Metamorphic Rocks

1. Engineering Geology Project
Sami Awwad
0228450
Loay Jaradeh
2210266
Instructor: Akram Suleiman
Youtube link:
https://youtu.be/t4KBHaChFB0

2. Metamorphic Rocks

3. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
● Foliated Rocks: Slate, Schist, Gneiss
○ Foliation is the alignment of minerals in a
rock due to pressure
○ Foliated rocks have a layered appearance
● Non-Foliated Rocks: Marble, Quartzite
○ Non-foliated rocks do not have a layered
appearance
○ Formed from the recrystallization of
minerals
Foliated and Non-Foliated Rocks

4. Metamorphic Processes
● Heat: Causes minerals to recrystallize and
change shape
○ Occurs at high temperatures deep within
the Earth's crust
● Pressure: Causes minerals to align and
form foliation
○ Occurs due to tectonic forces and burial
● Chemical Reactions: Alter the mineral
composition of rocks
○ Occurs due to the presence of fluids and
gases
Heat, Pressure, and Chemical Reactions

5. Regional Metamorphism
● Occurs: Over large areas due to tectonic
forces
● Types of Rocks: Slate, Schist, Gneiss
○ Formed from the recrystallization of
sedimentary or igneous rocks
○ Characterized by foliation and banding
How it Occurs and Types of Rocks

6. Contact Metamorphism
● Occurs: Near igneous intrusions
● Types of Rocks: Marble, Quartzite
○ Formed from the recrystallization of
sedimentary or igneous rocks
○ Non-foliated and characterized by
recrystallization
How it Occurs and Types of Rocks

7. Hydrothermal Metamorphism
● Occurs: Near hydrothermal vents or hot
springs
● Types of Rocks: Skarn, Ore Deposits
○ Formed from the alteration of pre-existing
rocks by hot fluids
○ Characterized by the presence of new
minerals
How it Occurs and Types of Rocks

8. Metamorphic Grade
● Determined: By the degree of
metamorphism
○ Low grade: Slight changes in mineralogy
and texture
○ High grade: Significant changes in
mineralogy and texture
● Significance: Indicates the intensity of
metamorphism and the conditions under
which it occurred
How it is Determined and Significance

9. Metamorphic Environments
● Subduction Zones: High pressure and low
temperature
○ Examples: Blueschist, Eclogite
● Mountain Building: High pressure and
high temperature
○ Examples: Gneiss, Migmatite
● Fault Zones: High pressure and high
temperature
○ Examples: Mylonite, Cataclasite
Different Environments and Examples

10. Mineralogy of Metamorphic Rocks
● Common Minerals: Quartz, Feldspar,
Mica
○ Quartz: Resistant to weathering and
erosion
○ Feldspar: Common in igneous rocks
○ Mica: Characteristic of foliated rocks
● Significance: Indicates the original rock
type and the conditions under which it
was transformed
Common Minerals and Their Significance

11. Uses of Metamorphic Rocks
● Building Materials: Slate, Marble,
Quartzite
○ Durable and resistant to weathering and
erosion
○ Used in construction and landscaping
● Decorative Stones: Granite, Marble,
Schist
○ Used in sculpture and architecture
○ Valued for their unique colors and
patterns
Building Materials and Decorative Stones

12. Famous Metamorphic Rock Formations
● Appalachian Mountains: Formed from
regional metamorphism
○ Contains a variety of metamorphic rocks,
including gneiss and schist
● Scottish Highlands: Formed from regional
metamorphism
○ Contains a variety of metamorphic rocks,
including gneiss and quartzite
Examples of Famous Metamorphic Rock Formations

13. Conclusion

14. Resourses:
www.geosociety.org
www.usgs.gov