02-NetworkEvolution2

1. 2011 Network Evolution II 1
Network
Evolution
II
John Wright
jcwright@bell.net

2. 2011 Network Evolution II 2
Canadian
Scene
Bell
MTS
SGT
AGT
BCT
MT&T
NT
NBT
QT
IT
Telus
SaskTel

3. 2011 Network Evolution II 3
Add
Cellular
Bell
MTS
SGT
BCT
MT&T
NT
NBT
QT
IT
AGT R O G E R S

4. 2011 Network Evolution II 4
1976 Computers
– IBM and UNIVAC Main Frames
– DEC and others – Mini-computers
– Gates, Jobs and Wozniak – Micros
TV
– Colour becoming the norm
Electronics
– Solid state replaced vacuum tubes

5. 2011 Network Evolution II 5
Network
Improvements
Transmission
– FOTS
Switching
– Electronic, digital
Signalling
– Common Channel (Data Network)
Dynamic Routing

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Transmission Fibre
– Most heavy route LD
Redundancy designed in
– To the home
Heavy route microwave – gone
Short and/or light route
– Microwave or cable being replaced
by FOTS

7. 2011 Network Evolution II 7
Switching Electromechanical
– Gone
Electronic - Analogue
– Look hard, you may find some
Electronic – Digital
– Almost universal
Electronic – Optical
– Coming

8. 2011 Network Evolution II 8
Signalling
Common Channel Signalling
– A data network
– Computer access
Next lecture

9. 2011 Network Evolution II 9
Switching
Hierarchy
Class 2
Class 4
Class 1
Class 5
Class 3
Regional Centre
Sectional Centre
Primary Centre
Toll Centre
End Office
Loops
Trunks
613 416 & 519
514
819
Montreal

10. 2011 Network Evolution II 10
HPR
-
Dynamic
Routing HPR
COMPUTER
VANC (or CAL,
EDM, etc)
St. JOHNS (or
HFX, etc.)
TORONTO MONTREAL
OT
Trunks
Control
Monitoring

11. 2011 Network Evolution II 11
Is
the
Network
Relevant? Yes
– All voice traffic is carried on the network
Including LD cellphone calls
– All Internet traffic is carried on the network
– All other data is carried on the network
But
– It is becoming a passive carrier
– Services are provided at the ends

12. 2011 Network Evolution II 12
A
Miscellany Local v LD – Follow the money
Monopolies broken
Numbering plans
New forms of competition
Interconnection issues
Business issues
The Internet

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The
Balance
Shifts Long distance
– Cost and price plummet
– No longer the financial mainstay
– Competition
Local service
– New services with good revenues
– Competition from cellphones
– Competition for wirelines

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Monopolies
Broken Telephone sets
MCI Execunet
AT&T break-up
LD competition in Canada
Local competition

15. 2011 Network Evolution II 15
Numbering
Plan Country Code 1, 2 or 3 digits
(Canada & US is 1, UK is 44, Taiwan is 886)
Area Code 3 digits, middle is 0 or 1
(Eastern Ontario is 613)
C. O. Code 3 digits, first one is not 0 or 1
(Carleton is 520)
Subscriber 4 digits
(Halim Yanikomeroglu is 5734)
1 - 613 - 520 - 5734 is unique

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Outgrowing
Codes Area codes were 3 digits with 1 or 0 in the
middle
– (2 to 9) x 0/1 x (1 to 9) = 144 codes
• Current solution - 10 digit local dialling
• Interim solution - interchangeable codes
• C.O. codes did not have 1 or 0 in the middle
– (2 to 9) x (2 to 9) x (0 to 9) = 640 codes

17. 2011 Network Evolution II 17
New
Forms
of
Competition
TV
– Off-air Cable Satellite
HS Internet
– Cable Phone lines
Local phone service
– Cable Phone lines
VOIP

18. 2011 Network Evolution II 18
Interconnection
Issues Bell local
Bell local
Other local
Bell LD
Other LD
Bell LD
Other LD
Bell local
Other local
Bell LD Bell local
• How do you connect?
• How do you share the revenue?

19. 2011 Network Evolution II 19
Business
–
LD
Competition
FCC/DoJ expected competition with
innovative services
They got innovative rate plans
• Same in Canada
– Discounts
– Flat rate LD
– Free seconds
• Over supply

20. 2011 Network Evolution II 20
Business
-
Resellers
Buy in bulk, resell in small units
Private lines and WATS (Wide Area
Telephone Service)
Some own no facilities at all
Some own switches
Illegal / Quasi-legal / Legitimate

21. 2011 Network Evolution II 21
Business
-
Local Tradition of subsidies
Now attractive for competition
– Pay phones
– Radio systems
Pagers
Cellular
Blackberry
– Use of Telco facilities

22. 2011 Network Evolution II 22
Internet
–
Universal
Competitor
Competes with …
… mail
… broadcast
– Radio
– TV
… telephony
• ... data transmission
• ... fax
• ... shopping malls
• ... airlines
• ... ?????

23. 2011 Network Evolution II 23
1969 ARPAnet
1980s NSFnet (US), CA*net (Canada)
1991 HTML (CERN) WWW
1993 Mosaic Netscape
Internet
-
Origins
Academia Business Public

24. 2011 Network Evolution II 24
100 years of control, growth and industrial
stability
Followed by 20 years of change
Followed by tumult
Leading to: - Anarchy? - Chaos? - Survival of the fittest
The technology is digital
Summary
The key words are
Change & Competition

25. 2011 Network Evolution II 25
Turning
the
Industry
on
its
Head
9% (2007) of wireless subscribers use the
mobile as their primary phone
Rise to about 30% by 2009 (In-Stat
Research)
VOI telephony – 2004 1.2 m – 2010 20 m
(Jupiter Research)
Nokia expected to sell 100 m camera
phones in 2005
In a few short years telephone calls will be
free (E-Bay CEO)

26. 2011 Network Evolution II 26
Something
to
Ponder “Industries organized around telephones and televisions
will not survive the (20th) century. Still, telecoms
executives want to believe that televisions and
telephones can evolve bit by bit into the new digital
world. This dream cannot come true. Even to talk of
‘telephones’ and ‘televisions’ reflects a lexicographic lag
that prevents many business leaders from detecting the
onset of rigor mortis in their still-profitable products. In
coming years, the very words will ring as quaintly as
‘horseless carriage’, ‘icebox’, or ‘picture radio’, today.”
George Gilder, Discovery Institute (Seattle)
writing in the Economist, 1993