YY

6. We live with
1-3 mSv
Can kill
4000 mSv
Radiation
Where to stop, where is the safe point?
What are the effects of radiation?

12.  Deterministic(Threshold/non-stochastic)
 Existence of a dose threshold value (below this
dose, the effect is not observable)
 Severity of the effect increases with dose
 A large number of cells are involved

13.  Cataracts of the lens of the
eye 2-10 Gy
 Permanent sterility
 males 3.5-6 Gy
 females 2.5-6 Gy
 Temporary sterility
 males 0.15 Gy
 females 0.6 Gy
dose
Severity
of
effect threshold

15. ICRP
IAEA
UNSCEAR
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS

21. IAEA (http://www.iaea.org)

22. Radiation
Protection
Justification Limitation
Optimisation

24. BENEFIT
RISK

40. 500 mSv
The hands and feet
500 mSv
The skin
150 mSv
The lens of the eye
Annual equivalent dose in:
20 mSv per year, averaged over
defined periods of 5 years
50 mSv in any single year
Effective dose
Occupational dose limit
Application

44. 50 mSv
The skin
15 mSv
The lens of the eye
Annual equivalent dose in:
1 mSv in a year (*)
Effective dose
Public dose limit
Application
(*) In special circumstances, an effective dose of up to 5 mSv
in a single year provided that the average dose over five
consecutive years does not exceed 1 mSv per year.

48.  film
 termoluminescence
dosimeters (TLD)
 ”electronic” dosimeters

65. For purposes of calculation, the
remainder is composed of the following
additional tissues and organs:
•Adrenals
•Brain,
•Upper large intestine,
•Small intestine,
•Kidney,
•Muscle,
•Pancreas,
•Spleen,
•Thymus and
•Uterus
These organs are choosen as they are
likely to be selectively irradiated.

74. Lung Gonads Bone Surfaces Bone Marrow Other Tissue Total
0.12 0.25 0.03 0.12 0.48 1
Cosmic 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.27
0 0 NA 0 0 0.01
Terrestrial 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.14 0.28
Inhaled 2 NA NA NA NA 2
In the body 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.06 0.17 0.4
WT
Cosmogenic

87. Occupation Mean Rate (per million per year)
Trade 40
Manufacture 60
Service 40
Government 90
Transport/ Public Utilities 240
Construction 320
Mines / Quarries 430
Radiation Worker* 20
Fatal Accident rates per million workers per year in
choosen occupations
* For radiation worker the 20 x 10-6
per year is the risk of any detriment not fatality