and standing up for your beliefs
are parts of being a courageous soldier. Overall, these values of the modern U.S army coincide with
the values of medieval knights. I don't believe the courtesy in respect to interactions with others
(especially women) is valued as highly in modern times. Sir Gawain was expected to revere women
to an almost legendary level. This is not

Essay about Theological Virtue of Charity
Saint Thomas Aquinas is one of the people accredited for having brought theology into the
limelight. However, though theology existed long before the emergence of philosophers and fathers
if the church, individualistic drives such as those of Aquinas brought a deeper understanding into the
mysteries of theology. Modern day theology would not have gotten any bearing without the impact
of philosophers and scholars who simplified the understanding of theological concepts. While it
cannot be independently verified what the motivation was behind the interest in theology, it is clear
that theology is what it is because of the input of the philosophers and scholars (Thomas & Pegis,
1997). Aquinas, being motivated into the world of theology, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Aquinas sought to use the same writings and thoughts to further his agenda for making clear his
thoughts. Aristotle based his arguments on the goodness of man. He noted that the man has to
develop from within an aspect of being admired based on the characters that are not as controversial.
In essence, he meant that it is critical for people to leave a life that is a mirror to others and other
generations to come. Aquinas borrowed this concept of the understanding of man to outline the
essence of theological value of ethics. In his arguments, Aquinas noted that for one to achieve some
level of charity from the perspective of theology, two things were critical. Faith and hope, according
to him covered a wide area in understanding or attaining some charity and moral standards. Virtues,
according to Aquinas are the driving force towards achieving some certain 'telo'. Human beings are
ever in pursuit of happiness and as such are always motivated to identify such things that bring
about wellbeing. To this end, Aristotle talked about Beatitudes as a means through which human
beings derive their happiness. According to Aquinas, virtues that are theological in nature drive the
human race towards the supernatural while the other virtues drive people to achieve some specific
ends. The theological values that include faith, hope and charity drive people to God. In essence, he
sought to distinguish the theological virtues and the other virtues. The distinction was that the two

Aristotle 's Philosophy On Ethics
Nicomachean ethics is the name of Aristotle's work on ethics based on his lectures. It is said that
Nicomachean ethics were named after either Aristotle's father or son , as they were both named
Nicomachus. Aristotle believed that happiness is what makes a person pure. To prove his point,
Aristotle believed that there were four moral virtues that worked together; the virtue of great soul,
the virtue of justice, the virtue of practical judgment and the virtue of being a truly good friend. Ten
books have been written from Aristotle's lecture notes.
Aristotle's first seven books focus on the virtues he believed were important and was believed to
have his thoughts on ethics based on Plato and Socrates philosophy. In the first seven books,
Aristotle goes over basic virtues and how they relate to each other and to moral values. Over the
next few paragraphs, I will explain my understandings of Aristotle's virtues from these books.
In Book I, Aristotle starts to discuss what Plato stated about the Theory of Forms, but mainly wants
to define happiness, what is also known as Eudaimonia. Aristotle states in Book I, three ways in
which people associate with happiness; "slavish way of pleasure (majority of people), refined and
active way of politics, (which aims at honor), and the way of contemplation"(Aristotle:
Nicomachean Ethics). These three things are said to be what people aim for in their own sake of
happiness.
In Book II, Aristotle speaks about the nature of human

Poverty And The Effects Of Poverty
As a community guided by God, the Catholic Church is continually challenging its members and
other global communities to unite through charity, justice and subsidiarity to improve the livelihood
of those supressed by poverty. By definition, such poverty is detrimental to human rights outlined in
the Catholic Social Teachings (CSTs), and consequently, the Church has sought immediate aid for
these people. Due to the cyclical nature of poverty, actions of justice are also being encouraged to
sustain its reversal. Ideologies of benefactor supremacy aim to be inhibited through humility and the
implementation of citizen–led strategies to eradicate poverty. However, the human nature presents
recurrent barriers, deterring the success of social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These three principles decide the approach of the Church in the goal of poverty eradication.
Social justice begins with charity. Charity or the "love [of] God above all things for his own sake,
and our neighbour as ourselves for the love of God" (CCC 1822) calls Catholics to prioritise the
needs of the poor over those of the able to preserve dignity and protect life. Hence, charity is an
enactment of social justice. The invincibility of poverty stems from its ability to self–propagate
(Townsend 1979). As a result, charity makes a worthy opponent as "love grows through love" (DCE
18) mimicking this source of power. In addition, charity embraces truth (CIV 1) which supports
education, the central aspect of poverty reduction (Awan et.al. 2011; Cleveland 2014). From an
academic perspective, above all, the economic plight of the poor must be addressed to prevent
human suffering. Maslow's hierarchy of needs indicates that opportunity is debilitated (and poverty
is induced) primarily when physiological needs are withdrawn (Maslow 1943), justifying economic
poverty to be "the single most urgent ... claim on the conscience" (EJFA 86). Such warrants the
inaction of financial relief (i.e. mainstream charity) which the church has been involved in as the
largest charitable organisation (Regnerus 1998), contributing approximately six billion dollars
annually (Paton 2017). Since "God is love" (1 John

I Think About The Word Ethics
When I think about the word ethics the first thing that comes to mind is what is it, and what does it
mean to me? Ethics itself is how one conducts themselves in what they deem is an appropriate
manner. It is the basis of our moral decisions and makes us who we are as people and influences our
choices. There are different components in ethics that consist of, acting out of duty, good intentions,
consequences, utility or outcome of one's actions and striving to be a virtuous person. The one that
stands out the most and influences my behavior is virtue. Whether it is my thoughts or actions I try
to remain virtuous in my behavior. Doing the right thing because that is what is morally right is how
I make my decisions. I would rather go out of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overcoming these vices and still maintaining a virtuous attitude shows true strength and virtuous
character. This, I also believe, stands out as one of the important aspects of virtue. Even when
difficult vices are set in front of you to choose along with the good, being virtuous would result in
picking the right choice because it is simply that, the right thing to do.
Augustine Aurelius, more commonly known by the name Saint Augustine, was quite astonishingly
one of the most important and influential thinkers in history as we know it. Although he had
extremely pessimistic views, his way of thinking towards contemporary political theory shaped his
following and ideas into what is known about him today. "Many critics target Augustine 's
pessimism, arguing that his fixation on sin and longing for the heavenly city deny the value of this–
worldly politics."(Lamb, 2014) Born in Tagaste in 354, he was particularly exposed to varying
cultures and religion. Living in North Africa throughout his childhood, he saw and recognized the
coexistence of these cultures and religions around the time of Emperor Constantine. The edict of
religious tolerance took the forefront around 1313, and this inspired him to search for the truth. He
set out to reach this goal after examining and reading the works of Cicero. His exhortation to "love
wisdom" was what sparked the inspiration of Augustine to explore different doctrines that were
presented at the time of his life.

Essay about Chivalry in the Middle Ages: Illusion or Reality?
The ideals of chivalry are inextricably linked with the medieval period, and even today it is an ideal
we still pay lip service to. Many historians however have questioned whether the knights and
nobility of the time actually took it any more seriously than we do. Johan Huizinga described it as "a
cloak for a whole world of violence and self–interest" , an "illusion of society [that] clashed with the
reality of things" , and in our rather cynical age, this is probably the predominant view of the middle
ages. Nonetheless, it is not a view that has gone unchallenged by more recent historians, and even
Huizinga concedes that for the nobility, chivalry constituted "an amazing self–deception" , an ideal
that resonated with many young nobles who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The romantic authors of the period such as Chrétien de Troyes are fairly consistent in providing us
with one interpretation of the proper chivalric virtues a knight should aspire to: prowess, loyalty,
largesse, courtesy and franchise . However, whilst these stories certainly may have exerted some
influence over the thinking of knights, we might expect a more accurate conception of chivalry
would be found in the writings of actual knights such as Llull and Charny. Ramon Llull, in his 'Book
of the Order of Chivalry', claims that the chivalric knight must adhere to seven virtues, comprising
the three 'theological' virtues of "faith, hope [and] charity" and the four 'cardinal' virtues of "justice,
prudence, temperance and fortitude" . Given that he also requires courtesy and loyalty in his knights,
his definition in large part encompasses that of the romantics and expands upon it by adding a
religious element, for he continually stresses the need for a knight to be pious and god–fearing .
Geoffroi de Charny, writing a little over half a century later, was famed for his chivalry even in his
own lifetime, but advanced a rather more pragmatic view of knighthood and chivalry. Nevertheless,
his work is overflowing with references to God and Judas Maccabeus, whom he regards as a
splendid example of the ideal knight , and it is clear

Humility Paper
The journal article is important as it digs in the fundamentals of humility. Humility happens to be a
virtue that personalities should possess so that they can relate well to their daily interactions.
Additionally, it captures its development in many cultures, societies and religions. Humility
demonstrates resonance with the contemporary world today. It calls for self–learning and remarks on
the present self–deprecation. This will bring about adaptations, adjustments and reinterpretations of
many spiritual texts, profound writings and understandings of the expression of it.
The research hypotheses posse's questions like how humility affect experimental psychology does.
How does it auger with the other disciplines? How has been the humility ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Be they Buddhist; hammer Indian, and the traditions of the humanist (Wolfteich et al., 2016). The
virtue of humility has been on the support side of many scholars, researchers, theologians and the
leaders of the spiritual development. This virtue has been on the wrong books of philosophers and
the feminist scholars. They have intensely scrutinized it bringing out negative demeanors on its
exact constituents on humility (Wolfteich et al., 2016).
This research is important, as it has put emphasis on a part that has been neglected for many ages. It
has laid a great deal of emphasis on the western psychology on an individual. It involves self–
esteem and the personal agency. Humility is some instances have been equated with self–denial.
This human virtue gives the obstacles of integration of the psychological well–being with the
theories of psychology. Nevertheless, with the appearance of the positive psychology movement
humility has received a lot of substantial

Hume's Wide Construal of the Virtues Essay
Hume's Wide Construal of the Virtues
ABSTRACT: The term "virtue" has traditionally been used to designate morally good character
traits such as benevolence, charity, honesty, wisdom, and honor. Although ethicists do not
commonly offer a definitive list of virtues, the number of virtues discussed is often short and their
moral significance is clear. Hume's analysis of the virtues departs from this tradition both in terms of
the quantity of virtues discussed and their obvious moral significance. A conservative estimate of the
various virtues Hume refers to in his moral writings would put the number at around seventy, with
the more untraditional ones including wit, good manners, and dialog. Unsurprisingly, Hume's critics
have attacked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hume's analysis of the virtues departs from this tradition both in terms of the quantity of virtues he
discusses and their obvious moral significance. A conservative estimate of the various virtues Hume
refers to in his moral writings would put the number at around seventy, with the more untraditional
ones including wit, good manners, and dialog. Not surprisingly, Hume's critics, past and present,
have attacked him for making nonsense of the concept of virtue by construing it so widely. For
example, Philippa Foot argues that, ... one does not find in Hume an account of the difference
between skills or talents and virtues and he even says that there is no reason to consider virtue as
something distinct. I suppose it is partly due to Hume's influence that this important topic, which
was splendidly treated by Aristotle and Aquinas, is hardly discussed by modern moral philosophers.
(1)
Hume was aware that his broad understanding of virtue was controversial and he offered several
defenses for his position. After presenting the neglected attacks of his contemporaries, and Hume's
response, I will argue that a problem remains: by failing to distinguish between degrees of virtue,
Hume also fails to distinguish between degrees of vice. But, some vices such as malevolence clearly
deserve punishment whereas other alleged vices such as uncleanliness clearly do not. Thus, for
adequate retribution, a distinction is needed between important and less

Philosophy of Ethics Essay
The word "ethics" comes from Greek ethikas meaning character. Today, we use ethics to describe
the normative standard of behavior. The history of philosophical ethics has been broken up into five
rational methods: Virtue, Traditional, Modern, and Post–Modern Ethics. Within these periods, the
philosophy of ethics changed along with the changes being made within society. The first rational
method is Virtue Ethics. The major philosophers during this period were materialists such as Plato,
Aristotle, Epicurus, and Plutarch. Greek were concerned with finding eudaimonia meaning the good
life, but what is the good life? Known as the greatest Western philosopher, Plato developed the
Cardinal Virtues: Justice, Courage, Moderation, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the last major philosophers of Virtue Ethics was Plutarch who advocated virtue but disagreed
with Epicurus because he believed there was no true pleasure. At this same time, between 400 B.C.–
40 B.C. Stoic philosophers such Cicero, who combined the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato,
developed his idea on ethics and how everyone has a duty and should imitate virtue for others. He
said duty has two points which are to achieve the Supreme Good, and follow the rules for daily
living. Cicero was a strong believer in rationality incorporated Plato's Cardinal Virtues into his three
rules of conduct: master desires through reason, know true value of goals and be moderate in actions
and lifestyle. Following Virtue Ethics, a major shift occurred in thinking. The philosophers of Virtue
Ethics were materialists and believed we only have what we have and after death, we have nothing.
Traditional Ethics shifted the focus on religion once it began to spread. Also known as Biblical
Ethics, philosophers started a systematic study of Biblical themes and principles surrounding ethics
and morality. St. Augustine was trained as a philosopher and combines his understanding of the
Bible to ethics by answering the same question as Plato and Aristotle did, "What is the highest
good?" He answered this question with happiness just like Aristotle but since Aristotle

Social Ethics In The Prophets
3) Explain how the concept of social ethics developed in theological writings across the centuries
and what the term "social ethics" mean today.
INTRODUCTION
What is social ethics? Ethics from the perspective of the Christian – it is the study of the principles
and practices of right and wrong in the light of the Scriptures, the application of Christianity to
conduct and translating doctrine into deeds, for example, the study and application of the Christian
faith. Ethics is faith translated into action. It is living according to biblical facts and principles, not
just having knowledge of them.
Social ethics are the moral principles that represent the collective experience of people and cultures.
Social ethics are a "code of conduct" that governs what is right and what is wrong. In a society to
ensure that all members of the community are taken care of. In a society, the focus is oftentimes is
on what may be considered appropriate behaviour for everyone in that given context. People are
very diverse and as such perceive and interpret situations differently.
"The selfish or self regarding man has no name of reputation in the Kikuyu community. An
individualist is looked upon with suspicion and is given a nickname of mwebongia, one who works
for himself is likely to end up a wizard. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It implies that there is an ethic in the Prophets that is different or perhaps better than ethics in other
books. This idea was actually made popular in the nineteenth century in Old testament scholarship.
Working from a purely historical perspective, scholars of that era assumed an evolutionary
development in Old testament religion. The sequence ran from the "law" or Torah (Hebrew:
instruction) of Moses in the earlier tribal periods, to the Prophets during the monarchy, to the era of
priestly leadership after the

Mere Christianity Essay
Through the eyes of C.S. Lewis: Simple Christianity
In England, during the year of 1942 when all hope was threatened by the inhumanity of war, a man
by the name of C.S. Lewis addressed the central issues of Christianity through a series of radio
lectures. After more than half a century later, his broadcasts still prevail and maintain their
poignancy. Each of his original lectures, Broadcast Talks (1942), Christian Behaviour (1943), and
Beyond Personality (1944) were compiled as one to make up the book currently known as Mere
Christianity. C.S. Lewis proves that "at the center of each there is something, or a Someone, who
against all divergences of belief, all differences of temperament, all memories of mutual
persecution, speaks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our bodies are governed by the law of gravitation and we cannot decide whether or not to obey this
law because it is just a matter of how the universe works but we each have the power of choice—the
ability to decide either to obey the Law of Human Nature or disobey it. We can recall the story of
Adam and Eve who had the choice to do what was right or wrong. Taking a look at Genesis 2:16,
17, God commanded, "You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the
tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die." They proceeded
to do what they were told not too do, making use of their power of choice by disobeying, in the end
leading to a set of consequences which marked the beginning of sin.
C.S. Lewis makes his first argument by stating, "First, that human beings, all over the earth, have
this curious idea that they ought to behave in a certain way, and cannot really get rid of it. Secondly,
that they do not in fact behave in that way. They know the Law of Nature; they break it. These two
facts are the foundation of all clear thinking about ourselves and the universe we live in" (p.8). Even
though each culture is different each contains their own personal moral code, which in fact are all
remarkably similar.
Taking a look at book two we can tackle the idea of what Christians believe. Christianity can be
viewed as being something that is complex. At first it may seem simple, but C.S. Lewis puts it

Coach Carter: The Cardinal Virtue Of Justice
Coach Carter
"You said we're a team. One person struggles, we all struggle. One person triumphs, we all
triumph." As seen in this quote, the movie Coach Carter truly depicts the values of Christian beliefs.
Moreover, it shows how hard work and dedication can make one become whom God wants him or
her to be. This quote and the movie show how people come together to form a strong and faithful
society. Throughout the movie, the cardinal virtue of justice, the theological virtue of love an act of
Christian morality, and an act of solidarity are demonstrated through the journey of this coach and
his basketball team.
The cardinal virtue of justice is treating others with the respect they deserve and with fairness.
Coach Carter demonstrates this cardinal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Justice, the cardinal virtue, was greatly demonstrated by Coach Carter in his treatment of his
players. The theological virtue of faith was exhibited many times with by the faith of Coach Carter
in his players to succeed past high school. Coach Carter sacrifices many things in his life in order to
help these young men succeed in the way they deserve to in an act of Christian Morality. The
influence of Carter rubbed off well on the players, as they perfectly demonstrate solidarity by
helping out their struggling teammate. This movie has so many important lessons that cannot be
understood by reading out a textbook. The movie Coach Carter put into action the lessons of
morality and being a good person. Treating others with the respect they deserve and with the utmost
care and love is one lessons that Christianity is built on. Coach Carter truly captivates the way
people ought to be and the way people ought to act towards each other. The lessons from this movie
are some of the most important lessons one can get in

Movie Analysis: Coach Carter And The Richmond Basketball Team
Coach Ken Carter truthfully exclaimed, "You get to become a winner. Because if there's one thing I
know, it is this: The losing stops now. Starting today, you will play like winners, act like winners,
and most importantly, you will be winners. If you listen and learn, you'll win basketball games."
Ken Carter accepted the tedious job of being the boys' basketball coach of the Richmond Oilers. He
had hopes for the team and courageously acted to carry out his wishes. Throughout the movie, Ken
Carter and the Richmond basketball team demonstrate Christian virtues, morality, and solidarity.
Cruz displays the cardinal virtue of fortitude. Even when faced with resistance from Coach Carter,
Cruz came back to play for the team. He asked Coach Carter what he had to do in order to play.
Carter said, "Okay, Mr. Cruz. Before you can play on this team...you owe me...push–ups...and
suicides." Despite this major blockade in order to play, Cruz powered through the task, even when
Coach Carter told him the task was impossible. With courage, Cruz determinedly carried out the
impossible number of push ups and suicides. He courageously sacrificed his personal abilities to
earn a spot on the team. Due to his steadfast perseverance in a time of pressure, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though there were some scenes that I would rather not have seen, the majority of the movie
was informing. It helped me realize how life is in some unfortunate areas. Now I definitely know
that I should value the safety and security of my life. In addition, the virtues and morals in the movie
are helpful because of their applicability. I feel that this movie is relatable in the sense that there are
student athletes who are faced with major decisions, peer pressure, and bad influences. Overall, I
think this movie is very worthwhile to show because it exemplifies how virtues, such as hope and
fortitude, morality, and solidarity can help me live a moral

The Ethics Of The Encyclopedia Of Philosophy
The methodology I find myself basing most of my decisions off of is aretology, also referred to as
virtue ethics. Aretology is defined by Lovin as "a system of thinking about ethics that centers on
virtues." Unlike deontology and teleology, which only focus on either rules or goals, aretology
combines both rules and goals making it a good basis for ethical decisions.
The Stanford of Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines virtue ethics as an ethical approach "that
emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or
rules (deontology) or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism)."
Additionally, The Stanford of Encyclopedia of Philosophy gives an example of a virtue ethicist by
saying that a virtuous person will help someone in need because it is charitable and contributes to
the good of society.
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy gives a very similar definition that says that areteology is
"a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather
than either doing one's duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences." The Internet
Encyclopedia of Philosophy also says that aretology was inspired by Aristotle, who said that a
virtuous person would have ideal character traits, which begin as instincts and are then established
after gaining personal experience. Lovin goes on to give Aristotle's definition of a virtue, which is "a
pattern of behavior

Philosophy Of Baptism Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Adriana Wilson

More from Adriana Wilson (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Philosophy Of Baptism Research Paper