english with mahmud

1. 1Transformation of sentences
Affirmative to Negative:
1. Only (person) →nonebut.
Ex: Affir:Only he can do the work.
Neg: None but he can do the work.
2. Only (things/objects)→nothingbut.
Ex: Affir:A child likes only sweets.
Neg: A child likes nothing but sweets.
3. Only (number/digit)→notmorethan/ Notlessthan
Ex: Affir:He is only ten.
Neg: He is not more than ten.
4. Must → can’t but
Ex: Affir:We must obey our parents.
Neg: We can’t but obey our parents.
5. And →notonly…….butalso
Ex: Affir:He took coffeeand ice-cream.
Neg: He tooknot only coffeebut also ice-cream.
Affir:Both X and Y are good friend.
Neg: Not only X but also Y are good friend.

2. 26. Every →thereis no+the after wordof‘Every’+but
Ex: Affir:Everyonehates a liar.
Neg: There is no one but hates a liar.
7. As soonas →No soonerhad+sub+V3+sentence+than+extension.
Affir:As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg; No sooner had the thief seen the policethan he ran away.
8. Too………….to →so…….that+sub+can’t/couldn’t
Ex: Affir:He is too weakto walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he can’t walk
9. As…….as → not less……...than
Ex: Affir:Rana was as wise as Usha
Neg: Rana was not less wise than Usha
Affir: Rana and Karim were as strong as Rony.
Neg: Rana and Karim were not less strong than Rony.
10. Sometimes → notalways
Ex: Affir:My friends sometimes visit me.
Neg: My friends not always visit me.
Many+Few = Countable noun
Much+Little= Uncountable Noun
11. Many→ nota few
Ex: Affir:There are many students in the class.
Neg: There are not a few students in the class.

3. 312. A few→notmany
Ex: Affir:I have a few friends
Neg: I have not many friends.
13. Much → not a little
Ex: Affir:He has much money
Neg: He has not a little money.
14. A little→ not much
Ex: Affir:I have a little rice.
Neg; I have not much rice.
15. When transformanysimpleaffirmativeinto negative:
Not+ alternative formof the affirmative word
Example:
He is good
He is not bad
He is an honest man
He is not a dishonest man
16. Always → never+alternativeformofthe affirmativeword
Ex: Affir:I always agree withhim.
Neg:I never disagree withhim.
17. Eternal Truth:
→Auxiliary verb+ not+………….?
Ex: Affir:Sun gives us light.

4. 4Neg: Doesn’t sun give us light?
Affir:The Earth moves round the Sun.
Neg: Doesn’t the Earth moveround the sun?
Affir:Man is mortal.
Neg: Isn’t man mortal?
Assertive to Interrogative:
1. Never→ Ever
Ex: I never drink tea.
-Do I ever drink tea?
2. Nothing→ anything
Ex: It was nothing to do.
-Was it anything to do?
3. Everybody/Everyone/ All → Who+do/does+not.
Ex: Everyoneloves flower
-Who doesn’t loveflower?
Everybody hates a liar
-Whodoesn’t hate liar?
4. Every+noun → Is there any + noun+who doesn’t+extension.
Ex: Every man hates war.
-Is there any man whodoesn’t hate war?
But is ‘must’ in the sentence: → will not
Everymanmust die.
-Is there any man whowill not die?
5. Nobody,none,no one → Who
Ex: Nobody can do it.
-Who can do it?
Exclamatory to Assertive:
1. What/How→
Sub+auxiliary verb+a/an+very/great+adjective + extension.
For example: What a fine bird it is!
Asser-It is a very fine bird.
What a foolhe is!
Asser-He is a great fool.

5. 52. Hurrah→ It’s a matter ofjoythat
Alas→ It’s a matter ofsorrow
- Hurrah! We wonthe game.
- It’s a matter of joy that we have wonthe game.
- Alas! I am undone.
- It’s a matter of sorrow that I am undone.
3. If the sentence beginwith‘If/Had/ Wouldthat’ → Sub+wish+followingpartof‘If/Had’.
For example: - If I were a king!
-Iwish I were a king
-Had I been a king!
-Iwish I had been a king.
-Had I the wings of a bird!
-Iwish I had the wings of a bird.
- Would that I could be a child again!
-I wish I could be a child again.
Assertive to Exclamatory:
I wish → If/Had.
- I wish I were a king.
- If I were a king!
- I wish I had the wings of a bird.
- Had I the wings of a bird!
Assertive to Imperative:
2nd (You) person
1. Affirmativesentence → Verb1+followingpartofVerb
Asser: -Youspeak the truth.
-Speak the truth.
Asser: -Youshould do the work.
-Do the work.
2. Negativesentence → Don’t+Verb1+followingpartofverb.
- Youdon’t go out.
- Don’t go out.

6. 63. Never → Never+V1+ followingpartofverb.
- Youshould never tell a lie.
- Never tell a lie.
1st& 3nd persons
4. If the assertivesentencestart withfirst/ third person→ Let+objectiveformofthe
subject+ mainverb + extension.
- She cooksrice.
- Let her cookrice.
- She sings a song.
- Let her sing a song.
- We should go there.
- Let us go there.
5. First/thirdpersonwith‘not’ → Let +objectiveformofthe subject+not+main
verb+extension.
- We don’t hate the poor.
- Let us not hate the poor.
- She doesn’t tell a lie.
- Let her not tell a lie.
- Shahir doesn’t go there
- Let not Shahir go there.
Not →beforenoun
→afterpronoun
© Abdullah-Al-Mahmud
Dept.of InformationScience &LibraryManagement
Universityof Rajshahi.
☺ 01755484957