1.
FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA UNIVERSITY
EDUCATION SCIENCES
ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM
ENGLISH MAJOR
October, 2015
Teacher: Licda. Josmary Cuauro

2.
A connector is a Word that is used to join Words or sentences.
(and, as well as, but, or, yet, nevertheless, however, so that, as long as, while, until, as if, because,
after, though, before)
Examples:
A boy and a girl
A toy or a book
The music was loud nevertheless it was enjoyable

3.
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
Is aWord that connects words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance in a sentence.The most
common coordinating conjunctions are: and, but, or, for and nor.
 Use a comma with a co-ordinating conjunction to connect two independent clauses in a
compund sentence.
 Avoid writing sentences that contain too many co-ordinating conjuctions between independent
clauses.
Use of “AND”:
• Is used as a conjunction when the Word or phrases are of equal importance and both condition
exist. Other words that can be used in place of “and”are:
• Moreover
• In addition to
• Along with
• Plus
• As well as
• Further more

4.
We need gloves and a
ball in addition to bats
We found the thief along with
the bags
The soldiers rose moreover
they cheered the leader
They paid for the books as weel
as Jhon
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
Coordinating conjunctions

5.
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
Use of “BUT”:
• Is used to show a contradiction between two phrases.
Other words that can be used in place of “but”are:
• Nevertheless
• Yet
• however
Coordinating conjunctions

6.
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
Examples
• Sharon fell from the horse nevertheless she did not cry
• The lion was hungry yet it didn´t attack Jhon.
• He is from England, however he speaks chinese very well.
Coordinating conjunctions

7.
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
Use of “or”:
When we need to express a choice between two words or
phrases we use or.
Examples:
• Would you like to drink a cup of coffee or tea?
• Shall we buy a book or a toy?
• Are you tired or shall we go out for a walk?

8.
TYPES OF CONNECTORCorrelative conjunctions
Conjunctions used in pairs are correlative conjunctions.
Either..... or Either Peter or John has taken the book.
Neither.....nor It is neither hot nor tasty.
Both.....and My sister is both smart and intelligent.
Whether..... or Tell me whether you know the route or not.
Not only..... but also Not only is she stupid but also stubborn.

9.
Compound conjunctions
Compound conjunctions are groups of words that behave like conjunctions.
(In order that, on condition that, provided that, as soon as)
Conjunction Usage
In order that I bought all the books in order that you may study
On condition that The teacher excused him on condition that he would not repeat the mistake.
Even if Sarah would not marry him even if he proposed to her.
So that I kept away my work so that I could spend time with my daughters
Provided that You can take leave provided that you work overtime later
As though Rex behaves as though he is the boss.
As well as Monica as well as veronica was present there
As soon as Mr. Ford plans to pay off his loan as soon as he gets his bonus.
As if It looks as if there is going to be a storm.

10.
Subordinating conjunctions
TYPES OF CONNECTOR
A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
The chief subordinating conjunctions are after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before,
unless.
Examples:
 I will not go to the market if it rains.
 The situation 'I will not go to the market' is dependant on the condition 'if it rains'.
 You could go and play after you have done the dishes.
 King Midas was unhappy because his daughter turned to gold.
 You must dig the earth till you find water.

11.
TIME CLAUSES
The past continuous and simple past are often used together in sentences.
For these sentences, we need to use time clauses.These time clauses
include:
While, when, as, after, before.
There are many ways to use time clauses

12.
Order of past events: TIME CLAUSES
Simple Past (1st
Event)
Simple Past (2nd Event) Full Sentence
I took the test after I finished the book. I took the test after I finished the book.
Maggie called me
when she heard the
news.
Maggie called me when she heard the news.
After the storm
happened,
we replanted all the trees.
After the storm happened, we replanted all the
trees.
He ate all the food before she got home. He ate all the food before she got home.
Sometimes, we use time clauses to talk about two things that happened in the past, and show the order
in which they happened. Sentences with two simple past clauses can show that one thing was
completed, and then another thing was completed. Here are some examples.

13.
When we use one simple past clause and one past continuous clause, it usually shows that a
simple past event interrupted a past continuous event. Here are some Examples.
Notice that the same rule with commas applies to this kind of time clause sentence!
In these sentences, the past continuous sentence can come first or second, but it is always the event that got interrupted by
something in the simple past.
1st Event 2nd Event Full Sentence
They were dancing in the
ballroom
when Mr. Hickles fell down. They were dancing in the ballroom when Mr. Hickles fell down.
When Mr. Hickles fell down,
they were dancing in the
ballroom.
When Mr. Hickles fell down, they were dancing in the ballroom.

14.
When we want to talk about two things in the past that were happening at the same time, we
use the past continuous. In these sentences, both events were continuing and were not completed.
We can use while, when or as for these sentences. Here are some examples.
Past Continuous (1st Event) Past Continuous (2nd Event) Full Sentence
I was singing along to the
radio
while driving to school in the
morning.
I was singing along to the radio while driving to
school in the morning.
Was your dad working as the storm was happening?
Was your dad working as the storm was
happening?
While she was shopping in the
mall,
I was planning her surprise
birthday party!
While she was shopping in the mall, I was
planning her surprise birthday party!
While the zookeeper was
feeding the lions,
the gorillas were escaping!
While the zookeeper was feeding the lions, the
gorillas were escaping!

15.
Good to know……………
Sometimes when we use two past continuous clauses with
the same subject (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, you or a name), we
can leave out the subject in the second part of the sentence.