Environmental Health and Safety Management System in Different Industries in Bangladesh

1. Assignment On
Environmental Health and Safety Management System in
Different Industries in Bangladesh
Course Title: Environmental Health and Occupational Safety
Course Code: ESE 3105
Date of submission: 03/12/2023
Submitted To
MD. Alim Miah
Assistant Professor
Department of
Environmental Science and Engineering
Submitted By
Mozakkir Azad
Roll No: 20103429
Year: 3rd
, Semester: 1st
Department of
Environmental Science and Engineering
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Trishal, Mymensingh-2224, Bangladesh.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 2
2. What is EHS Management....................................................................................................... 3
3. A Brief History of Health and Safety Management............................................................... 3
4. Health and Safety Management System Examples................................................................ 3
5. Occupational Diseases, Hazards and Risks for Workers...................................................... 4
6. Stages of a Health and Safety Management System.............................................................. 6
7. Implementation of Health and Safety Management System................................................. 7
8. Features of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Management System ...................... 7
9. Occupational Safety and Health in Bangladesh................................................................... 10
9.1) The International Labour Organization (ILO)............................................................. 10
9.2) Bangladesh Occupational Safety, Heath and Environment Foundation.................... 11
9.3) Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers & Exporters Association, BKMEA................ 11
9.4) Bangladesh Association of Construction Industry (BACI).......................................... 11
9.5) The Ddepartment of Inspection for Factories and Establishments (DIFE) ............... 12
10. Challenges for Occupational Health and Safety Management in Bangladesh................ 12
11. Importance of Occupational Health and Safety Management in Bangladesh ................ 14
12. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17
13. Reference ............................................................................................................................... 17

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1. Introduction
Safe work is one of the fundamental rights of the workers. Occupational safety and health is an
important component of decent work agenda. It means the condition of workplace where workers
work is free from all kinds of hazards and risks. Safe work environment ensures safety and health
for everyone at work preventing hazards and risks. Risk comes in many forms—repetitive tasks,
long hours of work, exposure to harmful substances like gas and fumes, noise, insufficient lighting,
damage to equipment, and psychological and physical oppression. It is estimated that globally
around 160 million people are affected by avoidable occupational diseases and more than two
million workers die from work related accidents each year. The suffering caused by such accidents
and illnesses to workers and their families is incalculable. In economic terms, the ILO has
estimated that 4 percent of the world’s annual GDP is lost as a consequence of occupational
diseases and accidents. Besides, employers face costly early retirements, loss of skilled staff,
absenteeism, and high insurance premiums due to work-related accidents and diseases. As a fast
growing developing country, Bangladesh is gradually flourishing in its commerce and industry;
and, at the same time, the number of workers is also increasing in industries and factories. But the
country is faced with occupational health and safety hazards in its industries. A large number of
workers lose their valuable lives and are injured because of poor occupational safety and health
conditions. The current regulatory framework of the country on occupational health and safety
refers mainly to the workers of industries but does not cover all occupations of the country. The
main laws related to occupational health and safety in this country is the Bangladesh Labour Act
2006. There are a number of other laws and regulations which also have some provisions related
to occupational health and safety. Due to weak implementation of the regulatory provisions
regarding OSH, the standards of workforce and industries are often not enforced. There are various
government and non-government environmental health and occupational safety training center in
Bangladesh. They provide various environmental health and occupational safety training courses.
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) management is a critical aspect of sustainable business
practices, ensuring the well-being of workers, protecting the environment, and fostering
compliance with regulatory standards. In the context of Bangladesh, a country experiencing rapid
industrialization across various sectors, the implementation of robust EHS management systems
is paramount.

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2. What is EHS Management
Environment, Health, and Safety Management is a comprehensive approach that focuses on
improving the EHS performance of the organization. EHS management refers to the
implementation of procedures that focus on ensuring and improving the safety of workers and their
surroundings, and it plays a significant role in achieving the overall environmental goals of the
organization. EHS management is a crucial aspect of any enterprise's operations, as it not only
minimizes environmental impact and improves worker safety and well-being but also improves
employee retention, productivity and enhances the company's brand image, spurring customer and
corporate growth.
3. A Brief History of Health and Safety Management
report by the HSE states that in 2020/21, an estimated 1.7 million workers in Great Britain were
suffering from an illness that they believed was caused or made worse by work. Interestingly, the
nature of injuries has changed over time. For example, as the incidence of musculoskeletal
disorders has declined since the 1990s, stress, depression and anxiety have skyrocketed. When we
put current illness into a historical context, workers today have an easy time of it. But In 2020/21,
142 workers were still killed at work in Great Britain including 88 employees and 54 self-
employed workers. That’s not good enough. Any preventable employee death is unforgivable. And
that alone is why it’s worth having a health and safety management system in place.
4. Health and Safety Management System Examples
There’s no exhaustive list of things that must be included, but be sure to cover some of the
following:
1) Risk assessments
2) Hazards in the workplace
3) Accidents and incidents
4) Safety training
To guide the creation of a formal health and safety management system, you probably want to take
a look at standards that already exist. For example, ISO 45001:2018 specifies requirements for an
occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system so that companies can provide safe
and healthy workplaces by preventing illness and injury, and by improving OH&S. You might

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also want to consider looking at ISO 9001:2015. This standard relates to the requirements for a
quality management system which is designed to meet regulatory requirements while improving
customer satisfaction. If your company has been in business for any significant length of time
you’ll probably have standards, procedures, processes or codes that you already use. If these relate
to an individual’s safety or health, include them in your system, too. Depending on which sector
your company operates in, there may also be relevant frameworks that must be included in your
S&H management system. For example, if you’re in the transport industry you might want to
consider legislation relating to vehicles at work, driver competence and driver recruitment.
Knowledge workers might need to think about human factors such as training and competence
including general advice on successful health and safety management, HSG65 (1997). H&S
guidelines can also be very industry-specific, like their guidance on the selection and training of
offshore installation managers for crisis management or the nuclear directorate technical
assessment guide.
5. Occupational Diseases, Hazards and Risks for Workers
The occupational diseases like headache, fever, asthma, diarrhea, allergy, gastric, back pain, skin
diseases, malnutrition is common among the workers of different sectors. The causes of these
diseases are mainly exposure to dust, long working hour, poor quality food consumption and
adverse work environment. Though the likelihood occurrence of these diseases is high among the
workers, the severity of consequence is almost low. The workers of tannery, rerolling and ship
breaking sectors mainly suffer from skin diseases such as skin burn, dermatitis, scabies and fungal
infection. Asthma, allergy, and bronchitis caused by high dust and use of hazardous
chemical/pesticide is available among the workers employed in agriculture and ship breaking and
small chemical industry. Bothe the probability of occurrence and severity of consequence is high
in this regard. Female workers of agriculture and construction sectors also frequently suffer from
gynecological complexity due to lack of sanitary facilities, control of urine pass and use of unsafe
water, though the severity of consequence is low of such diseases. Cold problem is high among
the shrimp workers due to work in damp and moist working condition and severity of consequence
is also high in this case. The diseases like mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis is available among
the ship breaking workers. The main reason of these diseases is inhalation and retention of asbestos
fiber.

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Occupational hazards include risk of accident and diseases influenced by chemicals biological,
physical, environmental and adverse ergonomic conditions. Physical hazards like hearing loss
frequently occur among the garments, construction, rerolling ship breaking and jute sector
workers, though the severity of consequence is low in this regard. The main reason of suffering
from this disease is exposure to noise from machinery. Musculoskeletal disorders caused by heavy
lifting and prolong standing is high among the workers of small chemical, rerolling, agriculture
and ship breaking sectors. The workers of agriculture, small chemical, jute, re-rolling and shrimp
sectors highly suffer from chemical hazards e.g. respiratory tract infection, skin diseases, asthma,
and asphyxia. The severity of this hazard is high or medium. The environment hazards include
sunburn, cold allergy, and respiratory tract infection. The probability of occurrence of these
diseases is high among the workers of agriculture, construction, and shrimp workers, while the
severity of consequence is low in these cases. Workers of selected sectors also suffer from various
mechanical hazards that mainly caused by unsafe use of tools/machinery and lack of awareness.
The workers of ship breaking, rerolling and agriculture sometime suffered from such hazard. The
severity of consequence is medium or high in this regard.
Workers of different sectors do their job under the risk of different accidents and occupational
diseases. The risk is associated with mainly three causes such as; a) human nature which refers to
individual behavior in performing work, b) technical nature like working environment, equipment,
tools, machines and materials, and c) causes outside the workplace such as; adverse weather
conditions or others caused by third parties. It is found that the risk of cutting hand or leg caused
by spade, plough is high among the agriculture workers, though the severity of consequence is low
in this regard. The risk of falling down from high places is observed more in case of construction
work and ship breaking work. Though likelihood of occurrence is low and medium respectively in
construction and ship breaking sectors, the severity of consequence is respectively high and low
in the construction and ship-breaking sector. The risk of burn is high in the tannery, rerolling, and
small chemical industry is high, while severity of consequence is high or medium in these sectors.
The risk of diseases like respiratory infection, skin disease, hearing loss is high almost all the
sectors, but the severity of consequence is low in this case.

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6. Stages of a Health and Safety Management System
A good health and safety management system should be set up as best as possible, depending on
the size of your business. If you’re a small company, you might not need an onerous or formal
framework. But larger companies do need a formalized and comprehensive management system.
Regardless of your size, though, you do need to make sure that safety and health management
systems are put in place, monitored, maintained and improved over time. These are the four stages
of any health and safety management system:
• Prepare and plan – Make sure you know who does what, when and how when it comes
to health and safety arrangements, monitoring performance and emergency response
planning.
• Organize or make things happen – Put the plan into action. Make sure people have the
resources they need. Share information about health and safety with the relevant people
and get advice, if required.
• Check things – Is your health and safety plan working? At this stage, you must do
inspections and audits, investigate incidents or accidents (as well as near misses) and keep
an eye out for new hazards.
• Take action – Make sure your records are accurate and the systems are suitable and
sufficient. If they aren’t, then you’ll need to make changes in line with industry standards
and best practice.
Or, in short:
• Plan
• Do
• Act
• Check
Regardless of how you follow these four steps, the key elements of a successful H&S program
include getting buy-in from management and commitment from employees.

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It’s also important to make sure you have done an appropriate workplace analysis, considered how
to prevent or control existing and new hazards, and ensured that employees, supervisors and
managers are appropriately trained.
7. Implementation of Health and Safety Management System
Once we’ve created a system, it’s time to set it up. Start by looking at the risks facing your
employees, how likely they are to happen and how disruptive any incidents might be.
Then it’s time to look at the costs (financial, human and other) and look at how well you can
manage these risks.
To make sure your business is organized and capable of taking care of your employees’ health and
safety you need to have the right controls in place, make people aware of the need to cooperate
and communicate and be confident that they are capable of doing their work safely.
8. Features of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Management System
Manual systems or safety management on legacy systems can add to the challenges faced by safety
leaders. By automating with an environmental health and safety software solution, safety leaders
can ensure the well-being of the employees with greater efficiency. EHS provides an enterprise-
wide view of data and processes that can enable continuous improvement (CI). The solution can
help:
Figure 1: PDCA Cycle.

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• Standardize safety management across locations while also empowering employees to
report near misses, incidents, and observations anonymously and track progress from
anywhere.
• Establish root cause analysis and initiate corrective and preventive action where needed.
• Ensure training management, document management and also create a centralized register
for identifying patterns and trends for continuous improvement. With OSHA enabling
electronic submission of Forms 300 and 300A, a safety management system makes even
reporting incidents simpler and more organized.
EHS System is a part of its enterprise-wide quality management system, thereby integrating all the
processes seamlessly. EHS System enables automation of workflows and establishing a culture of
safety and sustainability while meeting organizational goals. The key features of the EHS System
include:
Figure 2: Key Features of EHS.
• Safety Event Reporting: EHS systems promote a safety culture to control risks and
hazards at the workplace by ensuring workers have easy access to report injuries, accidents
or near misses that could affect safety on the worksite. These reports can be addressed to
manage the risk and get an effective response, and if required, be reported to a regulatory
control agency like OSHA directly.
• CAPA: Full action lifecycle to investigate and address unwanted events, hazards, and to
facilitate change management. The system can be used to assign to the right people,

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monitor the workflow, and provide full visibility as the process moves through verification
of effectiveness.
• Worksite Inspections: Define schedules, checklists, and assess the type and level of safe
activity for all or specific locations. Keep the health and safety inspections seamless,
consistent, timely, and mobile on any device. CQ’s EHS management system allows
managers to assign actions to unwanted findings – all within one record for easy tracking
and trend analysis.
• Safety Observations: Provide workers a means to engage in the Safety Culture and to
report positive or negative observations. Safety managers can use the data for trending or
assign investigations and actions depending on what is required. Excellent for lessons-
learned postings to the workforce.
• Compliance Management: CQ’s compliance management module is managed by Enhesa
– the world’s largest provider of environmental health and safety regulatory requirements.
The solution offers the capability of undertaking a regulatory applicability analysis for a
particular geography/operation.
• Stakeholder Management: With ComplianceQuest H&S management solution,
companies can manage all stakeholders, ensuring their participation and involvement in
identifying key H&S risks as well as the root cause for any incidents.
• Risk management: Using ComplianceQuest EHS System’s indigenously developed risk
management module, businesses will be able to:
o Maintain all hazards and risks in a consolidated document
o Categorize risks based on a thought-through risk rating methodology
o Classify risks based on the function/process/activity
o Follow the hierarchy of controls while determining control measures
o Assign risk owners and frequency of review
o Alter the risk level based on the effectiveness of the control measure

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9. Occupational Safety and Health in Bangladesh
Bangladesh, like many nations, recognizes the importance of safeguarding the environment and
ensuring the health and safety of its workforce. This section provides an insight into the regulatory
framework governing EHS practices in the country, highlighting key legislations and the role of
government agencies responsible for oversight. Understanding these regulations is fundamental
for industries seeking to establish effective EHS management systems.
A comprehensive exploration of major industries in Bangladesh sets the stage for understanding
the unique challenges and opportunities each sector presents concerning EHS. From the bustling
manufacturing hubs to the intricate textile industry, the chemical sector, and the dynamic
construction domain, each industry demands tailored EHS approaches. This section serves as a
foundation for subsequent case studies.
Delving into specific industries, this section unveils the intricacies of EHS management systems
through case studies. The manufacturing sector, with its diverse processes, the textile industry with
environmental concerns, the chemical industry grappling with hazardous materials, and the
construction sector managing site-specific risks - all offer insights into real-world EHS challenges
and the strategies implemented to address them.
9.1) THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO)
The International Labour Organization (ILO) works with the
government, workers and employers organisations to promote
decent and productive employment opportunities for women
and men in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been an active member
state of the ILO since 22 June 1972 and has ratified 35 ILO
Conventions including seven fundamental conventions. The
ILO opened its office in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 25 June 1973, and initially started working on
expanding income-earning opportunities through labour-based infrastructure development and
maintenance. More recent technical cooperation activities have focused on enhancing working
conditions and labour rights with considerable emphasis being placed on the ready-made garment
sector. Major initiatives are also taking place in the areas of skills development and increasing
employability of young and adult women and men. In addition, the ILO strives to enhance social
protection and decent employment conditions for Bangladeshi migrant workers. Effort is made to

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eliminate child labour, promote the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples and establish basic
social protection benefits.
9.2) BANGLADESH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENT FOUNDATION
Bangladesh Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Foundation
(OSHE) is a specialized labor Foundation. OSHE established in
December 2003 by workers institutive as specialized development
organization to work on issues affect employment, income, economy,
environment and livelihood of the working people. The foundation
serves as ‘think-tank’ at the national level on labor, OSH, sustainable
development and other cross-cutting issues.
9.3) BANGLADESH KNITWEAR MANUFACTURERS & EXPORTERS
ASSOCIATION, BKMEA
The Apex Trade Body to represent solely the Knitwear Sector of
Bangladesh stands out in the global panorama with distinct identity
and stature. BKMEA adheres to innovation and creativity so that
the sector based policy-making process becomes realistically and
strategically perfect and gives off the result that expedites its
developmental phase. BKMEA has started its journey in 1996 by
the all out efforts of few knitwear manufacturers. BKMEA was
formed as a trade association to facilitate and promote knitwear business. To cater the demand
generated from the changing apparel global value chain, BKMEA has been matured into the level
and height of a world class organization. Now a day, BKMEA has given highest priority in the
specialization of resources. Today it is an organization of about 2000 knitwear manufacturers and
exporters that represent the largest export earning sector of the country.
9.4) BANGLADESH ASSOCIATION OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
(BACI)
is the premiere association for the construction industry of Bangladesh and is a link amongst all
the organizations and firms which currently deal in the development sector of the country as well

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as the world. BACI is a non-political and non-profit organization. The
aim of BACI is to promote the development and well-being of the
construction sector, namely construction industry of Bangladesh as well
as to safeguard the interest of all, especially its members, engaged in
development works of the country.
9.5) THE DEPARTMENT OF INSPECTION FOR FACTORIES AND
ESTABLISHMENTS (DIFE)
The Department of Inspection for Factories and Establishments
(DIFE) is a department under the Ministry of Labour and
Employment. This department is responsible for ensuring welfare,
safety and health of valuable human resources working in various
sectors contributing national development. By enforcing labour
laws of the country, the department has been leading the nation in
creating a safe and healthy work culture and improving the quality of wage earner. The DIFE is
no longer considered a mere labour law enforcement agency, it provides information and advice
to employers and workers concerning the most effective means of complying with the legal
provisions. The DIFE Collaborates with various government and private organizations, agencies
along with international organizations specially ILO to facilitate policy, planning, measures and
directions adopted to enhance occupational safety and health for all workers by appropriate
working conditions and environment.
10. Challenges for Occupational Health and Safety Management in
Bangladesh
Bangladesh faces several challenges in ensuring effective occupational safety and health (OSH)
for its workforce. These challenges stem from a combination of factors, including rapid
industrialization, resource constraints, and a large informal sector. As of my last knowledge update
in January 2022, the following are some key challenges for OSH in Bangladesh:

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1. Limited Awareness and Training:
There is a need for increased awareness among both employers and workers about the
importance of occupational safety and health. Many workers may not be adequately trained on
safety protocols and procedures, leading to a higher risk of accidents.
2. Informal Sector Challenges:
A significant portion of the workforce in Bangladesh is engaged in the informal sector, which
often lacks proper regulation and oversight. Workers in informal settings may face higher risks
due to the absence of formal safety measures and legal protections.
3. Resource Constraints:
Resource constraints, both financial and technical, pose challenges to the implementation and
enforcement of robust safety standards. Small and medium-sized enterprises, in particular, may
struggle to invest in necessary safety infrastructure and training programs.
4. Inadequate Regulatory Compliance:
Despite existing regulations, ensuring widespread compliance with occupational safety and
health standards remains a challenge. Insufficient enforcement mechanisms and varying levels
of commitment from employers contribute to this issue.
5. High-Risk Industries:
Certain industries, such as construction and the ready-made garment sector, pose specific
challenges due to their high-risk nature. The dynamic and demanding environments in these
industries require stringent safety measures, but achieving consistent compliance can be
challenging.
6. Insufficient Inspection and Monitoring:
The capacity for regular inspection and monitoring of workplaces may be limited. Adequate
staffing and resources for regulatory bodies, such as the Department of Inspection for Factories
and Establishments (DIFE), are essential for effective oversight.

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7. Accidents and Incidents:
Bangladesh has experienced several high-profile workplace accidents, including industrial
disasters like the Rana Plaza collapse in 2013. These incidents highlight the need for
continuous improvement in safety standards and emergency response capabilities.
8. Need for Sector-Specific Guidelines:
Different industries have unique OSH challenges. Tailoring guidelines and standards to
specific sectors, such as textiles, chemicals, and construction, is crucial for addressing the
diverse risks associated with each industry.
9. Global Supply Chain Pressures:
The pressure to meet international demand, particularly in industries like ready-made
garments, can sometimes lead to a focus on production speed at the expense of safety. Striking
a balance between production targets and worker safety remains a challenge.
10. Health Hazards:
Exposure to health hazards, including exposure to harmful substances and poor ventilation,
poses risks to workers' health. Identifying and mitigating these hazards require ongoing efforts
and investments.
11. Emergency Response Preparedness:
Ensuring that workplaces have effective emergency response plans and that workers are trained
to respond to emergencies is crucial. Inadequate preparedness can exacerbate the impact of
accidents and incidents.
11. Importance of Occupational Health and Safety Management in Bangladesh
The importance of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management in Bangladesh cannot be
overstated, given the country's rapid industrialization and the significant size of its workforce. The
effective implementation of OHS measures is critical for various reasons:

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1. Worker Well-being:
Prioritizing occupational health and safety ensures the well-being of workers. It safeguards
them from workplace hazards, reduces the risk of accidents and injuries, and contributes to
their overall physical and mental health.
2. Reduced Workplace Accidents:
Robust OHS management systems are instrumental in identifying and mitigating potential
workplace hazards. This proactive approach helps prevent accidents, injuries, and illnesses,
leading to a safer working environment.
3. Productivity Enhancement:
A safe and healthy workplace contributes to increased productivity. When workers feel
secure in their environment, they can focus on their tasks without constant concerns about
safety issues, leading to improved efficiency and output.
4. Legal Compliance:
Adherence to occupational health and safety regulations is a legal requirement in
Bangladesh. Implementing OHS measures ensures compliance with laws such as the
Factories Act and the Bangladesh Labor Act, mitigating legal risks and potential liabilities
for employers.
5. Positive Impact on Reputation:
Companies that prioritize occupational health and safety build a positive reputation in the
industry and among consumers. Demonstrating a commitment to worker safety can
enhance the image of a business and attract socially responsible investors and clients.
6. Attraction and Retention of Talent:
Job seekers and employees increasingly value workplaces that prioritize their safety and
well-being. Companies with strong OHS practices are more likely to attract and retain
skilled and motivated employees, contributing to workforce stability and continuity.

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7. Cost Reduction:
While there are initial costs associated with implementing OHS measures, they often lead
to long-term cost reductions. Fewer accidents mean fewer medical expenses, compensation
claims, and downtime, resulting in overall financial savings for the organization.
8. National Economic Growth:
A healthy and safe workforce contributes to the overall economic development of
Bangladesh. By minimizing the impact of workplace accidents and occupational diseases,
the nation can sustain a more productive and resilient labor force.
9. Global Competitiveness:
As Bangladesh continues to participate in global trade and supply chains, adherence to
international occupational health and safety standards becomes crucial. Compliance with
global standards enhances the country's competitiveness in the international market.
10. Community Well-being:
OHS management doesn't only impact the workplace; it extends to the surrounding
communities. Minimizing environmental hazards and ensuring worker safety also benefits
the local community by preventing pollution and potential health risks.
11. Sustainable Development:
Integrating occupational health and safety into business practices aligns with the principles
of sustainable development. By promoting the well-being of workers and minimizing the
environmental impact of industrial activities, organizations contribute to the long-term
sustainability of both the business and the country.

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12. Conclusion
Occupational safety and health should not be sidelined as a service delivery issue. Health worker
health and well-being is an important aspect of workers’ motivation and job satisfaction, which
influence productivity as well as retention. Health worker safety also affects the quality of care;
caring for the caregiver should be a priority area of concern for the health system’s performance.
What is good for employee health is good for patient health. Multistakeholder initiatives that
include global principles, national policy advocacy, and the involvement of professional councils,
schools, and health facilities can facilitate OSH risk reduction measures and fill the gaps. The PPE
Campaign represents an important approach to bringing occupational safety and health policies to
practice, ensuring the well-being of the health sector’s most important resource and in turn that of
the patients and populations they serve, thus helping to transform the health system at large. The
primary benefit of EHS, and workplace EHS programs, is the obvious one: preventing incidents
such as injuries, illnesses, and harmful environmental releases. Learning management systems are
increasingly common for safety training purposes because they increase efficiency, reduce costs,
save time, and improve learning results.
13. Reference
1. Hasan, M., & Rahman, M. "Occupational Health and Safety Practices in the Manufacturing
Sector of Bangladesh." Journal of Occupational Safety and Health.
2. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. "Occupational Safety and Health Statistics: Annual
Report."
3. Ministry of Labor and Employment, Bangladesh. "National Policy on Occupational Safety
and Health."
4. Ahmed, S., & Khan, A. B. "Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing Occupational
Safety and Health Measures in Bangladeshi Industries." International Journal of
Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.
5. World Bank. "Enhancing Workplace Safety: A Report on Occupational Health and Safety
in Bangladesh."