Employment Rural Development RD presentation

1. EMPLOYMENT
Presented by –
1. Abhijeet Kumar – 12MT10002
2. Abhishek Kumar – 12MT10003
3. Jagdip Singh - 12MT10015
4. Samhitha Shyamla -12MT10028
5. Tarit Mondal – 12 MT10042
IIT Kharagpur
(Metallurgical and Materials Engineering)

2. Employment
Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a
contract, one being the employer and the other being the employee.

3. Objective of Survey
To study the various employment opportunities
available for the people of Gopali Village.
To evaluate the problems faced by people to earn
livelihood.
To suggest economically, legally & socially feasible
employment generation strategies.

4. Data Collected

5. Collection of data for our survey
On Monday after noon, we used to gather in front of Puri Gate, IIT Kharagpur and
used to go to GOPALI village.
Generally, we use to go there via bi-cycle in scorching sun and visited 22 houses to
collect the relevant data.

6. Collecting the data from villagers of Gopali.

7. Villagers also used to be happy and showed the caring nature.

8. Village School in the lap of Gopali Village – which provides employment to local
people – teachers, peon, mid day meal workers, maid servant etc. .

9. Fishing used to be a good source of income for an individual family. But ,
in summer ponds, generally, get dried off and people shift to other jobs.

10. Small teashops and grocery shop. Proposal for cementing the
road may prove to be beneficial for villagers as many will get
job under MNREGA

11. Farm on both sides of the road.

12. Family 1
Member consulted – Sachin Patra
Assests – cemented house, farm
Members - brother, wife, sister, 2children
Employment - KV Electical Shop, looks after his farm
Monthly Income - Rs 2000 pm
Family 2
Member consulted – Asit Ghosal
Assests – cemented house, no farm
Members - husband,wife,1 sister and 1 daughter
Sister 3rd yr and daughter – 1st Yr Hijli collge
Employment - Electric service shop
Monthly Income - Rs 8000 pm

13. Family 3
Member consulted – Rahal Sen
Assests – Agriculture + cattle (2 ducks, 1hen, 1 cow)
Members - husband , wife, mother, father, daughter
Employment - Father – retired air force (pension), now school teacher – Rs 2000 pm
Husband – bussinees (10k/pm)
Monthly Income – Rs 12000 pm
Family 4
Member consulted – Debudas
Assests – Agriculture, Cattle and Cemented house
Members - Husband, Wife, Father, Mother & Brother
Children are too small to go to school
Employment - Husband- computer worker
Monthly Income – Husband - Rs 10000 pm
Father – 20000pm
Total house income – 30000pm

14. Family 5
Member consulted – Pradeep das
Assests – Cemented house
Members - mother, father, 2 daughter
1st daughter – bsc 1st yr, 2nd daughter- class 4th class – KV , Salua
Employment - Husband – earning member – retired air force
Monthly Income - Pension – 10k/pm
Family 6
Member consulted – Stnarayan Das
Assests – Small Hut
Members - Mother , father, 2 children
Employment – Fishing & MENREGA
Monthly Income - Fishing (3k/month) + 100 days works – MANREGA (Rs 120 per day)

15. Family 7
Member consulted – Ravindranath
Assests – Taxi, 2 Cattle, Cemted House, Farm
Members - Father, mother, 2 children
2 daughter – one in class 10 and other not going to school
Employment - Taxi driver, Agriculture
Monthly Income - Rs 13,000 pm
Family 8
Member consulted – Hardhan Chakarbarty
Assests – Cemented house, No Agriculture, No Cattle
Members - Mother, Father, Daughter
Employment - Husband – business
Wife – West Bengal police
Monthly Income - Rs 45,000 pm

16. Family 9
Member consulted – Niranjan Pal
Assests – Only a pakka house
Members - husband, wife, son
Employment -MNREGA for 100 days; goes only for 50 days
Monthly Income – Rs 5000 pm(avg)
Family 10
Member consulted – Ashok Das & brother Deepak Das
Assests – semi cemented house
Members - husband, wife, daughter
Employment - Attended MNREGA for 30-35 days both
Monthly Income – Rs 3000 pm

17. Family 11
Member consulted – Biswanath Murmur
Assests – N/A
Members - husband, wife, daughter, son, mother, father;
son- going to primary school
Employment – hen farming and agriculture
Monthly Income - Rs 10000 pm
Family 12
Member consulted – Loknath Maitri
Assests – cattle and agricultural land
Members - Husband wife son daughter mother
son – 4th clss –gopali High school ; daughter – 5th clss Gopali High school
Employment – MNREGA and farming
Monthly Income – Rs 5000 pm

18. Family 13
Member consulted –. Pancharan Maiti
Assests – only cemented house
Members -– Husband , wife , 2sons
wife paralysed
sons – 6th & 9th class Gopali school
Employment – Fishing
Monthly Income –Rs 3000 pm
Family 14
Member consulted – Uma Das
Assests – hut
Members - wife and 3 sons
deeply frustrated
Employment – child labour
Do not get 100 days in MNREGA
Monthly Income – Rs 500 pm

19. Family 15
Member consulted – Kogen Pathew
Assests – semi-cemented house
Members – wife, husband, 2 daughter, 1son – his wife – his 2 sons
Employment –Mason(father and son)
MNREGA – 60-70 days
Monthly Income – Rs 8000 pm
Family 16
Member consulted – Badal Patra
Assests – only a hut
Members – wife, 2 sons and retired father
Employment – No one employed, depends on father’s pension
Monthly Income - Rs 1200 pm

20. Family 17
Member consulted – Ram Hembrom
Assests – bike, car, cemented house
Members – 8 members
Employment – Sarpanch and Thekedar
Monthly Income – Rs 30000pm
Family 18
Member consulted –Sunyia Tudu
Assests – a hut only
Members - husband, 2 children
Employment - Agriculture in a small plot of land ; no other work
No help by IIT or village
Monthly Income – Rs 4000pm

21. Family 19
Member consulted – Nivedita Tudu
Assests – Cattle – hens and pigs
Members - herself & daughter
daughter – going to school
Employment – Nothing
No awareness regarding MNREGA & other programs
Monthly Income – Barely Rs 500 pm
Family 20
Member consulted – Luki Halder
Assests – Cattle, cycles and house
Members - husband wife 2 children
Employment – MNREGA
Husband working 15 days a month in near by factory
Monthly Income – Rs 20000 pm

22. Family 21
Member consulted – Philona Mandi
Assests – no land , only a house
Members – 2 daughters and husband
Employment – works outside village in TMC
Monthly Income – N/A
Family 22
Member consulted – Arjun Tudu
Assests – cemented house, cattles and a tractor
Members – wife, 2 sons, 3 daughters
Employment – Day Labour
Monthly Income – Rs 8000 pm

23. Interpretation of Data
1. Educated family have few members in their family
2. The job these families get are stable and long standing.
3. Uneducated family has many mebers in their family and most of them are
engaged in small jobs as labours.
Jobs they are engaged in-
1. Farmer
2. Fishery
3. Poultry
4. Construction Works in and around the campus
5. Technician
6. Teachers
7. Army
8. Peon
9. MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ACT)
etc…..
Working Outside Village –Drivers, Factory, TMC party etc

24. % of children engaged as labour – around 30%
% Women working – 70%
% Men Working – nearly 95 %
Few Statistics :-

25. Problems
• Inadequate opportunities for employment beyond
agriculture and lack of employability have resulted in
over-dependence on agriculture which is not able to
support the rising aspirations of the vast majority
living in rural India.
• Another challenge we must confront is slowing
agricultural growth. The share of agriculture in real
GDP has fallen down while the number of people
dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods has
not come down proportionately. This clearly shows
that the Indian growth story has not been inclusive
for the millions who are dependent only on
agriculture for their livelihood.

26. • Although women represent 50% of the population,
they also have the major responsibility of grooming
children and procuring the basic needs required for
food, fuel and fodder securities.
• The minimum support price mechanism is not
operating for most commodities. At every level of the
livelihood security system, there is a tendency to
make profit out of poverty.
• On the national scene, 87 per cent of our villages are
in clusters of population of 2,000 or below. These
provide small markets without efficient linkages and
financing options for which the farmers have fallen
prey to middlemen and moneylenders.

27. Ground Realities
The success of the MNREGA remains dubious. While
the achievements cannot be denied, the failures have
become evident too.
Issues related to MGNREGA

28. Migration
Distress migration
down but
migration in
search of better
and more lucrative
opportunities
continues as
before
MGNREGA cannot
match the wages
of skilled labour in
cities.

29. Women: On the Field Only
Gender difference in wages
reduced, yet in some public
works, the difference is larger :
Rs 98.3 for men and Rs 86.1 for
women.
Unavailability of work-site
facilities like crèches is a huge
disincentive
Participation of women in the
scheme limited to field work
Absence in worksite management,
in staff appointments, planning
through participation in gram
sabhas and social audits

30. REMEDIES
• Improvement in the agricultural system:
(a) In order to improve the system of agriculture, steps should be taken to
put an end to uneconomic holdings and to prevent the further sub-
division of land into even smaller pieces. The scattered portions of land
should be consolidated.
(b) The prevailing methods of agriculture do not exploit the natural
resources to the fullest extent of their potentiality. The method of
intensive cultivation will have to be adopted.
(c) Good seeds, proper tools and adequate manure should be provided to
the farmers to boost agricultural production.
(d) There should be rotation of crops so that employment can be
provided to the ruralites for a longer period.
(e)Steps should be taken to convert barren land into fertile land by
scientific methods
(f)To remove the uncertainty of rainfall,additional irrigation facility in the
form of minor and major irrigation projects should be provided so that
the farmers may adopt multiple cropping and remain busy throughout
the year.

31. • Development of subsidiary industries:
In order to provide peasant some gainful employment during that period of
the year when he is not engaged in cultivation some subsidiary occupations
such as dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture, bee keeping, furniture
making, weaving baskets and ropes etc. should also be developed. For this
purpose, they should be provided with adequate finance.
Small scale, labour-intensive industries should be set up to provide
employment to surplus rural labour force. These industries should take into
account the needs and resources of the rural areas The local labour as well
as other resources should be utilized to develop these industries.
• Public construction:
The unemployed ruralites can be provided with work by engaging
them in public construction like constructing roads, digging tanks
etc. These works should be started only in areas where people are
without any work

32. • Encouraging rural entrepreneurs:
Rural entrepreneur is one of the most important inputs in the economic
development of a country and of regions within the country. Rural
entrepreneur uses the scarce resources in the most efficient manner
thereby increasing profits and decreasing costs. Due to lack of education,
majority of rural people are unaware of technological development,
marketing etc. Shortage of finance and raw materials are main problems
face by rural entrepreneurs. Most of the rural entrepreneurs face peculiar
problems like illiteracy, fear of risk, lack of training and experience, limited
purchasing power and competition from urban entrepreneur.
To overcome these:
1.Govt. should provide separate financial fund of rural entrepreneur.
2. We should provide special infrastructure facilities whatever they deed.
3. Govt. should arrange special training programmes of rural
entrepreneurship
4. Govt. should felicitate top ranker rural’s entrepreneur.
5. Rural entrepreneur should more competitive and efficient in the local &
international market.
6. Use should invite successful rural entrepreneurs from other states of
country.

33. • 7. Minimum need programme:
• Minimum need programme should be undertaken in the rural
areas. This covers the provision of rural housing, water supply,
primary health care, primary education etc. Besides providing
employment, such a programme will improve the socio-
economic health of the rural society.
• 8. Arrangement for transport of labour:
• In order to provide employment to the rural people
arrangement should be made for transport of labour from the
areas of thick population to the areas where the density is
comparatively less.
• 9. Organisation of agriculture market:
• Favourable conditions for marketing agricultural produce will
alleviate the problem of agricultural unemployment. The
organisation of the agricultural market will increase the
income of the cultivator. As a result, the problem relating to
rural unemployment will be mitigated to a great extent.

34. • Improving the quality and outcomes of basic
education:
Efforts to expand basic education programmes to reach
more learners in rural areas need to be accompanied
by measures to ensure that the content, quality and
delivery of those programmes effectively meet
learners’ needs. Basic education that is seen to be
relevant to rural people’s learning needs and of good
quality is better able to attract and retain learners.

35. THANK YOU