introduction to fruits Suez Canal University by Abdelrahman Abosaif,Dr.Eman Sanad

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Fruits
Dr Eman Sanad
Department of Pharmacognosy
Suez Canal University

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Syllabus
Seeds.
Subterranean organs.
Fruits.
Herbs.

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Introduction to Fruits

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Introduction to Fruits
Definition:
 A fruit is the whole product of the development of
the gynoecium as a result of fertilization.
Reminder:
Main parts of the flower:
Calyx: composed of sepals.
Corolla: composed of petals.
Androecium: composed of stamens.
Gynoecium: composed of ovary, style, and
stigma.

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Introduction to Fruits
The ovary forms the
pericarp, which consists of
three layers:
Epicarp.
Mesocarp.
Endocarp.

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Introduction to Fruits
The ovule forms the
seed, which consists of:
Seed coat or testa.
Endosperm.
Embryo.

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Introduction to Fruits
For each fruit, we will talk
about the morphology and
histology of:
 Epicarp
 Mesocarp
 Endocarp
 Seed coat or testa.
 Endosperm.
 Embryo.

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Introduction to Fruits
In addition to the ovary, other parts of the
flower may participate in fruit formation.
True fruit: formed from the gynoecium only.
False fruit: other parts of the flower take part
in its formation, e.g. apple, where the
receptacle forms part of the fruit.
Composite fruit: formed from the whole
inflorescence.

9. Fruits
True False Composite
Strobile
Sorosis
Syconus
Dry
Dehiscent Indehiscent Schizocarpic
Succulent
Berry
(Capsicum
Legume
(Senna)
Capsule
(Poppy)
Grain
Cremocarp
(Umbelliferae
fruits

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Introduction to Fruits
Notes:
Dehiscent fruits: remain attached
to the plant, split open when ripe to
release the seeds.
Legumes split along two opposite
sides.
Example of legume: Senna Pods.
Capsules split by several slits or
pores.
Example of capsule: Poppy capsule

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Introduction to Fruits
Notes:
Indehiscent fruits: become detached as a
whole from the plant and do not split
open.
Grain: pericarp is fused to a single seed,
Example: Wheat grain.

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Introduction to Fruits
Succulent fruits: Most of the pericarp is
formed of fleshy tissue.
Berry: endocarp encloses many seeds, e.g.
Capsicum, Grapes.

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Introduction to Fruits
Composite fruits: formed from the whole
inflorescence.
Syconus, e.g. figs
Sorosis, e.g. pineapples.

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For Your Information*
Pineapples and weight loss:
Fresh pineapples are low in calories and high
in fiber and water content.
They are also rich in vitamin C, which assists
in the oxidation of fats.
They are considered a diet-friendly food for
maintaining a healthy weight.

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For Your Information*
Pineapples and weight loss:
 However, there is no scientific
evidence that taking bromelain
supplements (an enzyme from
pineapples) aids in weight loss.
 Bromelain may help reduce pain
associated with arthritis, reduce
inflammation and ease indigestion.