These is slides on Health Safety Security and the Environment topic 1.

1. CHAPTER 1
HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSSE)

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
CLO1 Analyse general and specific practices surrounding HSSE in
transport operations
CLO2 Demonstrate lifelong learning through HSSE in transport
CLO3 Demonstrate ethical practices of HSSE in transport
operations

3. TOPIC 1 - 3
1. Introduction to HSSE
1.1) 1.1 Concept and Objectives
1.2) 1.2 Importance
1.3) 1.3 Key Issues of HSSE in Transport and Logistics Operations
2. HSSE Management System
2.1) 2.1 HSSE Management System and Requirements
2.2) 2.2 Overview of General Guidelines and Requirements : National and International
2.3) 2.3 Overview of Industry Specific Guidelines and Requirements
3. Institutional Perspectives of HSSE
3.1) 3.1 International and Malaysia Context
3.2) i. Airport and Airline Operations
3.3) ii. Port Operations
3.4) iii. Land Transport Operations
3.5) iv. Warehouse Operations

4. 4.HSSE Accidents
4.1) 4.1 Causes of Accidents
4.2) 4.2 Effects, Causes and Implications
4.3) 4.3 Theories
4.4) 4.4 Principles Steps in Accidents Investigation
4.5) 4.5 Preparing Accident Investigation Report
5.Health and Hygiene
5.1) Importance of Occupational Health and Hygiene in:
i. Airport and Airline Operations
ii. Port Operations
iii. Land Transport Operations
iv. Warehouse Operations
5.2 Occupational Health Illness and Diseases
5.3 Stress Management
5.4 Environmental Work Hazards
5.5 Occupational Health Programs

5. 6.Safety and Security Management in the following context (Air
Transport Operations, Ports and Shipping, Rail Operations,
Land Freight and Public Transport Operation and Warehouse)
6.1) 6.1 Process Safety Leadership
6.2) 6.2 Management of process risk
6.3) 6.3 Process of safety hazard control
6.4) 6.4 Fire and explosion protection
7.HSSE Specific Management Programs
7.1) 7.1 Workplace
7.2) 7.2 Cargo security
7.3) 7.3 Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials
7.4) 7.4 Work at Height
7.5) 7.5 Slips and Trips
7.6) 7.6 Health Priority Plans

6. 8. Risk Management
8.1) 8.1 Risk Management Principles
8.2) 8.2 HIRAC
8.3) 8.3 Initial Environmental Review
8.4) 8.4 Risks Controls
8.5) 8.5 Job Safety Analysis

9. Entry Survey (Ufuture)
1. I can understand about the concept of Health, Safety, Security and Environment
2. I can define the scope of HSSE from the perspective of Transport and Logistics industry
3. I can differentiate between the different component of HSSE
4. I am aware the importance of implementing good HSSE practices at workplace
5. I can identify and explain the key issues of HSSE in Transport and Logistics operations
6. I can distinguish between incidents, accidents and near miss from HSSE perspective
7. I can describe the potential risks and hazards in various logistics and transport modes operations
8. I can explain the various types of occupational hazards
9. I can apply the concept of HIRARC - Risk Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control into transport and logistics operations can
integrate the knowledge of HSSE when I need to investigate any workplace incident
10. I should able to comprehend that HSSE at workplace are the most important in any work operations
11. I can utilise the knowledge of HSSE in transport and logistics when I start attach with the industry

10. About Me
Name : Abdul Khabir Rahmat
Education
◦ PhD Logistics Transport , MITRANS UiTM
◦ MSc Business Administration , FBM UiTM
◦ BBA Hons Transport – BM216 – UiTM Shah Alam
◦ Dip Business Admin – BM117 – UiTM Shah Alam
Joined UiTM Feb 2019 – FBM and MITRANS
Lecturer – MSU Faculty of Business Management and Professionals 6 Months
Logistics Officer – 2 Years Nitto Denko Electronics
Researcher MITRANS – 10 years
◦ Commercial Vehicle Rebuilt
◦ Corporate Diploma MAHB
◦ Prasarana Customer Satisfaction Survey
◦ University Bus Study
Area of Interest: Logistics Management,

11. Introduce
Yourself
In 3 minutes. Give a toastmaster style speech about
yourself.
Important points to be included:
Why you selected transport?
What is your future career plan?
How will you achieve your plan?
What do you do other than full time student

12. 1. How do you like online class
compared to face to face? and
why?
2. What kind of online platform you
have used before?
3. and which one you enjoyed the
most?

13. Definition - What does Health,
Safety and Environment
(HSE) mean?
Health, safety and environment (HSE) refers to a branch, or
department, within a company that is responsible for the
observance and protection of occupational health and safety
rules and regulations along with environmental protection.
Health, safety and environment (HSE) is also often
referred to as environmental health and safety (EHS) or
safety, health and environment (SHE).

14. The terminology ‘Health, Safety, Security, Environment’ (HSE) has been utilized
throughout
these standards to highlight the following four key components:
1) Health – Promoting and improving the health of the Company’s workforce,
contractors
and communities, in which we operate
2) Safety – Providing a workplace where people are able to work without being
injured and
operating our installations without harm to neighboring communities
3) Security – Protecting our people, physical and intellectual assets and ensuring
business
continuity
4) Environment – Promoting the efficient use of resources, reducing and preventing

15. OBJECTIVES OF HSSE
1. Promoting awareness of Health, Safety & Environment Policy and Practices amongst
worker and encouraging their participation to improve its effectiveness and benefits.
2. Taking proactive measures for the prevention of work related injuries, health hazards
and pollution.
3. Complying with applicable legal & other requirements related to Health, Safety &
Environment.
4. Continually improving Health, Safety & Environment Management System to
achieve our aim of zero accident, good health and pollution free environment and at
work place.
5. To promote life safety assurance practices, continually improve health, safety and
environmental performance.
6. To provide the resources, competency training, knowledge, and culture to carry out
health, safety and environmental responsibilities.

16. OBJECTIVES OF OSHE IN
ORGANIZATION
To manage OSH and welfare matters of workers at a workplace and work
environment
To protect lives and well being of the workers in an organization through minimizing
risks, hazards, dangers arising from the work activities and preventing accidents at
work
To comply with all related government and national law regulations, codes of
practices, world and international standard, industry standard and others
requirements

17. Why OSHA was created

18. HISTORY
Bhopal Disaster
Minamata Disease
Bright sparkle Firework

19. Bhopal disaster, chemical leak in 1984 in the city of Bhopal, Madhya
Pradesh. India At the time, it was called the worst industrial accident in
history.
On December 3, 1984, about 45 tons of the dangerous gas methyl
isocyanate escaped from an insecticide plant that was owned by the Indian
subsidiary of the American firm Union Carbide Corporation. The gas drifted
over the densely populated neighborhoods around the plant, killing
thousands of people immediately and creating a panic as tens of
thousands of others attempted to flee Bhopal.
The final death toll was estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000.
Some half a million survivors suffered respiratory problems, eye irritation
or blindness, and other maladies resulting from exposure to the toxic gas;
many were awarded compensation of a few hundred dollars.
Investigations later established that substandard operating and safety
procedures at the understaffed plant had led to the tragedy. In 1998 the
former factory site was turned over to the state of Madhya Pradesh.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Bhopal-disaster
Bhopal Disaster

20. Mid-1950s, Minamata, Japan It started with the town cats.
Cats were going crazy and falling into the sea. Cats were committing suicide?.
Soon after, a strange illness appeared to be going around town.
Numbness in their limbs and lips. Difficulty hearing or seeing. Dhaking (shakes) in their arms and legs,
difficulty walking, and even brain damage. And, like the cats, some people seemed to be going crazy,
shouting uncontrollably. Something was affecting their nervous system.
In July 1959, researchers from Kumamoto University discovered the source of the illness –– high levels
of mercury poisoning –– which they then named Minamata disease.
A large petrochemical plant in Minamata, run by Chisso Corporation, was suspected immediately.
Chisso Corporation had dumped an estimated 27 tons of mercury compounds into Minamata Bay.)
poisoned women gave birth to poisoned babies. These children were born with severe deformities
including gnarled limbs, mental retardation, deafness, and blindness.
Chisso finally quit poisoning Minimata's waters in 1968.
2,955 people contracted Minamata disease and
1,784 people have since died. Chisso has financially compensated over 10,000 people and continues to
be involved in suits regarding the matter.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/minamata-disease-2860856
Minamata Disease

21. 7 May 1991 in sg buloh
Considered as Hiroshima Malaysia
Explosions of 200 tons of Sulphur
Reached out 7km -20 km from location tragedy
Killed 22 people and 103 injured

22. Malaysia OSHA History

23. Early
Recognition
Of
Occupation
al Diseases
1. In 1473 a German physician, Ellenborg, published
the first known pamphlets on occupational disease
from gold miners. He recognized the dangers of
metal fumes and described symptoms and
preventive measures.
2. In 1556 the German scholar, Agricola, described the
diseases of miners. Company should provide a
ventilation for miners
3. In 1713 Ramazzini, who is regarded as the father of
occupational medicine, suggested that in diagnosis
doctors should ask patients about their occupations.
A book, “The Diseases of Workmen” described the
symptoms of mercury and lead poisoning and issues
with silica.

24. Emergency Of
Industrial
Accident
1. Industrial accidents arose out of the
Factory System during the Industrial
Revolution in Britain in 18th Century
(1700s)
2. Women and children worked as heavy
labourers under unsafe and unhealthy
workplaces.
3. Industrial accidents arose out of the
Factory System during the Industrial
Revolution in Britain in 18th Century
(1700s).

25. Industrial
Safety
Legislation
In 1833 English Factory Act was the first effective industrial safety
law.
It provide compensation for accidents rather than to control
their causes
Insurance companies inspected work places and suggested
prevention methods
Problem: Safety became injury and insurance oriented.

26. Emergency
Of Safety
Management
Role of Herbert W. Heinrich (1930’s), Developed
Domino Theory and promoted control of workers
behaviour.
Problem:
1. Focused on worker behaviour and not management
2. Caused people to think that safety is about policing
worker
Frank Bird (1970) developed Loss Control Theory.
Suggested that underlying cause of accidents are lack
of management controls and poor management
decisions. Problem: Not so popular: blames
management (responsibility and control).

27. Safety
Management
Systems
In 1980’s, Behavioural Based Safety (BBS) was
introduced;  Based on Heinrich’s findings.  Work by
recognizing safe work habits and offering rewards and
punishment.  Problem:  Focuses on workers and not
on hazard or management  Reward and punishment
system have flaws

28. A
Self-Regulation
Legislation
Lord Robens, Chairman of a Royal Safety Commission Report
noted that:
there was too many OSH legislation,
was fragmented,
Limited in coverage (specific hazards & workplace),
out of date and difficult to update,
inflexible,
people thought that safety was what government inspectors
enforced.
Lord Robens recommended : Self regulation

29. A
Self-Regulation
Legislation
In principle, self-regulation offers greater speed, flexibility,
sensitivity to market circumstances and efficiency than
government regulation
Enacted in Malaysia in 1994 after the 1992 Bright Sparkler
accident in Sungai Buloh

30. A Self-Regulation Legislation
Legislation follow major accidents and reinforce need for management system
ACCIDENT REGULATION/PROGRAMME Flixborough (1974)
CIMAH regulations 1996
Bhopal (1984) “Responsible Care” / Process safety
Piper Alpha (1988) Risk Assessment / Management system

31. HISTORY OF OSHE IN MALAYSIA
Steam Boiler Safety
(before 1914)
Machinery Safety
( 1914-1952)
Industrial Safety
(1953-1967)
Industrial Safety and
Hygiene (1970-1994)
Occupational safety
and health (1994
onwards)

32. HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVES
OF OSH IN
MALAYSIA
1972
◦ ROBENS Committee, UK was formed to investigate the high rate of industrial accidents,
diseases and deaths at work place.
1994
◦ UK Health and Safety Commission revamped their piecemeal regulations and published
the new OSH regulations. Malaysia was part of the committee and therefore adopted the
ROBEN Report’s recommendations:
◦ a single comprehensive Act dealing with OSH which contains clear statements of
responsibilities of employer/employees
◦ self regulations by employers and employees
◦ the Act shall be supported by regulations and codes of practices
1999
◦ Government start enforcing OSH Act 1994 and directs all organizations to comply
2000
◦ Government make it mandatory for all construction workers in construction industry to
undergo compulsory safety training and issuance of Green Card to permit entry and work
at the work site.
◦ Government enforce all organizations to have registered OSH Officer in organizations
through enforcement checks.
32
32

33. Importance
of health
and Safety
Safety laws are needed to protect
the IGNORANT from what they don’t know
the IDIOTIC from themselves
and the INNOCENT from the actions of the other two
There will be some people who commit a dangerous act because
they have never received training in how to work safely, and
there will be some who know how to do so, but choose not to,
perhaps due to bravado or pure laziness. In either event, they
may not be only ones to suffer the consequences – work
colleagues or members of the public might suffer injury, or even
death, even though they have done nothing wrong themselves.

34. The moral element
Strong moral obligation -
ensure that no one’s health
or safety is endangered
Make sure that everyone
involved has the skills and
knowledge to do their job
safely,
Disciplines are in place to
ensure that they do so.
Ensure that the necessary
equipment and facilities are
provided

35. In the 1970s, a well-known motor manufacturer found a safety problem with the fuel tank on one
of its models, which created a fire risk. It was calculated that the cost of installing safer tanks in
every car would be $137 million per year. However, the company calculated that meeting
compensation claims estimated at an average of $67,000 per injury and $200,000 per death due
to the unsafe design would cost only $49.5 million per year. The decision was therefore taken to
accept the deaths and injuries to save money. Criminal charges of homicide were brought in 1978
after three teenage girls were killed, but these were dismissed (Daniels, 2017). Today, guilty
verdicts might well have been delivered, but in any event such morally reprehensible attitudes
have absolutely no place in business.

36. Accidents in US and UK
2015
USA in 2015, there were a total of 4,836 fatal workplace
injuries, and 2.9 million non-fatal injuries
2018–2019
UK in 2018/19 there were 1.4 million working people
suffering from a work-related illness, 147 workers killed at
work and 581,000 working people who sustained an injury at
work (HSE, 2019i)

37. Why OSHE is important?

38. many other benefits to a business from
ensuring a safe working
The legal element Effects on morale Reputational
effects
Financial effects

39. IMPORTANCE OF OSHE IN
ORGANIZATION
To establish a safe and
conducive work place and
environment.
To minimize OSHE hazards at
work place and surroundings.
To minimize accidents,
injuries and property damage
rates at work place; and
environmental hazards and
pollutions.
Avoid many investigations of
workplace accidents and
enviromental accidents.
Minimize losses to
organization: productivity,
delays, interruptions, miss
schedule and delivery,energy
conservation, preservation of
natural resources.
To reduce costs: medical
costs, hospitalization costs,
treatments & consultation
costs, claims, operational
costs, insurance costs.
To minimize penalties, fines,
lawsuits with respect to OSHE
laws and regulations.
To maintain company
reputation and image.
To maintain trust and
confidence from public,
investors, government.
To comply with global OSHE
standards and global trade
requirements

40. IMPLEMENTATION OF OSHE IN ORGANIZATION
TOP MANAGEMENT
•Planning and Commitment
•to formulate OSHE policies, OSHE targets, establish OSHE system, provide resources
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
•Leading and Compliance to OSHE Law
•set up OSHE structure, establish safe work culture, provide directions
•compliance to OSHE regulations
EMPLOYEES INVOLVEMENT
• Organizing OSHE programs
•education, trainings, activities to achieve OSH Objectives
COORDINATE OSHE PROGRAMS
•documentations, investigations
•Coordinate efforts to implement OSHE
•inspections, audits, promotions, investigations
MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
•Control and Monitor all OSHE programs
•prevention programs to minimize accidents, accidents statistics, safety controls
•System, SHC review effectiveness of programs.

41. IMPORTANCE OF HSSE
Aware About the
Surroundings
Being aware about
workplace hazards can
reduce risk of injuries
and death of employees
Financial Benefits
The lower your
business’s injury rate,
the higher your profit
margin
Reduce Workplace
Environment Stress
Stress to any employee
or to any co-worker, can
lead to health problems

42. IMPORTANCE OF HSSE
Increase
Productivity
Increase health and morale of
employees, work becomes
more efficient
Use Tools
Appropriately
Take appropriate precautions
while using machinery or any
other tool, instead of taking
any shortcuts
Increase Public
Perception
Public becomes more
confident enquiring the
services of the company

43. ISSUES OF HSSE IN
TRANSPORT

44. ROAD

45. FLAMMABLE/HAZARD SUBSTANCE

46. ACCIDENT

47. VEHICLE'S CONDITION
•Is the vehicle fit to drive?
•Is the vehicle well
maintained?
A research into the bus’s history revealed
that the vehicle’s structure was rickety with
rust. Little wonder that the roof of the bus
came off so easily, and the rest of the body
collapsed on the passenger cabin like a
concertina gate. If the integrity of the bus’s
structure was not compromised, the impact
might have been less severe. October 25, 2017- Factory bus ramming into another stationary factory bus.
Eight deaths and several seriously injured.
The bus bore the worn-out look of a vehicle that had seen years of service.
(Photo by BERNAMA)

48. SAFETY OF WORKERS

49. RAIL

50. LOST CONTROL OF MATERIAL HANDLING
Worker killed as launching gantry collapses
at MRT construction site

51. Almost 200 people were injured in
the crash near the south-eastern
city of Wenzhou.
After receiving the report, China's
cabinet criticised the railways
ministry for lax safety standards
and poor handling of the crash
A bullet train crash which killed 40
people in China in July was caused
by design flaws and sloppy
management
Wenzhou Train Collision in China
COLLISION

52. DANGEROUS
WORKPLACE

53. SEA

54. Wrong navigation by the person who
took charge of the vessels. The sources
said that initial investigation has
revealed that the pilots of Karachi Port
Trust (KPT), who took charge of the
vessels, are responsible for this incident.
The KPT’s pilots know deep sea routes.
MANPOWER
LACK OF SKILLS

55. COLLISION RISKS

56. OFFSHORE DRILLING SHIP CATCHES FIRE

57. AIR

58. HIJACKING PLANE

59. TECHNICAL ISSUES
•Best-Selling Boeing 737 Under
Scrutiny After Another Deadly
Crash
•Airlines that using Boeing 737 is:
Ethiopian Airlines
Lion Air

60. Cont….

61. Occupations such as baggage
handlers, mechanics, and service
technicians make up a substantial
proportion of employment in this
industry. These types of workers
experience loud noises from aircraft
and are thus susceptible to
occupational hearing loss
NOISE POLLUTION
Case: Aircraft Marshall loss hearing due to noise pollution

62. • The aircraft turnaround process is critical for airlines, because they are only able to make profit when passengers and cargo are
transported. For that reason, all turnaround activities have to be performed in the shortest time possible. This causes time pressure
for the workers, leading to negative effects such as: lack of concentration,
• Inadequate decisions, errors, incomplete tasks, and stress. Ground staff experience stress for several reasons:
• In addition to time pressure, work-related stress factors are: shift work, high work load, gate changes, early or late arrivals, changes
in procedure, and equipment malfunction. Stress affects the performance of the workers and may cause fatigue. According to
Michie, situations that are likely to cause stress are those that are unpredictable or uncontrollable, uncertain, ambiguous or
unfamiliar, or involving conflict, loss, or performance expectations organisational factors.
• Air traffic controllers perform a highly demanding job with a complex series of tasks that require high levels of knowledge and
expertise, and high levels of responsibility. The main risk factors are traffic load peaks, time pressure, shift schedules, night work,
unfavourable working conditions, emergency situations, and the lack of control over work.
Ground Staff
Cont…

63. Japan’s Kansai International Airport is facing a crippling shutdown for at least a
week, with no word on when it will reopen, due to flooding brought by the most
powerful typhoon to hit the country in 25 years.
More than 200 flights for Wednesday were cancelled, affecting more than 30,000
travellers, and thousands had to be evacuated in high-speed boats after a tanker
smashed into a bridge linking the mainland of Osaka prefecture with the airport,
which sits on a man-made island and is a major transport hub serving western
Japan.
One of the two runways and the basement floor of a terminal building were
flooded by high tides unleashed by Typhoon Jebi as it wreaked havoc across
western Japan and left at least six people dead.
The airport’s official website described Terminal 1 as “heavily damaged” and could
only say its two runways and bridge would reopen on “September 6 or later”, amid
speculation that it could take as long as month.
With Osaka being a hugely popular holiday destination for Hong Kong, the Travel
Industry Council said around five tour groups comprising 140 travellers were still
stranded there on Wednesday, and were expected to return home via Tokyo or
Nagoya between Thursday and Sunday.
Another 200 Hongkongers booked in eight tour groups from the city had to scrap
their trips to Osaka because of flight cancellations.
Japan’s Kansai International Airport set to be closed for a week in wake of
deadly Typhoon Jebi
Thousands of passengers had to be evacuated in boats when tanker crashed into major Osaka bridge
SCMP staff
Published: 11:00pm, 5 Sep, 2018
Flooding is seen at the Kansai International
Airport in Izumisano city, Osaka.
Passengers who stayed overnight make a long queue to wait for buses to be
transported to a speed boat port, at Kansai International Airport in Izumisano.
A satellite image of Typhoon Jebi

64. PIPELINE

65. CRIME

66. LEAKAGE

67. WORKPLACE

69. FORKLIFT ACCIDENT
CAUSES:
• CARELESS / RECKLESS OF THE DRIVER
• TIRED
• LACKED OF GUIDELINES
• WEAK RULES AND REGULATION
• FACILITY
• SAFETY NOT IMPORTANT

70. August 20, 2015 | 2:24pm
WOEFUL WORK SAFETY