2. DISEASES OF MULBERRY
IN PAKISTAN
Submitted To:
Dr. H. M. Aatif
Submitted By:
M. Zeeshan (05)
Department of Plant Pathology
BZU, Bahadur Campus Layyah
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3. Introduction
• The original Pakistan Mulberry cuttings that were
brought into the US were from Islamabad
• The Pakistan Mulberry tree has been known to live for
hundreds of years in Pakistan and Asia Minor
• Silkworms only eat fresh mulberry leaves
• Pakistan Mulberry is also known as the Himalayan
Mulberry and Shatoot
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5. Cercospora leaf spot
C.O: Cercospora moricloa
Period of occurrence
• The loss due to the disease ranges from 10-
20% depending on the age of the garden
• Symptoms and nature of damage
• Initial symptoms of the disease are small light
brown specks on leaves
• These specks later enlarge into nearly circular,
dark brown lesions with chlorotic margin
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6. • Brownish necrotic, irregular spots appear on the leaf surface
• Spots enlarge, extend and join together leaving characteristic
‘shot hole’
• Leaves become yellow and wither off as disease becomes
severe
• Factors responsible for spreading of the of the disease
1. The disease is air borne dispersing by uredospore through
water droplets and wind current
2. Temperature of 22-26°C and high relative humidity above 70
% are favorable for the disease development
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7. Management
• All the diseased leaves should be collected and burnt prior to
rainfall that avoids further spread in the garden through rain
water.
• Spray 0.2% Carbendazim twice at 15 days interval.
• Waiting period of this chemical is 15 days.
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8. Powdery mildew
• C.O: Phyllactinia corylea
Period of occurrence
Maximum severity is noticed during Oct- Dec
The loss incited by the disease ranges from 10 – 15%
Symptoms and nature of damage
• White powdery patches appear on the under surface of leaves
• Under favorable conditions, the symptom may progress to form an
almost total white superficial covering on the under surface of leaves
• Infected leaves turn yellow, lose the moisture and crumble if crushed
finally leads to defoliation
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9. • Factors responsible for
spreading of the disease:
The disease is air borne spreading by
conidia primarily through wind
current
Temperature of 24 - 28ºC and high
relative humidity (75-80 %) are
responsible for infection and disease
development
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10. Management
• Adopting wider spacing facilitates adequate aeration and
penetration of sunlight helps to reduce disease severity
• Spray 0.2% Carbendazim twice at 15 days interval
• Waiting period of this chemical is 15 days
• Spraying of 0.2 % Karathane/Bavistin on the lower surface of
the leaves
• Spray Sulfex (80WP) 0.2%, safe period 15 days.
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11. Leaf Rust
C.O: Cerotelium fici
Period of occurrence
This is most common during
winter months of Nov.- Jan
The loss due to disease is about 5%
• Symptoms and nature of damage
Numerous, small, light brown specks appear on the
surface of leaves
Which later turn into dark brown rusty spots
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12. Management
• All the diseased leaves should be collected and burnt prior to
rainfall that avoids further spread in the garden through rain
water
• Spray 0.2% Carbendazim twice at 15 days interval
• Waiting period of this chemical is 15 days
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13. Canker Disease
• C.O: Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Symptoms
• Canker disease in a Pakistan mulberry tree is
evidenced by sunken, dead tissue on stems and
branches
• Often the bark exudes a sticky substance and
infected leaves wilt and turn brown or yellow
Predisposing factor
• Canker is especially common after prolonged periods
of drought or following sudden temperature changes
• Excessive irrigation can also damage roots and make
the tree more susceptible to canker
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14. Management
• Avoid overwatering and excessive fertilization
• Prune the tree only when necessary, and don't prune during
damp, humid weather
• If grass is planted around the tree, mow carefully to prevent
wounding the bark
• Rouging of infected cuttings and saplings
• Destruction of crop residues
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15. Bacterial blight
C.O: Pseudomonas syringae
Predisposing factors
• Persistence of high relative humidity
during the rainy season
• Atmospheric temperature between 23 to
32°C with little sunshine favors rapid
spread and development of the disease
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16. Management
• Branches exhibiting dieback and severe blighting should be
pruned out of the canopy
• Avoid overhead irrigation
• If cankers appear on the trunk of the tree then it is likely it will
die and it should be removed
• Proper watering and adequate air circulation are the best
prevention
• Avoid excessive fertilization
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17. Armillaria root rot
• C.O: Armillaria mellea
• Predisposing factors
• Often, mushrooms form at the base of an
infected tree
• Proper irrigation and well-drained soil are
critical, as wet, soggy soil is a primary
cause of fungal disease
• Symptoms
• Armillaria root rot is a fungal disease that
damages the tissue of the Pakistan
mulberry tree, often killing the roots and
lower part of the tree
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18. • Small, discolored leaves which drop from tree prematurely
• Death of branches, death of entire tree
• May be small mushrooms growing in clusters at base of tree
Management
• Plant disease-free planting material
• Trees should not be planted in recently cleared areas known to
have been infested with Armillaria previously
• Diseased trees, should be dug up and removed from orchards
• Avoid stressing trees by providing adequate irrigation,
fertilization and insect control
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19. Popcorn Disease
C.O: Ciboria carunculoides
Symptoms
• The disease manifests on the developing
carpels and looks like popcorn kernels
• The disease is a fungus that attacks
Pakistan mulberry when the tree is
producing flowers and fruit
• It often delays or prevents fruit from
ripening, but it does not affect the tree's
overall health
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20. • It occurs in late spring and early summer
• The white mulberries are more susceptible to this disease
Management
• The best management of the disease involves cleanup and
disposal of infected fruit, which may prevent the disease from
reappearing the next season
• Spraying the tree with Bordeaux mixture
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