13. apceHaJIOM, B KOTOpOM ,li;06biB8JIOCb opy:mHe ,li;JIH IIITyp-
Ma cTapo:H c'I>paHIJ,HH. KaK Bhi noHHMaeTe o T O cpaB-
neHwe?
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12
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MaHe COOTBeTCTBYJOI.II;Me <})parMeHTbi TeKCTa H c,n;eJiaHTe
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13
15. 3aA8HHe 9. llepe.n; B8MH IIpOH3Be,D,eHHSI, C03,ZJ;aH-
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HeCKOJibKO ,ll;OKa3aTeJibCTB CBOeR TO'tJ.KH 3pe HHSI, R a 'tJ.aB
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14
18. JKaa BaTHCT CHMeoa illapp;eH. HaTJopMop T. 1734 r.
3 a.ZJ;aHHe 11. B KOMe.n;n n BoMapme <<CeBHJih-
CKHH ~HpiOJihHHK >> ecTh TaKoii .n;naJior.
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IIHChMeHHO .D;8HTe CBOH BapHaHT OTBeTa.
17
19. 3a~aHHe 12. BHHMaTenbHO n p oqHTaiiTe TeKCT
H OT BeTbTe Ha BOTipOChl.
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n acryx YHblllO 6pOAII1T A O paccseTa.
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18
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JIHHCKHH jKypHaJIHCT, HHTepecyiOID;HHCSI opraHH3aiJ,HeH
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CT 8TbH TIO ,li;8HHOMY BOnpocy. BOT H cerO,ZJ;HSI BaM npH-
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19
21. ,lJ;aJiee illJIO ITHCb M O C OITHC8HHeM Q.:Ja6pHKH.
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K8, COCT8BhTe T86JIMU,Y <<B amHeHIIIHe H306peTeHHH B ne-
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20
22. ,II;aTa H3o6peTaTeJIL H 3 o6peTeHHe
3HalleHHe
H306peTeHHJI
--
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21
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ArpapHaSI peBOJilOII;HSI -
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22
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6 eHA)KaM111H ct>pa HKflii1H 1113BeCTeH KaK - - - - -- - -
C CeMH(lAU,aTI!1 neT OH Ha '-lall CaMOCTOSHellbHYIO >Kii13Hb «___
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23
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cornacHhi JIH Bbi c ,ZJ;aHHhiMH yTaepm,ZJ;eHHHMH.
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1) 38rrpeT 8HrJIHHCKOrO KOpOJIH H II8pJiaMe HT8 BeCTH
MopcKyiO ToproBJIIO Ha cy,n;ax, rrpHHa,ZJ;nema~Hx KOJio-
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2) CTpeMJieHHe aHrJIHHCKOrO KOpOJIH YCHJIHTh B KOJIOHH-
HX BJIHHHHe K8TOJIH~eCKOH ~epKBH;
3) 38IIpeT aHrJIHHCKOrO rrapJiaMeHTa OCHOBbiB8Tb B KO-
JIOHHHX MaHyqJaKTyphl, IIpOH3BO,li;H~He H3,ZJ;eJIHH H3 me-
Jie3a;
4) rrpeiTHTCTBHe 8HrJIHHCKOrO rrapJiaMeHT8 3MHrpa~HH
a CeaepHyiO AMepHKy;
5) KOpOJieBCKHH YK83 0 3anpe~eHHH KOJIOHHCT8M nepe-
CeJIHTbCH Ha 3ana,ZJ;, 3a AnneraHCKHe rophi;
6) 3anpeT 8HrJIHHCKOrO rrapJiaMeHTa Ha H3,ll;8HHe mHTe-
JIHMH KOJIOHHH CBOHX ra3eT H mypHaJIOB;
7) 38DpeT 8HrJIHHCKOrO rrapJiaMeHTa Ha IIpOH:3BO,ll;CTBO B
KOJIOHHHX TK8HeH;
8) aae,ZJ;eHHe MeTporronHe:H r ep6oaoro c6opa;
9) OTCYTCTBHe y )KHTeJieH KOJIOHHH CBOero rrpe,ZJ;CT8BH-
TeJih CTB8 B aHrJIHHCKOM rrapJiaMeHTe;
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CTBy.
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24
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)J;eKnapau;H.H He3aBHCHMOCTH C iliA. 4. H a3BaHHe o~Horo
H3 HH~eHCKHX nneMeH B CeaepHoH AMepHKe. 5. AHr -
JIHHCKHH H306peTaTeJih SITOXH npOMbiiiiJieH TIOrO nepeao-
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26
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KOJIOHM.RX CTaJIM pacnpOCTpaHSITbCR JIHCTOBKH, IIpl13hi BaiO-
IIJ,l1e K pa3phiBY c MeTpononae:fi. llepe,n; BaMH o,n;Ha 113 T a-
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Kor,n;a B BocToHe npoJIHJiach nepBaJI KpOBh: aHrJIHHCK:ae
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JieHHe K He3aBHCHMOCTH.
28
30. 3a.n;aHHe 28. 3HaKOM <•+>> HJIH <<->> OTMeTbTe,
corJiaCHbl JIH Bbi co cJie.n;yrom;HMH yTsep:mp;eHHRMH.
B pe3yJibTaTe rro6ep;bi KOJIOHHH B Bo:M:He 3a He3aBH-
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6) 6hiJIH yHH"'lTO:meHbi IIO"<ITH see rroMexH p;JIR pa3BHTHR
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32. TecTOBble aaAaHHst K § 20- 24
1. BLI6epHTe rrpasHJILHLIH OTBeT.
1.1. «lJeBIJ,OM TpeThero COCJIOBH.H>> Ha3hiBaJIH:
a) BoJibTepa; 6) BeTxoBeHa; B) MoHTeCRhe; r) IIIap.n;eHa;
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npaBJieHH.H:
a) BJI8CTb Hapo.n;a; 6) orpaHH't!eHHYIO MOHapXHIO; B) .n;e-
MORp8TH1leCRyiO pecny6JIHRY MeJIRHX C06CTBeHHHROB.
1.4. lJJiaHT8IJ,HOHHOe pa6CTBO - 3TO:
a) B03pom.n;eHHe pa60BJI8.n;eJih't!eCKHX MeTO.D;OB 3RCITJiya-
TaiJ,HH B ycJIOBHRX pa3BHB8IOIIJ,erocR RanHT8JIH3Ma;
6) CHCTeMa ITO.D;HeBOJILHOrO Tpy,ll,a, ITpH ROTOpOH H8 ITJiaH-
TaiJ,H.HX TPY.D;HJIHCb 6eJibie HMMHrpaHTbi-6e.D;H.HRH, npo-
.D;a.Billlie ce6.H B pa6cTBO Ha onpe.n;eJieHHbiH cpoR.
2. CorJiaCBLI JIH BLI co cJieAYJOIII,HMH yTBep m.n;eHHHMH?
2.1. <•HaTIOpMopT c aTpH6yTaMH HCRyccTB>> IIIap.n;eHa
6biJI H8ITHC8H ,li,JI.H ROH<l>epeHII,-38JI8 lleTep6yprCROH aRa-
,ll,eMHH XY,li,OmeCTB (.n;a; HeT).
2.2. Bax npe.n;cRa3blBaJI BeTXOBeHy BeJIHRoe 6y,11,yw;ee:
«IlpH.n;eT BpeMR, H o HeM 3aroBopHT Becb MHP>> (.n;a;
BeT).
2.3. liiHJIJiep ITRC8JI Te8Tp8JibHbi e ITbeCbl, CllHT8.H, 't!TO
TaKHM o6pa30M ITOMOraeT YTBepm.n;eHHIO H.D;eH IlpOCBe-
IIJ,eHH.H B <Peo.n;aJibHOH repMaHH¥1 (.n;a; HeT).
2.4. ry.n;OH C03.D;aJI cepHIO RapTRH <<Bbi60pbl>> (.n;a; HeT).
2.5. ArpapHa.H peBOJIIOIJ,HR B AHrJIHH - 3TO nepe.n;a't!a
3eMJIH RpeCTb.HH8M (.n;a; HeT).
2.6. ,!J,Hrrepbl - 3TO pa3pylllHTeJIH M8IDRH (,11,a; HeT).
31
33. 2.7. B 1707 r. rrapn aMeHT y3aKOHHJI yHHIO Mem)J;y AHr-
JJHeH H illOTJI8H,li;HeH, H rocy,n;apCTBO CT8Jl0 H83biB8TbCSI
B eJIHKo6pHTaHHeH (.n;a; HeT).
2.8 . B eH,n;>KaMHH <I>paHKJIHH rrpe,n;cTaBJISIJI HHTepecbi KO-
JIOHHH B 8HI'JUIHCKOM napJiaMeHTe (,n;a; HeT).
2.9. Ilp83,li;HHK <•.IJ:eHb OTIJ;OB-IIHJIHI'pHMOB» YCT8HOBJieH
B CillA B qecTb npH6hiTHSI rpyrrrrhl rryp:aTaH B 1620 r .
(.n;a; BeT).
3.1. YcTaHOBHTe c ooTBeTCTBHe MemJJ;y <t>aMIIJIH e n JJ;en -
TeJin K YJILTYPLI H ua3BaHHeM ero npoH3 B e,ll;eHu n. B Ta6-
JIJu.~y BllHWHTe 6YKBLI BLI6paHHbiX B8Mlf OTBeTOB.
1. m. JI. AaBH,ll; A. <•jKH3Hb 11 y,n;HBHTeJibilbl e n pH-
2. .IJ:. .IJ:ecpo
3. B. A . M ou;apT
4. <I>. Byrne
5. H. B . r eTe
1 2
KJIIoqeHHJI P o6:aH30Ha Kpy3o •>
B. <•P eKBHeM •>
B. <•<I>aycT»
r. (<K JISITB8 r op8.II,HeB >)
.IJ:. <<Ile:H3a.m B oKpecTHOCTSIX Bose»
3 4 5
3.2. Y CT8HOBUTe COOTBeTCTBHe Meat,ll;y )1;8TOH ll C0 6hi T JI-
e M. B T a 6JIHn;y nnHmHT e 6YKBLI Bhi6paBHLIX naMH OTBe-
TOB.
1. 1620 r. A. B o:H:Ha 38 He38BHCHMOCTh
8HI'JIHHCKHX KOJIOHHH B Ce-
sep HOH AMep:aKe
2. 1775- 1783 rr. B . <•B ocTOHCKoe qaernrT:ae•>
3. 1776 r. B. IlpH6hiTHe llHJIHI'pHMOB K
Mhlcy K o.n;
4. 1777 r . r . IIp:aHJITHe AeKn apa:u;:aH He-
3aBHCHMOCTH CiliA
5. 1773 r. .IJ:. B HTBa rrpH CapaTore
1 2 3 4 5
32
34. 4. 0 K OM ~eT p e qb?
4.1. EcTh B .AHrJIHH 'IyryHHhi ii MOCT 'Iepe3 peKy CeBepH,
rrocTpoeHHhi H em;e B XVIII B. OH sech )l;epmHTCSI Ha ap-
Ke B 100 <i>YTOB )l;JIHHOH, 52 <PYTa BhiCOTOH H illHJ>HHOH
B 18 <i>YTOB (cpyT - 0 ,3048 M). 8TO rrepBaSI B MHpe
KOHCTPYKIJ,HH IIO,ll;06HOI'O po)l;a. CaM MOCT, IIOCT poeHHhiH
B 1779 I'., CTaJI CHMBOJIOM npOMhiillJieHHOI'O rrepeBOpOTa,
TexHH'IecKoro nporpecca. B TY nopy sTo 6hiJI HeCJih!XaH-
HO CMeJihiH n poeKT, ITOTpe60BaBillHH OT ero aBTOpOB
60JihillOH H306peTaTeJihHOCTH. 0)l;HHM H3 HHHIJ,HaTOpOB
3TOI'O CTpOHTeJihCTBa 6hiJI COBepmeHHO Y,ll;HBHTeJihHhiH
qeJIOBeK, BJia,ll;eJieiJ, qyryHOJIHTeHHOI'O 3RBO)l;a. 8TOT cpa6-
pHKaHT 6h!JI HaCTOJihKO YBJielfeH H,ll;eeif npHMeHeHHSI
qyryaa, HaCTOJihKO BJII06JieH B meJie30, 'ITO ITOJIY'IHJI
npo3BHm;e A:HpoH Ms)l; (Iron Mad - CBHXHYBIIIHHCSI Ha
meJie3e, noMeiiiaHHhiH Ha qyryHe). OH nh!TaJICSI nocTpo-
HTh H3 'IyryHa JIO,ll;KY H KOpa6JIH, HOCHJI :>KeJie3HYIO lliJISI-
ny- KOTeJIOK, a qyryHHhie 3HatiKH C e r o H306pa:>KeHHeM
HCITOJih30BaJIHCh B Il,eHTpaJihHhiX rpa<PCTBaX KaK MOHe-
Ta. Kor)l;a OH yMep, ero noxopoHHJIH B 'IYI'YHHOM rpo6y,
a Ha ero MOI'HJie YCTa.HOBHJIH 'IYI'YHHhiH o6eJIHCK.
lfMeHHO OH 3aropeJICSI H,ll;eeif CTpOHTeJihCTBa qyryH-
HOI'O MOCTa H BOBJieK B STY 3aTeiO A6paxaMa ,Il;ap-
6H Ill. ,il;eTaJIH MOCTa 6hiJIH OTJIHThl Ha ero <Pa6p:n:Ke, H
B 1779 I'. MOCT 'Iepe3 CesepH HaBeJIH, a B 1781 1'. TOp-
:>KeCTBeHHO OTKphiJIH.
TaK <•CBHXHYBIIIHHCSI Ha meJie3e>) oKa3aJICSI rrpH'Iac-
TeH K C03)l;aHHIO O,ll;HOI'O H3 qy,ll;eC CBeTa.
4.2. Boii:Ha, y,ll;aphi aHrJIH'IaH 3acTaBHJIH KoHrpecc aKTH-
BH3HpoBaThCSI. Bh!JIO pemeHo C03)l;aTh csoro apMHIO H Ha-
3HaqHTh rJiaBHOKOMaHAYIO~ero. Bh!6op rraJI Ha 44-JieTHe-
ro 6oraToro nJiaHTaTopa H3 BHp,ll;:>KHHHH. OH HMeJI HeKo-
TOphiii BOeHHbiH OIIhlT, TaK KaK ,ll;O peBOJIIOD;HH
yqacTBOBaJI B 6o.Hx c <Ppaa:u;y3aMH H HH,ll;eii:u;aMH. OH
6hiJI Ha)l;eJieH HeCOMHeHHhiMH TaJiaHTaMH Opl'a.HH3aTopa
H BOeHaqaJihHHKa, 06Jia,ll;aJI My:>KeCTBOM H CTOHKOCThiO,
XJia)l;HOKpOBHeM H HaXO)l;tiHBOCTbiO, npH,ll;ep:>KHBaJICSI
33
35. yMepeHHbiX B3rJUl)J,OB, 6hiJI )l;aJieK OT <<HH30B», HO TBep-
/1.0 sepHJI B HeHa6e.mHOCTh OT)l;CJICllHR OT AHr.TIHH 11 CBR-
TOCTh Ha~a.smeHCSI BOHHhi. 0 H 06Jia)l;a.TI H K OMaH)l;Hp CKOH
BHemHOCTbiO: BbiCOKHH (188 CM) , CTp OHH hi H , <<llPRMOH
KaK H H)l;een;•>, npe,lJ.CTaBH Te.TihHbi H, C 6.TiaropO,lJ.HbiMH Ma-
H epaMH, C)l;ep.maH HhlH H HeMHOr OCJIOBHbiH, OH npOH3BO-
)l;HJI n p HHTHoe sne~aT.TieHHe. H a JIHD;e Bhi )l;eJISIJIHCh
J1..1IHHHhlH npHMOH HOC, npOHHIJ;aTe.TibHbie c epo-CHHHe
r.11aaa :a TBep)l;hiH no.u.6opo.u.oK. B hlp a.meHHe .TIHu;a 6bi .Tio
0/l.HOBpeMeHHO H ,!J.06p oe, H B.TiaCTHOe. IliHp OTOH B3 r.TISI-
)l;OB OH ycTp aHBaJI scex B K o Hr p ecce. M oH He o6MaHyJI
Ha.u.e.m.u. KoHrpecca H HaD;HH.
5. flo K aKOMY npHHli;Hrry o6pa3 0BaHLI pH~I?
5.1. T oMac ~.mecpQ>epcoH , BeH.u.maMHH <I>paHKJIHH,
~»<OP.U.»< BauaHHrTOH. -------------------------------
5.2. K opO.Tih, ry6ep H aTophi KO.TIOIIH H , KO.TIOHHa.TihHhie ac-
caM6.TieH.
5.3. ~.moH Ke:H, ~»<eiiMc XaprpHsc, Xe:Hc, 3.D.MYH/1.
KapTpa:i%:T, )J;.meiiMc YaTT. -------------------------
5.4. IlpOCBeiiJ;eHHhlM MOHapx, YHH~TO»<eHHe COCJIOBHbiX
npHBH.TierMM H CeHbOpHaJibHbiX llOpH,!J.KOB, He06XO)l;M-
MOCTb peJIHrHH )l;JIH H a p o.n;a. --------------------------
6 . 3anoJIHHTe nponycKH.
6 .1. ~eK.Tiapau;HH ncaaBHCH MOCTH CiliA,
6.2. K o p o.Tih , nap .TiaMeHT, ---------------------------
34
36. 6.3. JleH~JIOp~, cpepMep-apeH~aTop,
6.4. IlpocBe:rn;eHHe, B eiiMap, «<l>aycT,.,
7. Cr pynrrHpyiiTe no orrpe,ZJ;eJieHHbiM rrpHaHaKaM.
7.1. a) CTOJIKHOBeHHe y JleKCHHrToHa; 6) anroHKHHhi;
B) 6HTBa y CapaTor H; r) Hp oKe3hi; ~) 6HTBa no,ZJ;
HopKTayuoM.
7.2. a) JleBennepbi; 6) A6paxaM ,ll;ap611; B) ~Hrrephl ;
r) ,ll;)KOH YHnKHHCOH; ~) PH"tJ:ap.n. A pKpaiiT.
33A3Hif1S1 K § 25- 27
3 a,ZJ;aHHe 1. ITpo"tJ:HTaiiTe CBH,ll.eTeJibCTBO cppaH-
~y3cKoro nonHTH"tJ:ecKoro .n.eHTenH B o6aHa H c.n.enaiiTe
pacqeT (B MJIH qeJIOBeK) "t{HCJieHHOCTH Ka)K,ll.OH H3 "tJ:eTbi-
pex r pynn HaceneHHH, yKa3aHHhiX aBTopoM (K 70-M rr.
XVIII a. HaceneHHe <I>paH~HH cocTaBnHno 25 MJIH -qe-
noBeK).
Bee IIICCfleAOBaHIIIfl, KOTOpb18 fl CMOr CAeflaTb, n OKa3biBaiOT,
YTO B nOC118AH88 BpeMfl n OYTIII A8Cf!Tafl YaCTb HaC8Jl8HIIIfl
A0B8AeHa AO HIII~8Tbl Ill A8ii1CTBIIIT8JlbHO Hlll~eHCTByeT. 1113 OC-
TanbHbiX AeBflTIII AeCf!TbiX ns:~rb Aecs:~TbiX He MOryT AaTb noAas:~
HIIIfl, 11160 CaMIII HaXOAflTCfl nOYH1 B TaKOM .>Ke HeCYaCTHOM
nono.>KeHIIIIII. 1113 YeTblpex ocranbHbiX Yacrei/1 rp111 3arHaHbl 111 B
60flbWOM 3aTPYAH8HLillll OT A01lrDB Ill npou.eccOB (CyAe6HbiX. -
ABT.); K nOCJleAHei/1 .>Ke YaCTLil 51 OTHOWY BbiCWYIO 3HaTb, ABO-
pHHCTBO, YIIIHOBHL!IKOB, 6or aTbiX KynU.OB Ill 6yp.>Kya.
35
37. 3 a)l;aune 2. IlpoqHTaihe CBH,ZJ;eTeJihCTBo Bo6aHa
0 IIOJIOm.eHHH HH3WHX CJIOeB H8CeJieHHH.
n poCTOHapOAbe m1TaeTCSl SlYMeHHbiM xne60M C nplt1MeCbiO
OBCa, OT Hero Aa)f(e He OTCeBaiOT 0Tpy6eiii; 3 TOT xn e6 MO)f(HQ
n OAHit1MaTb 3a COJ10Mit1Hbl, KOT0Pb1Mit1 OH Ha61t1T. 0 Hit1 eASlT ew.e
CKBep Hble, B 60JibWit1HCTBe Cfly l.faeB Alt1Kit1e nfiOAbl, Cyn 1113 3e-
Jie Hit1 c He60flbWit1M KOf11t1l.feCTBOM opexosoro Macna 111 no4Tit1
6e3 con111 , 6naroAapSl nown111He Ha Hee. n111wb caMble AOCTa-
TOl.fHble lt1MeiOT neKJleBaHHbliii xne6. n poCTOiii HapOA peAKO
n be T Blt1HO, MSlCO eCT pa3a Tplt1 B rOA 1t1 ynOTpe6f1SleT MallO
COf11t1. T p1.1 YeTsepTit1 111 n eTOM 111 31t1MOiii OAeTbl s n onoTHO, o6y-
Tbl s ca6o Ha rony10 HOr y so see speMe Ha roA a .
HcnoJih3YH aToT ,ZJ;OKYMeHT H TeKcT ~e6HHKa (c. 230,
231, 239, 240), COCT8BbTe paCCK83 << JKH3Hb <})paH~y3-
CKOI'O KpecTb HHHHa a XVIII B. •> .
3a)l;aHHe 3. B HHMaTeJihH O p accMoTpHTe Kap HKa-
TYPY XVIII B. (c. 231 ~e6BHKa) . PHcyHOK H83bi BaeTCH
<•CJie.zr;yeT H a,ZJ;e.RTbC.R, q T o CKOp O 3T8 H r p a 38KOH~HTC.R» .
H arrHWHTe, ~To H Men B BH.u;y er o a BT op.
36
38. 3 a ,ZJ;aHH e 4. 3anoJIHHTe c x eMy.
I IJOBHHHOCTH KpecThHH I
~ t ~
CeHhopy r OCy )l;a p CTBy I.J;ep K BH
3 aAa Hne 5. 3anOJIHHTe Ta6JIMI.l;Y «COCJIOBM.H BO
<f>paiii.l;MH Ha:KaHyHe peBOJIIOII;HM>>.
Coc-
K a Kou KaKn e
CJion n a c eJICHJUI C06CTBCHHOCT b10 Hl1eJin npana
JIOBJfSI
II 06H33BHOCTllBJHl,IJ.CJIH
I
II
III
37
51. 3 a )J;aHHe 30. 3arrOJIHH Te Ta6JIHJJ;Y <<0 CH OBHble
H3MeHeHH.H, IIpOH30ille,]J;IDH e BO <l>paHIJ;H H B XO,ll;e p eBO-
JIIOIJ;JiiJil (K 1799 r. ITO CpaBHeHH IO C 1789 r .)>>.
06JiaCTL atU3HH
XapaKTepucTHKa XapaKTepucTJut a
,!I;O penomo~uu llOCJie peBOJIJO~HH
IIpaBa
npe~cTaBH'reJJei1 :
n epBoro
COCJJOBI.UI ;
BTOporo
COCJJOBHJI;
TpeThero
COCJJOBHSl
r ocy~apCTBeHHOe
yCTpOHCTBO
XoaniicTBO
BoeaHoe ~eJio
3a)J;aHHe 31*. H c rroJih3YH aTnac rro H oBOH
H CTOpHH, H a KOHTy pHOH K a p Te 3 a K p aCbT e O,ll;HHM IJ;BeT OM
T e ppHT OpHH <l>paHIJ;H H B 1795 r . , ,Zl;p y r H M D;BeTOM TeppH-
TOpHH, rrpHCOe,ll;HHeHHhi e K HeH B 1795- 1799 rr. Il,Be T -
HhiMH CTp eJIKaMH o 6 0 3HR'1bTe BOHHbl .il:HpeKTOpHH
(JITaJih.HHCKHH TIOX O,Zl; H TIOXO,ll; B C H p H IO H ErHIIeT).
50
53. TecTOBbte 3aAaHMst K § 25- 27
1. BLI6e pJtTe rrpaBHJILHLIH OTBeT.
1.1. .flK06HHCKaSI ~HKTaTypa TI8Jla B :
a) 1792 r.; 6 ) 1794 r . ; a ) 1799 r .
1.2. reHepaJibHOMY KOHTp OJiepy QJHHaHCOB Tropro npH-
illJIOCb YMTH B OTCTaBKy, TaK Ka.K:
a) OH OK83aJICSI 3aMeiiiaHHbi M B paCXH~eHHH Ka3Hhi;
6) OH Ha~IaJI npOBOJJ;HTb 3KOHOMH"LieCKHe pe<}JopMbi, OTMe-
HHJI TBep~bie ~eHbi H8 XJie6, qTO Bbl3B8JIO B3pbi B He~o
BOJibCTBa CO CTOpOHbi npOCTOHapO,ll;bSI H HCnyra.JIO JliO~O
BHKa XVI; a ) co6paBIIIHHCSI a 4>HJia~e.JihqmH KoHTHHeH-
T8JibHhiM KOHrpecc noTpe6oaa.JI OT Jlro~OBHKa XVI
cMeCTFITh T rop ro c 38HHMaeMoro nocTa 38 ero apam.JJ;e6-
Hoe OTHomeH He K m.HTe.JISIM aHr.JIHMCKHX KOJIOHHH a Ce-
aepHoii AMepHKe .
2. Y cTaHOBIITe COOTBe TCTBHe Mem,IJ;y ,IJ;aTOH II C06LITHCM.
B Ta6JIJtiJ;Y BITKIIIJtTC 6yKBLI BLI6paHBLIX B8MJf OTBCTOB.
1. 14 HIOJISI 1789 1'.
2. CeHTSI6ph 1791 r .
3. 10 aarycTa 1792 r.
4. lliOHh 1793 r.
5. 27 HIOJISI 1794 1'.
6. 18 6proMepa 1799 r .
1 2 3
A . IlpHHSIT H e nepaoii. a HCTo-
P HH <t>paHD;HH KOHCTHTY~HH
B. Caep.meHHe MOHapxHH
B. YcTaHOBJieHHe SIK06HHCKoii
~HKTaTypbi
r. H a"tJaJIO <t>paHu;y3CKOH peao-
JIIOD;HH
,[(. rocy~apCTBeHHbiM rrep eao-
poT H ano.11eoHa B oHanapTa
E. Caep.meHHe SIK06M:HCKoii
~HKTaTypbi
4 5 6
3. CorJiaCHLI JIH BLI co CJieJJ;yJOIIJ;HMH yTBepm,IJ;eHHHMH?
3.1. «My'tlH 8 SI B OHH8>> - B biB03 H3 <l>paH~HH 38 rpaHH-
n;y MYKH no ~emeaoii ~eHe (~a; H eT).
52
54. 3 . 2. Ha OTKPhlBIDHXe.R 5 Ma.R 1789 r . reuepaJibHbiX
lliT8T8X .D;eiiyTaThl rrepBoro H BTOpOrO eoeJIOSHSI. 113'b.RBH-
JIH »<.eJiaHHe IIJI8THTh HaJIOrH HapaBHe e TpeTbHM eoeJIO-
BHeM (.D;a; HeT).
3.3. TepMH.D;OpHaHII,bl eTOHJIH 38 p eeny6JIHKy, KOTOpaH
38IIJ;HIIJ;aJia 6hl eo6eTBeHHOCTb H CB060.D;Y rrpe,D;IIpHHHMa-
TeJibCTBa (.D;a; HeT).
4. 0 KOM H)l;eT p e 'lb?
<•B HTaJibHHCKoii KaMrraHHH OH npoaslUii HaH60Jihmee
seJIH'-IHe, - rosopHJI renepaJI JiaccaJih s 1809 r o,D;y.. . -
Tor.D;a OH 6hiJI repoeM... B HTaJIHH y aero 6hiJIO MaJIO
JIIO.D;e:H, .D;a H Te 6e3 opymH.a, 6e3 xJie6a, 6e3 canor, 6e3
,D;eHer... HapymHOCTh ero 6biJia He3Ha"tiHTeJihHa; penyTa-
II,HSI M8TeM8T HK8 H Mel.IT8T eJISI; HHKaKOrO ,D;eJia em;e He
6biJIO 38 HHM, H HH O.D;HOrO J];pyra; OH CJihiJI Me,D;Se.D;eM,
IIOTOMY "t!TO 6biJI SCer,D;a O.D;HH H IIOrpymeH B eBOH MbiC-
JIH. OH .D;OJI»<.eH 6biJI e03.D;aTh see H eo3,D;aJI. BoT r,D;e OH
6hiJI scero H3YMHTeJihHee! ~
<•ApMHSJ., KOTopyro OH noJiy"t!HJI .D;JISJ. 3asoesa.HHSJ. M Ta-
JIHH, HaxO.D;HJiaeb s ymaeHOM rroJiomeHHH. CoJI,D;aThi xo-
.D;HJIH B JIOXMOTbSIX, rOJIO.D;Hhle, llb.RHhie, 6yHHbie, 38HH-
Ma.RCh rpa6emoM ,z:r.a Mapo,z:r.epcTBOM. <•HHru;aSJ. psaHb co
seero JlaHr e,D;oKa ,D;a IlposaHca no,D; rrpe.D;BO.D;HTeJibeTBOM
6oc.aKa-reHepan:a•>, - rosopHT O.D;HH H3 cospeMeiiiiHKos
o6 sToii apMHH •>•
<•qTo OHH? CMeiOTCH Ha.D; aaMH, "t!TO JIH? Man:h'-IHIJIKY
npHCJI8JIH KOM8H.D;OB8Th>>, - B0p"t!8JIH CTapbie yea<-m-rpe-
Ha,IJ.ephl, HO cKopo IIOHSIJIH, KaKos <•MaJihl.fHIIIKa•>. CHal.J!a-
Jia HCIIyran:Heb, a IIOTOM IIOJII06HJIH ero••. >>
<•BOT l.fY.D;O, KOTOpOe OH eosepiJIHJI: S ,D;Be He,D;eJIH
<<HHIIJ;8SI psaHb~, <<pa360HHHl.fhH ID8HKH~ C8HKIOJIOTOB
npeo6pamaiOTCH S MaKe,D;OHCKHe <lJaJiaBrH A.rreKC8H,D;pa, B
pHMeKHe JierHOHhi I(e3ap.a - soiicKa He6biBaJibie 3a .D;Be
ThlC.Rl.IH JieT>> •
<• 10 anpeJI.a Hal.laTa KaMIIaHHSI, a 26-ro OH rosopHT
s B033B8RHH K apMHH: <•COJI.D;8Thii B IIRTHa.D;u;aTb .D;Heii
Bhl O,D;ep»<.aJIH llleCTb II06e,z:r., B3SI.JIH .D;B8)l;II,8Tb O.D;HO 3Ha-
MSI, IISITb,D;eCSIT IISITh opy.D;HH H HeCKOJihKO KpeiiOCTeii; Bhl
38BOeS8Jll1 6oraTeHIIIyiO l.I8CTh IlbeMOllT8. JlHIJieUHbie
seero, Bhl see HasepcTaJIH: BhiHrphisaJiw epameHHR 6e3
53
55. nyiiieK, nepexo,n;HJIH qepe3 peKH 6e3 MoeToB, ,n;eJiaJIH
cpopeHpOBaHHbie MapmH 6e3 eanor, eTOJIJIH H8 6HBY8l<8X
qaeTo 6e3 xJie6a. ToJihKO peeny6JIHKaHeKHe cpaJiaHrH,
eOJI,li;8Tbi eB060,ll;bi enoeo6Hbl 6biJJH TepneTb, qTo Bbi Tep-
neJJH.. . BJiaro,n;apio Bae, eoJI,n;aTbii.. Ho Bbi em;e nHqero
He e,n;eJiaJIH ITO epaBHeHHIO e TeM, 'ITO B8M OeTaeTeJI
e,n;eJiaTb>>.
5. 3 anOJIHHTe nponyCKH.
5.1. )J;eKJiapan;HJI npaB qeJioBeKa H rpam,n;aHHHa npo-
B03rnamana: Bee JJIO,li;H pom,n;aiOTeJI __________
HeToqHHK BepXOBHOH BJiaeTH HaXO,lJ;HT-
eJI B _______________; Bee JIIO,li;H HMeiOT
npaBo Ha - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - --
eBo6o,n;a eoeTOHT B npaBe ,n;eJiaTb Bee, 'ITO-- - - - -
5.2. B oii:Hbi <t>paHD;HH B nep Ho,n; ,lJ;:apei~TOPHH npHHHMa-
IOT 3aBOeBaTeJibHbiH xapaKTep. <l>paHIJ,HJI npHeOe,D;HHHJI8
K ce6e TeppHTOpHH - - - - - - - -- - - - - - ---
npeBpaTHJia B :JaBHCHMYIO peeny6JIHKY - - - - - -- -
6. 3a,n;aHHe e pa3BepHYTbiM OTBeTOM.
IlpoqHTaHTe OTpbiBKH H3 HCTOpH'IeCKOro HeTOqHHKa H
OTBeTbTe Ha Bonpoehl.
Ha 3anHcoK poce~riicKOH nMIIepaTpH~bi
EKaTepuHbl II ((0 Mepax BOCCTaHOBJieHHSI BO <l»pauu,HH
KOpOJieBCKOrO npaBHTeJibCTB3» (1792)
«)J;eJio cppaHIJ,y3eKoro KoponJI ecTb ,n;eJio Bcex rocy.n;a-
peii:.
)J;JIJI E BpOIIbi B8)KHO, 'IT06bi <l>paHIJ,HJI eHOB8 38HJIJJ8
rroJiomeHHe, rro,n;o6arom;ee BeJIHKOMY rocy,n;apeTBy.
B HacToJim;ee BpeMJI ,n;ocTaToqHo ,u;ecJITH ThleJiq Boiie-
Ka, 'IT06bi rrpOHTH <l>paHI.J.HIO OT O,li;HOrO KOHI.J.a ,D;O ,n;py-
54
56. r o ro•.• KameTcR, t~TO H a 6 paTh 3TO BOHCKO 6hiJIO 6hi Bce-
ro y)l;o6Hee B 3eMJIRx npHpeiiHCKHx•.• K Ha6paHHOMY
BoiicKy HeMHHyeMo npHcoe)l;HHRTCR Bee ocTaBHBUIHe
pO)l;HHY !l>paHIJ,Y3CKH e )l;BOpSIHe, a MO>KeT 6hi Tb, H llOJIKH
HeMeiJ,KHX rOCy)l;ape:H. Ilocpe)l;CTBOM 3TOrO BOHCKa MO>K-
HO OCB060)l;HTb <l>paHIJ,HIO OT pa360HHHKOB, BOCCTaHOBHTb
MOHapXHIO H MOHapxa, pa30rHaTb CaM03BaHIJ,eB, HaKa-
3aTb 3JIO,Il;eeB, H36aBHTb rOCy)l;apCTBO OT yrHeTeHHR,
TOTtlaC >Ke 06'bSIBHTb npoiiJ;eHHe H 3a6BeHHe BCeM H3'bJIB-
JISIIOIIJ;HM llOKOpHOCTb H n pH3HaiOIIJ;HM 3aKOHHOrO rocy-
)l;apSI••• <l>pann,y3CKOe )l;YXOBeHCTBO ITOJIYtiHT Ha3a)l;, "tiTO
OCTaHeTCSI HepacnpO)l;aHHOrO 113 ero HMyiiJ;eCTBa, )l;BOpSIH-
CTBO - CBOH npaBa COCJIOBHbie ••• »
6.1. KaKoe HCTOPH"tleCKoe co6biTHe HaUIJIO OTpameHHe
B aanHcKax EKaTepHHhi II? _____________
6.2. KaKHe cym)l;eHHSI o6 OTHOUieHHH EKaTepHHhi II H
pOCCHHCKOrO )l;BOpSIHCTBa K npOHCXO)l;SIIIJ;HM BO <l>paH-
II,HH C06biTHSIM MO>KHO C!l>OpMyJIHpOBaTb Ha OCHOBe ee
3aTIHCOK?
6.3. IIpoKOMMeHTHpy:HTe cym,n;eHHe EKaTepHHhi II <•,Zl;e-
JIO {ppaHIJ,y3CKOrO KOpOJISI eCTb )l;eJIO BCeX rocy)l;apeH >>.
57. rnABA IV
Tpap,II1LJ,II10HHble o6w,ecTsa BocToKa.
HaYano espone~cKo~ KOnOHII13aU,111111
3aA3HMR K § 28- 30
3a,z:J;aHHe 1. Haii,z:J;HTe nono*eHHH, cocTaBJiaro-
~He C8.MypaHCKHH KO,ZJ;eKC l.JeCTH «6yCH,ll;0>} .
a) 38HHM8TbCH TOJibKO BOeHHbiM ,ZJ;eJIOM; 6) BeCTH Tpe3-
BbiH o6p83 mH3HH H llO,ll;8B8Tb BCeM npHMep; B) ry-
JIHTb BO BpeM.H D;BeTeHHH BHinHH, K8T8TbCH H8 JIO,ZJ;Ke;
r) yqacTBOB8Tb B a3apTHbiX Hrpax; .n;) 6bi Tb 6eccTpam-
Hbi M B 6010 H npe3Hp8Tb CMepTb; e) 6biTb npe,ll;8HHbiM
cpeo.n;any, y KOToporo cnymHIIIb; *) 6biTb 6epemJIHBbiM;
3) CTpeMHTbCH llOMOI'8Tb JIIO,ll;HM B HeCl.J8CTbHX; H) 6biTb
npe.n;aHHbiM HMnepaTopy.
3 a ,z:J;auue 2. BcnoMHHTe oco6hle qepTbi o6I.IJ;ecT-
BeHHOro ycTpo:HcTBa cTpau BocToKa B XVI-XVIII BB.,
KOTOpbie ll03BOJIHIOT C,ll;eJI8Tb BbiBO,ll; 0 cyrn;eCTBOB8HHH
B HHX Tpa,ZJ;HD;HOHHOI'O o6~eCTB8.
3a,z:J;aHHe 3. Pa3MeCTHTe Ha cTyneHbKax necT-
HHD;bi H3BeCTHble B8M COCJIOBHH .ffllOHCKOI'O o6rn;eCTB8,
B COOTBeTCTBHH C Cyi.IJ;eCTBOB8BIIIeli HepapxHeH. 06'bRC-
HHTe, llOl.JeMy Bbl Bbl llOJIHHJIH 38,ll;8HHe HMeHHO T8KHM
o6pa3oM.
56
58. 3 a .rJ;aHHe 4. Co6panHch KaK-TO 6oraThie RnoH-
CKHe KYTID;hi B ropo~e 3~0 H aar OBOpHJIH 0 TOM, qTo HeT
y H H X CBOero KO~eKCa, KOT Opbi H YCT 8HOBHJI 6bi ~JIR HHX
rrpaBHJia rroBe~eHHR . CKaaaJI o~HH Kyneu;: <<Y caMyp aeB
eCTb KO,ZJ;eKC t:IeCTH <c 6yCH~O,., o6p a3 »<H3HH K peCT bRH aa-
BHCHT OT CaMypaeB, a Mbi, KyTIIJ;bi, MO»teM C8MH yCT8HO-
BHTb ~JIR ce6R rrpaBHJia •>. B Topo:H: Kyrreu; cKaaaJI: « K yn-
IJ;bi, B OTJIJfqlfe OT CaMypaeB, He HMeJOT »t8JIOB8Hb R H CO-
,n;epmaT CeMbJO Ha ,ZJ;eHbrH, IIOJiyqeHHhie OT TOprOBJIH.
T aK rrpo~oJimaeTC.H H3 rroKoJieHH.H B rroKoJieHHe» . A Tpe-
THH Kyneu; ~o6aBHJI: «li03TOMy HaM npHXO~HTC.H 6oi Tb
CKpOMHbiMH B o,n;em~e , e~e, y6paHCTBe ~OMa H OTKJI8~bi
B8Tb c6epemeHH.H Ha qepHhiH ,n;eHb: Ha cJiyqa:H: 6oJie3HH,
nomapa HJIH 3eMJieTp.HceHH.H. A TaK KaK Ha :>KH3Hb Mhi
llOJiyqaeM OT CBOHX KJIHeHTOB, TO HY»<HO 6paTbC.H 38
JIJ06hle caMhie MaJieHI>KHe c~eJIKH. Kyrru;oi He ,n;oJI»tHhi
IIpO.HBJI.HTb HeyqTHBOCTb ~ame K CJiymaHK8M H ~eT.HM >} .
11 BCe BMeCTe npHH.HJIH pemeHHe: H8IIHC8Tb npaBHJI8
IIOBe~eHH.H ~JIR KYIIIJ;OB, ~a T8KHe, qT06hl IIOMOraJIH OH H
3apa6aTbiBaTI> ~eHorH.
IIopa3MI>ImJI.HHTe, KaKHMH ~OJI»<Hhi 6oiJIH 6h!Tb aTH
rrpaBHJia.
57
59. 38,l(8HIIe 5. IlpO"tiHTaHTe npHBe,D;eHHbie HHme
paCCKa3hi 113 )KH3HH npe,u.cTaBHTeJieH KHTaHCKOI'O 06Il.e-
C'rBa. Ha:H,D;HTe Q.JaKThi, no,n;Tsepm,n;arow;He, "'TO o6w;ecTBO
6biJIO Tp8,D;HI.J.HOHHbiM, H flO,D;'iepKHHTe HX KpaCHbiM IJ.Be-
TOM. <l>aKThi, CBH,U.eTeJihCTByiOIIJ,He 0 pa3JIOmeHHH Tpa,z:J;H-
IJ.HOHHOI'O 06IIJ,eCTB8, ITO,D;"'epKHHTe 3eJieHhiM I:(BeTOM.
B HaYane XVII e. Ml-1Hl-1CTP l-1MnepaTopcKoro npaBIIITenbcTea
'-bKaHb XaHb n1-1can, YTO ero npeAOK '-bKaHb 111-aHb 3aHl-1ManCs:l
Bl-'IHHOI!i TOproenel/i. H o OAHa)l(,(l,bl cny4l-1nOCb HaBOAHeHllle, l-1
BCe 3arOTOBneHHOe Bl-'IHO npOKIIICnO. no3TOMY OH OCTaBllln Bl-1 -
HOTOproBmO l-1, pa3A06biB Cnl-'ITOK cepe6pa, Kyn1-1n OAIIIH TKaU,-
Kl-11/i CTaHOK l-1 TKan Ha HeM TOH4alliWl-1e U,BeTHble nOnOTHa. 0H
He ycneean CHs:lTb TKaHb CO CTaHKa, KaK y)Ke He 6blnO OT60s:l
OT noKynaTenelli . B l-1Tore OH nonyYan 20% np1-16b1n1-1. Yepe3
20 AHelli OH A06aBl-1n ew,e OAIIIH CTaHOK, a BnocneACTBl-11-1 l-1Men
1-1x 6onee 20. B naBKl-1 Kynu,oe nocTYnano 60nbwoe KOnl-1YeCT-
eo ero TKaHelli, 1-1 ace )Ke cnpoc He 6bln YAOBneTeopeH. C Tex
nop ero ceMbs:l Cl1lnbHO pa36oraTena. YeTblpe noKoneHllls:l
CeMbl-1 Y)KaH 111-aHs:l npOAOn)Kanl-1 Aeno , l-1 Ka)KAbllli 1113 HIIIX
yeeniii4111Ban 6oraTCTBO, KOTOpoe B KOHU,e KOHU,OB AOCTIIIfn O
HeCKOnbKIIIX Tb1Cs:l4 30nOTbiX.
n111 ~3bi-43H POAVInCs:l B 1606 r. B M IIIH4)Kl-1. 0TeU, ero n 111
W oy-Y)KYH npovlCXOAIIIn 1113 KpeCTbs:lH-co6cTBeHHIIIKOB , HO noA
KOHeU, pa30pllln Cfl, BblnOnHs:ls:l nOBIIIHHOCTIII AepeBeHCKOrO
cTpa)KHIIIKa. n111 ~3bi-43H a AeTCTBe yYV~ncs:l acero HeCKOnbKO
n eT, a aaTeM nac oaeu,, npiiiHaAne)KaBwlllx noMeW.IIIKY AL/1. O H
1113yYan <t>exToeaHII!e 111 Kyna4Hblli1 6oli1, noTOM cny)KIIIn KypbepoM.
Era ceMbs:l, XOTs:l 111 paaop111nacb, ece-TaKIII He Morna oceo-
60AIIITbCs:l OT HeCeHIIIs:l Ts:l)KenoL/1 nOBIIIHHOCTIII AepeBeHCKOrO
CTpa)KHIIIKa. 3To 6bln nepiiiOA Maccoeoro 6ercTea KpeCTbs:lH 1113
npOBIIIHU,IIIIII W3HbCIII. 1113 K8)1(,(1,biX AeCs:lTIII ABOpOB OCT8BanOCb
TOnbKO OAIIIH-ABa. 0AHaKo o6w,as:1 cyMMa Hanoroe coxpaHflnacb
npe)KHelli Ill paCKn8Ab1BanaCb Ha OCTaBWIIIXCs:l KpeCTbs:lH. 8 Cny-
48e HeypO)Kas:l KpeCTbfiHe He B COCTOs:lHIIIIII 6~n111 B~nn8TII!Tb
Han Orlll, A8)Ke npOAaB BCe CBOe IIIMyUJ,eCTBO. Bee HeAOIIIMKIII no
Hanor aM AOn)KeH 6~n B03MeCTVITb HaYanbHIIIK AepeeeHCKIIIX
58
60. CTpa>KHHK08. T aKHM o 6 p a30M , 3aA 01l>KeHHOCTb JlH Ll.3bi- 43Ha
poe n a. 3 a 3 TO e r o YaCTO n o p OllH H Ca>KallH 8 KOJlOAKH.
tJ.o8e A eHHblill AO OT'iaSlHHSl, OH C08epWHJl y6HiiiCT80 H 6e>KaJl
8 r a HbCy, rAe CTaJl COJlAaTOM.
3 ap;auHe 6. IIpo~niTa:HTe BhiCK83hiBaHIHI KoH-
tPYII;HJI. K aK Bhi .n;yMaeTe, rro~eMy ero yqeHne Haruno
MHOrO IIOCJie,li;OBaTeJieH He TOJibKO B KHTae, HO H B .n;py-
rHX cTp aRax? IIopa3MhiillJIJIHTe, K8KHe H3 rrpHae.n;eHHhiX
H H>Ke Cym.n;eHHH 8KTYaJibHbi H CerO,li;HJI, K8KHMH H3 HHX
Bbl p y K OBO,li;CTByeTeCh B CB09H >KH3HH.
1. Ha6Hpas:~ yYeHHK08, KoHcpyu,Hill pyK080A CT808aJlC51 npHHU.H-
n o M «B cTp eMJleHHH K 3Ha HHSlM He A OJl>KHO 6 b1Tb HMyw,ec TseH-
HbiX p a3Jlt.14Hill».
2. Ko rAa yYeHHKH c n poc1-111H KoHcpyu,Hs:~ o ero >Ken a HHH, OH
OT8 eTHJl: «C Tapble AOJl>KHbl >KHTb s noKoe, APY3bSl AOJl>KHbl 6b1Tb
npa BA H8biMH, MllaAWHe A OJl>KHbl npOSlBJlSlTb 3a60TY 0 CTap-
WHX».
3. Ko Hcpyu,Hill r OBOpHll: «KOrAa OTeu, >KHB - ClleA yill ero CTpeM-
lleHHSlM; KOr Aa OTeU, CKOHYaJlCSl - ClleAyill ero nOCTynKaM;
eCJlH B TeYeHHe Tpex JleT He H3Me HSlTb nYTH OTU,a, TO npo
TaKOrD YeJlOBeKa MO>KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO OH HCn OJlHHJl AOJlr Cbi-
HOBHelii nOYTHTeJlbHOCTW>.
4. KOHcpyu,Hill CKa3an: «6JlaropOA Hblill My>~(, COBepWHB npOCTY-
nOK, HCn paBJlSleT ero AellaMH , HH3KHill YeJlOBeK, COBepWH8
npOCTYnOK, 3arna>KHBaeT ero CJlOBaMW>.
5. KOHcpyU,HSl c n pOCWlH: «KOr Aa HaCeJleHHe CTOJlb MHOrD4HC-
JleHHO, TO KaK 6b1Tb C HHM?» Y4HTeJlb OTBeTHJl: «C HaYalla 060-
r a THTb, n OTOM 80Cn i-1Tbl8aTb».
6. KOHcpyu,Hi/1 rosopt.111: «B biCWHill - TOT, KTO 3HaeT OT PO>KAe-
HHSl; CJleAytow,Hill - TOT, KTO n03HaeT B yYeHHH ; CJleAYIOW.Hill
A aJle e - YYHTCSl, KOrAa HCnbiTbiBaeT KpaiiiHOCTb ; Te >Ke, KTO
8 KpaiiiHOCH1 He yYaTCSl, - JliOAH HH3WHe».
7. «YTo Ha3btsaeTcs:~ AOJlroM YenoseKa?» - cnpawHsan KoHcpy-
u,Hiii. lt1 CaM OTBeYan: «0 Tel.l, AOJl>KeH npOSlBJlSlTb POAHTellbCKHe
4Y8CT8a, a CbiH - n04THT9JlbHOCTb, CTapwHill 6paT - A06po-
TY, a MJlaAWHill - Apy>~<ento6He, My>~< - c n paBeAJlHBOCTb, a
MJlaAW J.19 - nOKOpHOCTb, roCyAap b - Ye1lOB9KOJlto6J.19, a n OA-
AaHHbl9 - npeAaHHOCTb. 3TJ.1 KaYeCT8a H HMeHytoTCSl 49JlOBe-
49 CKJ.1M AOJlrOM. npon 089Ab 89pHOCTH H MHp01lto6HSl HM9 HyeT-
CSl 49 JlOB949CKOill nOJlb30ill . 6 0pb6a H 83aH MH~e y6HiiiCT8a
HM9HYIOTCSl JliOACKHMH 69ACT8HSlM H...»
59
61. 8. n paBII1Tel1b OAHOVl 1113 06118CTeVI K111T851 cnpOCII111 KoHQ>y~11151 :
«'-ITo Hyt)KHO n peAnp111Hf!Tb, YT06bt H8POA n oAYII1Hfi11Cfl?» KoH-
<f>Y~111VI OTBeTII111: «EC/1111 803BbiW8Tb np51MbiX 111 CT88111Tb 111X HaA
KP II1BbiMII1, TO H8POA caM nOAY111HII1TCfl. Ecn111 B03BbiW8Tb KPII1BbiX
111 CT88 1!1Tb 111X HaA n p51Mb1Mii1, TO H8POA He nOAI.fii1HII1TC51>>.
9. KOH<f>Y~II151 CnpOCII111111: «KaKOVl Yei10BeK MO)I(eT 6b1Tb H8-
3 88H C8HOBHII1KOM?» Y YII1Tellb OTBeTII111: «Toro, KTO MO)I(eT
YYBCTBOB8Tb CTbiA 38 CBOII1 nocrynK111 111, 6YAYI.fll1 Ha npaBI1eHHbiM
a Apyrll1e cTpaHbt, He n OABeAeT caoero rocyA apfl, MO)I(HO Ha-
3 btB8Tb C8HOBH111KOM».
10. KOH<f>Y~II1Vl CK83811 0 c e 6e: «}1 n p11106pe11 3H8H11151 OTHIOAb
He OT pO)f(AeHII151. n 111w b 6naroA8P51 111068111 K APeBHOCTII1 111 Ha-
CTOVl'-1111BOCTII1 B y Ye6e 51 nony'-111111 111X>>.
3ap;aHHe 7. Ilepe.n; BaMn c T paHnqKa H3 nyTe-
Boro .n;H eBHHKa e B porreiicKor o rry Tem ecTBeHHHKa, no6I.I-
BaB mero B XVI B . B HMn epMn BeJIH KHx M o r oJIOB. O T
.n;p eBH OCT ii H eKOTOp hle CJIOBa B ,ll;OKyMeH T e CTepJIMC:b.
Ilp o qnTaHTe TeKCT H 3aTIOJIHHTe nponyCKH.
n ocne HeCKOI1b KII1X AHeVI A OBOI1bHO YTOMII1TellbHOrO nyrewe-
CTBII151, KOrAa MHe n p ii1Wil0Cb exaTb Aa>Ke H8 Cn ii1He orpOMHOr O
CI10H8 , Mbl n pll16bll1111 B CTOillii~Y 111M n epll1111 M orollOB .
Ha3 B8HII1e CTP8Hbl npOII130WI10 OT , HO
c aMII1 rocyAapll1 ce6fl TaK He H83btBa iOT. V1MnepaTo p , KOToporo
3AeCb Ha3biB810T - - - - - - - - ' no 111MeHII1 - - - - - -
1113 BeCTeH Aa11eKO 3a npeA ellaMII1 CTpaHbl CBOe lil MYAPOVI n011111 -
TI!IKOVI , HanpaaneHHOVI Ha - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · E ro
3 H810T K8K C1111lbHOrQ 38BOeBaTellfl, KOTOpbiVl CK83811: «n paBII1-
60
62. r enb seerAa AOn~eH erpe M ~Tbe~ K 3asoesa H ~ ~ . ~HaYe er o
eoeeA~ nOAH~Myr npOT~B Hero o py~~e». Ho MYAPOeTb npas~
Tens:~ Bblpa~aere~ npe~e seero s ero BHyrpeHHe~ non~T~Ke ,
AeB~3 Koropo~ - « "
npas~renb noH~Maer, YTO ~Mnep~~ 6yAeT e~nbHOi-1, een~ ero
6YAYT noAAep~IIIB8Tb - -- - - - - -
Ha eso~ er opoHy - - -- - -- -- -- OH npoBell MHOrO
pe<t>opM. MHe Ha3san~ eaMble sa~Hble ~3 H~x. 3 TO ____
- - - - - - - - - - - -· LJenoseK 3TOT Bbl3biB8eT y MeH51
ysa~eH~e 1.-1 esoe~ pen~r~03HO~ non~T~Koi-1, HanpasneHHOi.1 Ha
_________. B ro speMs:t KaK esponeillu,bl 3ansnHan~
ee6s:t ~eeTOK~M ~ pen~ r~03Hb1M~ BOi.1HaM~ , npaB~Tellb ~M -
nep~~ np~3Han see pen ~r~ 111 _ _ _ ____ . KpoMe roro, oH
~3BeeTeH K8K nOKpOB~Tenb ~eKyeeT B, ~ 8 ero np~ABOpHO ~
MaerepeKO~ XYAO~H~K~ e03A3~T npeKpaeHble._______
___________ _____ . 3asrpa MeHS1 orseAyr
so ABOpeu, npas~rens:~ , ~ 5I ys~~ ero eso~M~ rna3aM~.
3 a,ll;auue 8*. ITpoqHTaiiTe 113BJieqeH11.H 113 He-
CKOJibKHX CT11XOTBopeH11H. IIo,n;yMaihe, K KaKoMy Hapo-
ll.Y rrp11Ha.n;nemaT aBTOpbi. IloqeMy 113 Bcero MHoroo6pa-
311.H pacTeH11H rrpe.n;noqTeH11e OT.n;aeTC.H COCHe, 6aM6yKy 11
CJIHBe? T..JTO CHMBOJI113HpyiOT 3T11 pacTeH11.H?
Y n~6~Moro AOMa roA 33 rDAOM
6aM6yK l.-1 eoeHa. V1AeT 8 6eeKOHe4HO~ YepeAe.
3ro 3Ha4~T. Cnasy ~~3H~ noeM
np~WeJl HOBbl~ rOA. V1 BeTpeYaeM ons:tTb HOBbl~ rDA.
Bee a nyHHOM eepe6pe...
0 , een~ 6bl BHOBb POA~Tbe51
CoeHo~ Ha rope!
Jl~Wb nepBbl~ eso~ U,BeTOK
BeeHo~ paeKpoer en~sa,
Ei.1 a M~pe paBHbiX Her!
61
63. 3a.n;auue 9. IIyTewecTBeHHHK, aoii.u;s B xpaM,
YBH,ZJ;eJI Ha,ZJ; ,ZJ;BepSIMH Bhlpe3aHHbiX H3 )J;epeBa Tpex o6e3h-
SIHOK. O,u;Ha H3 HHX 3aKphiBaJia JianaMH rJia3a, .u;pyraSI -
ywH, a TpeThSI - poT. H3o6pameHHe 3aHHTepecoaaJio
nyTeweCTBeHHHKa, H OH cnpOCHJI 3KCKypCOBO,ll,a, 'ITO ORO
03Ha'IaeT. «06e3hSIHKH Bhi pamaiOT O)J;HO H3 llOJIOmeHHH
peJIHrH03HOrO YlJeHHSI>>, - CKa3aJI 3KCKypCOBO,ZJ;.
115 110 125 16 14 116 I rn 13 110 18 121
I,
115 110 125 16 14 116 I rn 119 113 129 126 121 I,
115 110 125 16 14 116 I rn 14 116 13 116 118 132 I.
PacwuQ>pyiiTe TeKCT, 3aMeHHB nH<PPhi 6yKBaMH cor-
Jiacao ux MecTy B pyccKoM aJI<PaBHTe, H Bhi npo'IHTaeTe
3TO noJiomeHHe. HanHmHTe, KaKOe peJIHrH03Hoe yqeaHe
B HeM OTpameHO. IlO'IeMy Bhl TaK ,ZJ;yMaeTe?
3a,n;aHHe 10. IlpO'IHTaHTe OTpbiBOK ll3 KHHrH
aHT'JIHHCKOrO HCTOpHKa XoJIJia, B KOTOpOH aBTOp pHcyeT
o6o6~eHHhiH o6pa3 npe,ZJ;CTaBHTeJISI O,li;HOrO H3 COCJIOBHH
SinoacKoro o6~ecTBa. Ha30BHTe cocJIOBHe, o KOTopoM
H)J;eT pe'Ih•
...OH 6b1J1 no npel-1My~eCTBY Bb1XOAU,eM 1-13 npOBl-1HU,l-1aJ1b-
HOVl apl-1croKpaTl-11-1, nocssnl-1BW1-1M ce6s:~ Aeny opy)l(l-1fl... Ero
a nepsy10 O"tepeAb aaHl-1MMl-1 sonpocb1 aeMnl-1 1-1 Me"ta ...
62
64. no3TOMY OH... B nepsy10 OYepeAb l...eHLt1n TaKLt1e KaYeeTBa, KaK
yMeHLt1e ynpaB115lTb 110WaAbtO, eTpemnb 1.13 11yKa, epa)l(aTbe5l Ha
MeYax 1.1 seeTLt1 3a eo6o~ ntOAe~. OH npeB03HOelt1n npeAaH-
HOeTb, 'leeTb, 6eeeTpawlt1e Lt1 eKpOMHOeTb. nplt1YeM eKpOMHOeTb
nplt13HaBanaeb, nO)I(any~, eaMbiM r11aBHbiM AOeTOLt1HeTBOM, Lt1 He
TOnbKO nOTOMy, YTO OH )I(Lt1n Ha He eT011b ~ 06Lt1nbHble Aapbl
3eM11Lt1, HO nOTOMy, YTO poeKOWb HeOTBpaTLt1MO nplt1BOALt1na K
e11a6oeT1.1 1.1 HeMOW,Lt1. BoT no'leMy OH eYLt1Tan 611ara )I(Lt13Hit1 np1.1
ABope 6eenone3Hb1Mit1... BeAb or 11ero Tpe6osanlt1eb )l(eero-
KOeTb, npHMOTa 1.1 npe)l(,l],e seero AeiileTslt1e... OH )I(Lt1n eyposoiil
1.1 ALt1e~~n11Lt1HLt1posaHHOii1 )I(Lt13Hbl0, no11HOeTbtO nOAYLt1H5l5l ee6H
nplt1Ka3aM Lt1 BOne BbiWeeTOHW,Lt1X.
3a,ZJ;8HHe 11. IJpo~IHTaihe OIIHC8HHe Tp8,ll;HIJ;HH,
Jiema~HX B ocHoBe mH3HH KH:TaiicKOH ceMbH. KaK Ha-
3hlBaeTC.H 06I.I.J;eCTBO, rAe cy~eCTBOBaJIH TaKHe CeMMI?
rnasa eeMblt1 ynpasnHeT eaOLt1Mit1 AeTbMLt1 , MnaAWLt1Mit1
6paTb5lMLt1 111 seeMI-1 YneHaMI-1 eeMeiilersa, paenpeAen 5leT Me)I(-
AY Hli1Mii1 065l3aHHOeTii1 (KOMy 3aBeAOBaTb aM6apOM, KyxHe~ ,
np111enyroii1 , eaAOM Lt1 T. n .), Ha3Ha'laeT 3aHHTii1H (KOMY YTO eAe-
naTb s re'leHLt1e AH5l), Aaer 111M see Heo6xOA111MOe (nponLt1TaHLt1e,
OA8)1(,l],y 111 np.). YneHbl eeMeiileTBa Hl-1 B KOeM e11yyae He MOryT
AelileTBOBaTb no esoeMy yeMOTp8Hif110, HO 060 seeM A011)1(Hbl
AOKilaAbiBaTb rnase eeMbl-1 111 noerynaTb eor11aeHo ero sone.
CbiHOBbfl ,., )l(eHbl He Moryr Lt1MeTb eo6eraeHHOro lf1Myw.eersa:
see, YTO 0Hif1 B eoeTOflHI-1111 np11106peeT111, AOn)I(HO 6b1Tb OTAaHO
X03fllf1HY (OTI...y); KOrAa OHI-1 XOTflT BOen011b30BaTbefl YeM-nl-160
1113 AOMaWHero li1Myw,eeTBa, TO A011)1(Hbl nonyYii1Tb Ha TO n03B0-
11eHif1e OT~a ; no esOeMy yeMOTpeHLt110 0Hif1 He MOryT Hlt1Yero Hlt1
AaBaTb noeTOpOHHii1M, Hl-1 nplf1Hit1MaTb OT Hlt1X.
3a npOTif1BOAeiileTBII1e POAif1Ten5lM 3aKoH Kapan eypoao:
«nOABepr aeTeH eMepTHOiil Ka3Hii1 Yepe3 paeeeYeHii1e Ha YaeTI-1
TOT, KTO YAaPLt1T esoero OT~a lf1nli1 MaTb, AeAa 1.111111 6a6KY no OT-
~y , paBHO KaK 111 Ka)l(,l],aH )l(eHW,Ii1Ha, KOTOpaH YAapli1T esoero
eseKpa Lt1111f1 eaeKpOBb, AeAa lf1nli1 6a6Ky M~a no OTI...Y"· TaM )l(e
8 3aKOHe 6blnO 3anLt1eaHO: <<CbiH 111111f1 AOYb, e110BeeHO OeKop6-
11fliOW,Ii1e OTI...a ~111.1 MaTb, BHYK 111n1-1 BHYYKa, OeKOp6nRIOW,Lt1e Ae-
Aa 1.1n111 6a6Ky no OT~y, )l(eHW,Lt1Ha , OeKop6m~IOW,afl eseKpa Lt1nlt1
eseKpOBb, AeAa 1.1n1.1 6a6Ky no OTI...Y, nOABepratOTefl eMepTHOiil
Ka3Hif1 Yepe3 YAYWeHLt1e, ee111f1 oeKOp611eHHOe 111.1~0 enbiWano
OeKOp61f1Te11bHble enosa lf1 06paTif1110eb K snaeTRM e )l(aJ1060ii1».
63
65. Ysa)f(eH~e K CTapwli1M Hawno csoe Bblpa)f(eHII1e B ps:~Ae ~3-
peYeH~Iil: «CTapW1!11/1 YeJlOBeK B CeMbe - COKPOB~~e»; «EC11111
B CeMbe eCTb CTapeu. - 3HaY~T. B CeMbe eCTb OnbiT»; «8 pa3-
rosope co cTapw~M HY)f(HO noH~)I(aTb ronoc, He AOnycKaTb
Hes:!CHbiX CJlOB. KorAa CTapw~l/1 BCTaeT, M/laAW1111/1 He A011)f(eH
C~AeTb; KOrAa CTapw1111/1 C~A~T, MllaAW~I/1 He A0Jl)l(eH CaA111Tb-
Cs:!, eC/1111 eMy He CKa)l(eT CTapw~l/1».
3a,IJ.aHHe 12. 06'bSICHHTe TepMHHbl.
XapaKHPH
By,a;,a;a -
AMaT9pacy
MoroJI
C:Hrra:H
Bor,ZJ;hiXaH
3a,IJ.aHHe 13. EcJIH Bhl rrpaBHJibHO pa3ra,a;aeTe
KpOCCBOp,a;, TO ITO BepTHKaJIH B Bhi,ZJ;eJieHHbiX KJieTO'tiKaX
rrpoqHTaeTe noHSITHe. PacKpoiiTe ero cym;HOCTb.
1
2
1
3
l 4
5
I I6
7
1. HaasaHHe caMypa:i:icKoro Ko,a;eKca qecTH. 2. ,[(HHaCTHH
BOeHHbiX n p aBHTeJieH 5JIIOHHH, npHme,a;WHX K BJiaCTH
B HaqaJie XVII a . 3. CaMaH ,ZJ;pesHSIH peJIHI'HH HrroHn;es.
4. T HTYJI soeHHoro npaBHTeJISI B .HnoHHH. 5. H cTopHqec-
64
66. KH CJIOR<HBIIIHeC.H H nepe~aBaeMhle H3 IIOKOJieHH.H B no-
KOJieHHe 06hltiaH, HOpMhl IIOBe~eHH.H, B3rJIH~bl, BKYCbi
H T. ~· 6 . .HnOHCKHH HapO~HbiH TeaTp. 7. .HrrOHCI<Oe H a-
3BaHHe KHH3eH.
3a,IJ;aHHe 14. 3arroJIHHTe cxeMy.
I •3aKpbiTHe• KHTajl B I'O.D.Y
I
~ ~
Ilpll'IHHbl llOCJJe .IJ;CTBHjl
3a,IJ;aune 15. HanHIIIHTe, qTo 3HaqHJio:
a) 3arrpem;eHHe MHCCHOHepCKOH ~e.HTeJibHOCTH; 6) Kapa-
TeJihHbie ~eHCTBHSI IIpOTHB XpHCTHRH B CBOeH CTpaHe;
B) 3arrpew;eHne BB03a eBponeiicKoii JIHTepaTyphi; r) 3a-
npeT R<HTeJISIM cTpaHbi BhieamaTb 3a rpaHH:u,y; ~) orpa-
HRqeHHe TOprOBJJH C HHOCTpRHIJ,RMH.
65
67. 3ap;aHHe 16. Bhi y.me 3HaeTe o MHOrHx Tpa,u;H-
IJ,H.HX, cyrn;ecTBOBaBIIIHX B .HnoHHH B XVI- XVIII BB.
KaKOH rep6 MOr 6bi llO,ll;OHTH ,D;JISI 3TOH CTp8Hhl, KaKOH
,D;eBH3? HapHcyi1:Te 3CKH3 rep6a H HanHIIIHTe Bam BapH-
aHT ,D;eBH3a.
3a,[l;aHHe 17. YCTaHOBHTe COOTBeTCTBHe Me.>KAY
,D;aTOH H C06biTHeM. B Ta6JIHII.Y BTIHIIIHTe 6yKBbl Bbi6paH-
HhiX B8MH OTBeTOB.
1. 1526 J'.
2. 1542 J'.
3. 1644 r.
4. 1690 r .
5. 1739 r .
6. 1757 r .
1 2
66
A. CTpOHTeJihCTBO aHrJIHqaHaMH
yKpenJieHHoro ropo,D;a KaJihKYTThi
B. BTopmeHHe B liHAHIO Ba6ypa
B. YTBepm,D;eHHe B KHTae MaHbq-
.mypcKOH )J;HHaCTHH Il;HH
r. llepBOe rrpH6hiTHe TIOpTyraJihiJ,eB
B .5JIIOHHIO
,n;. <<3aKphiTHe•> KHTa.H
E. Pa3rpa6JieHHe ,ll;eJIH rrepcH,D;CKHMH
BoiicKaMH
3 4 5 6
68. TecTOBbte 3CJAaHMSI K § 28- 30
1. B LI OepHTe npaBHJibHLIH OTBeT.
1.1. AarJnit~aae 3axBaTHJIH BeHra;nuo, liTO nono.>KHJIO
Hal:laJIO CHCTeMaTHl:leCKOMY 3aBOeBaHHIO BCeH CTpaHLJ B:
a) 1526 r.; 6) 1739 r.; B) 1757 r.
1.2. Po.u,HHOH 6y.u,.u,H3Ma HBJI.aeTc.H:
a) KHTaii; 6) HH.U,HH; B) .HnoHHH.
1.3. HaHBLicruero pacn;BeTa HMnepH.a BeJIHKHX MoronoB
)J;OCTHrJia npH:
a) H a,n;Hp-maxe; 6) Ba6ype; B) AK6ape.
1.4. CaMypaHCKHH KO.U,eKc t.IeCTH Ha3hiBaJICSI:
a) .u,aii:Me; 6) 6yCH,li,O; B) ceryHaT.
1.5. ITo cpopMe npaBJieHHH II;HHCKHH KHTaii: B XVII-
XVIII BB. .HBJISIJICH:
a) .U,eCllOTHeH; 6) pecny6JIHKOH; B) orpaHHl:leHHOH MOHap-
XI1eH.
2. Cornacubl Jill BLI co cn e.u.ywm;HMH yruepm.u.eaJUIMII?
2.1. IIpHHII;Hn KpyroBoii: nopyKH - OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh
ceJibCKOH o6~HHhl 3a TIOCTYIIKH BCeX ee l:IJieHOB (.u,a;
HeT).
2.2. H a HH3illeH CTyrreHH COCJIOBHOH JieCTHHII;hi B .flrro-
HHH CTOSIJIH KpeCTb.HHe (.u,a; HeT).
2.3. IIpaBJieHHe ceryHOB ,li,HHaCTHH ToKyraBa rrpOXO,li,HJIO
llO,ll, .U,eBH30M «MHp ,li,JISI BCeX~ (.u,a; HeT).
3. l.fTo SIBJIReTCSI JIHWHJIM B pSJAY?
3.1. a) CaMypaH; 6) KpeCThSIHe; B) KYIIII;hl; r) cerya;
A) peMecJieHHHKH.
3.2. a) KoHcpyu;HaHCTBO; 6) CHHTOH3M; B) Ka6yKH; ,D;) 6y.u,-
,li,H3M.
4. ITo KaKOII Y npHHIJ;Hny o6pa3oBaB pSJA?
a) MoHrOJIHH; 6) rocy.u,apCTBO ylirypoB; B) BOCTOl:IHaH
qacTh TH6eTa.
67
69. 5. CrpynrrHpyiiTe no onpep;eJieHHbiM np113HaKaM.
a) 3eMJUI rrpYIHa,n;Jie.mHT rocyp;apcTBy; 6) ,n;epeBeHcKaR o6-
I.IJ;YIHa; B) ToKyraBa; r) cocJioBHbiH cTpo:H:; .n;) BeJIYIKHe
MorOJihl; e) Il;YIH; .m) nepepacrrpe.u;eJieHHe 3eMeJib.
6. 3ap;aHHe C pa3BepHYTLIM OTBeTOM.
IlpO"'!HTaHTe OTpblBKH 113 HCTOpll"'!eCKYIX HCTO"'IHHKOB H
OTBeThTe Ha BOIIpOCbl.
OnHcaHHH Y. XeilcTHBrca,
nepBoro reuepaJI-ry6epHaTopa 6pHTaBCKHX BJia.a;eHHH
B HH,a;HH (BeuraJIHH)
0 pe3yJihTaTax CTpamHoro roJio.u;a, rropa3HBmero 3TH
rrpOBHH~HH (BeHraJIHH) B 1770 I'. H CBHpeiiCTBOBaBIIIero
TaM ~eJihiH I'O,ll;, BaM 6biJIO H3BeCTHO H3 HaiiiHX rrpe .m-
HHX coo6:rn;eHni1:... O.u;HaKo pe3yJihTaThi roJio,!l;a He cKa3a-
JIHCh Ha ,ll;OXO,ZJ;aX H COBCeM He•IyBCTBHTeJibHbi, pa3Be "'ITO
,D;JIR TeX, C KOI'O ,ZJ;OXO,ZJ; C06HpaiOT. HeCMOTpR Ha IIOTepiO
ITO KpaHHeH Mepe TpeTH HaCeJieHHR IIpOBHH~liH ll COKpa-
:rn;eHHR B03,D;eJibi BaeMOH 3eMeJibHOH IIJIOI.IJ;a,D;H, B 1771 r.
pa3Mep "<IHCToro .u;oxo,n;a rrpeBhiCYIJI .u;oxo.n; 1768 r •
•••EcTeCTBeHHO 6biJIO O.mH,u;aTb, "'ITO CTOJib BeJIHKOe 6e,n;-
CTBHe IIpHBe,u;eT TaK.me K COKpa:rn;eHHIO ,li;OXO,D;OB. 3TOI'O
He IIpOH30IIIJIO TOJibKO BCJie,D;CTBHe IlpUMeHeHHR HaCHJib-
CTBeHHbiX MeTO,ll;OB c6opa HaJIOI'OB.
6.1. 0 KaKOM rrepno,n;e U3 UCTOpHH lfH,ZJ;HH I'OBOpYITCR
B rrpHBe,u;eHHOM OTpbiBKe?
6.2. 0 KaKHX MeTO,D;ax yrrpaBJieHHR aHI'JIHHCKOH a,u;MH-
HHCTpai.J;HH B BeHraJIHH MO.mHo cy,n;HTh rro co.u;ep*aHHIO
IIpYIBe,ll;eHHOI'O HCTO"'IHYIKa?
68
70. 6.3. K aKOe CY*AeHHe MO*HO CcPOPMYJIHpOB8Tb 06 OTHO-
rueHH.HX Mem,ll;y A HI'JIH eH H liH,li;HeH H8 OCHOBe rrpHBe-
,ll;eBHOI'O TeKCT 8?
Ha o6BHHHTem.uoii peqH 3. BepKa ua cy.z.e
OLIBmero reuepaJI-ry6epuaTopa HJmJtH
Y. XeiicTHHrca B naJiaTe o6m;Hu
0 eoccmaH.uu KpecmbflH 6 PaHznype e 1782 z.
06~eH3BeCTHO, 'ITO HH~eTa npeo6Jia,D;8eT Me*AY
KpecTh.HHaMH P 8Hrnypa ( oKpyr ,l.J;HHa,D;*rryp), B03MO*HO,
B 60JihllieH CTeneHH, 'leM B JII060H ,IJ;pyrOH t.I8CTH CTpa-
Hbl. 0 HH pe)J;KO BJia)J;eiOT KaKH M - JIH60 HMy~eCTBOM, 38
HCKJIIO'leHHeM TOI'O BpeMeHH, KOI',/J;8 C06Hp8IOT ypomaH.
A B APYrHe apeMeHa OHH c TPYAOM ,li;OCTaiOT ce6e npo-
IIHTaHHe. H 3TO npHt.IHH8 TOro, "t:ITO T8Koe 60Jibruoe Ko-
JIHtteCTBO ux 6bi JIO yueceHo roJio,n;oM ... KpecTh.HHHH 6biJI
pa3MOJIOT B npax Mem,D;y pOCTOB~HKOM BHH3y H yrHeT8-
TeJieM H8Bep xy. B ech ypomaii cTpaHhi 6hiJI O,li;HOBpeMeH-
HO 6pomeH Ha pbiHOK. P hiHOK 6biJI rreperroJIHeH, H I.I,eHa
aepHa yrraJI8 ,/J;O
1
/ 5 06hit.IHOH CTOHMOCTH. Ypom a:H HC'le3,
HO ,li;OJII'H OCT8JIHCb... IJpo)J;a.iKa opy,IJ;HH KpeCT h.HHCKOI'O
Tpy,D;a nocJie,/J;OBaJI8 3 8 rrpo,~J;ame:H rroceBHOro aepHa H
CKOT8. BbiJIH CJIY"'li8H, KOI',ll;a KpeCTb.HH, He HMeBlliHX HH-
'-Iero aa ,~J;ywoii, Ta~HJIH H3 cy,ll;a K HX ,li;OM8M, 'lT06bi
OHH BH,ll;eJIH, K8K HX ,li;OCTO.HHHe CHa'laJia rpa6.HT, a no-
TOM cmHraroT... KpecTh.HHe 6pocaJIH HecmaThiH ypom8ii
B rroJie. H8po,ll; 6em8JI H3 rrpe.n;eJIOB rrpoBHHI.I,HH, Ho 6aH-
,/J;hi COJI,li;8T 38H.HJIH BCe ,/J;OpOI'H H BbiXO,IJ;bl 113 IIpOBIIHI.I,I1H
11 rrorHaJIH 3TI1X HeC'l8CTHhiX ..• B TIOphMy ••. He HMeSI
B03MOmHOCTI1 TeprreTh, OHI1 6emaJII1 B ryCTbie JieCa•••
Hm;a rrocJie,n;Hero crraceHH.H B opym11H, C8 MaSI c rroKoii-
H a.H, C8M8.H II8CCHBH8.H H CaMaSI 60.H3Jli1B8SI 113 'leJIOBe'le-
CKI1X p8c no,n;II.HJI8Cb Ha sceo6III;ee BoccTaHI1e. BoccTaHI1e
Ha'laJIOCh B PaHrrrype 11 cKopo pacrrpocTpa HI1JIO CBOH
OI'OHb H8 COCe,li;HHe rrpOBI1HI.I,HH, KOTOphle B03 MYTHJI TOT
*e qeJioBeK H Te me yrHeTeHR.H .
69
71. 6.4. KaKHe cym.u.eHHSI o rrpH't!HHax 6e.u.cTBeaaoro nono-
mea:aSI KpeCTbSIH B I1H,li.HH Bbl MOmeTe BbiCK838Tb?
6. 5. KaK rroBJIHSIJIO aar;m:iicKoe KOJIOHII8JibHoe rocrro.u.-
CTBO B I1H,li.HH H8 IIOJIOmeHHe HH,li.HHCKOrO KpeCTbSIH-
CTBa?
6.6. KaKHe cymp;eHHSI IIO IIOBO,li.Y TOrO, qTo 6pHT8HCK8SI
nanaTa o6ru;HH cy.u.Hna 6h1BIIIero reaepan-ry6epHaTopa
I1H.U.HH Y. XeiicTHHrca 3a er o MeTO,lJ.bl ynpaaneHHSI B Ha-
,li.HH, Bbl MOmeTe CcpOpMyJIHpOB8Tb?
72. BonpOCbl AIUI noaTopeHMSI Kypca
1. 3anOJIHHTe CHHXpOHHCTH'IeCKYlO Ta6JIHD,y <<0CHOB-
Hble co6biTHR MHPOBOH HcTopHH XVI- XVIII BB. •>.
BeK Espona A Mep»Ka A 3 lUI
XVI
XVII
71
74. BonpocLI ,l(oun;:cycTpnaJJLHoe Tpa)J.uu,nouuoe
)J.JJH cpanueuttH 06to;eCTBO 06UieCTBO
0Tnomeaue
K TeXHlPieCKOMy
nporpeccy
Ilonomeuue
'leJJoBeKa
B 06lll,eCTBe
Opramtaa~JUI
BJI3CTH
I
I
0TnomeHHe
It C06CTBeHHOCTli
0Tnomeuue I
K npupo,!J;e
I
'
73
75. 5. IJpO'tiHTai:i:Te BhiCK83hiB8HH.H IlOJIHT HqecKHX .n;e.HTe-
JieH, BbipamaiDID;Me MX npe.n;CT8BJieHM.H 0 CMCTeMe IlOJIM-
TMqecKOH BJI8CTM. Ha30BHTe aBTopoB ,ZJ;aHHhlx cym.n;eHMii.
Onpe.n;eJIHTe, CTOPOHHHKaMH KaKoi1: <f>opMhi npaBJieHM.H
OHM .HBJI.HIOTC.H.
<• Bhl ,l.l,yMaJIH, rocrro.n;a, qTo rocy,ZJ;apcTBO - oTO Bbi?
focy.n;apCTBO -- oTO .H~ .
<<TOJibKO B O,ll;HOH Moeii oco6e rrpe6biB8eT KOpOJieBCK8.H
BJiaCTb. Becb o6w;ecTBeHHbiH nop.H,n;OK so seeM ero o6'b-
eMe HCXO,ll;MT OT MeHSI, MHTepeCbl M IlpaBa H8U,l:IM -- BCe
3,D;eCb, B MOeH pyRe>> .
<•rocy,ZJ;apb - OTeU. H M8Th Hapo.n;a. BCSIKMH, CJiymaw;Mii
rocy,ZJ;apiO, 3H8THhiH HJIH He3H8THhiH, 6or8ThiH HJIH 6e.n;-
HhiH, HM IIpH K8KHX o6CTO.HTeJihCTB8X CBOeH :>KM3HM
He ,D;OJIJKeH BOCCT8B8Tb IlpOTMB rocy.n;ap.H>> · - - - - - - - -
<• B MOeM JIHU.e Bor HHCIIOCJiaJI BaM 6JiarocnoBeHHe. 51 --
Mym, a BeCh OCTpOB -- MO.H 38KOHH8.H :>KeHa. 5I -- PJI8-
B8, a OCTpOB -- MOe TeJIO. 5I -- II8CTbipb, a OCTpOB --
<<Moeii rrepBOH r:r.eJibiO 6bJJIO BeJIM'l!He KOpOJI.H, MOeii BTO-
poif u;eJibiD 6biJIO MOryrn;eCTBO rocy.n;apCTB8>>.
6. IIpo'tiHTaH:Te cym,ZJ;eHHSI, pacKphiBaiDw;He OTHOIIIe-
HMe HCTOpHqecKHX ,D;eSITeJieii K peJIMrHH. KoMy OHH npH-
Ha.n;nemaT? Orrpe,D;eJIHTe xapaKTep OTHOIIIeHHSI K peJIM-
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6 b1JIO, ero CJie,D;OBaJIO 6hl Bhl,D;yMaTb». - - - - - - - - -
<•Ile o6xo.D;HMO, tiT06bl Bepa B Bora 6b1Jia HaCTOJibKO Be-
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A hi HCT OpHqeCKHX AeHTeJieH Ha JIY"'IIIIIie, C HX TO"'IKH
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A hi aTHX JIJO.D;eH:?
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C6 JIU3bT e KpaftHHe CTyiieHH H8CKOJibKO 3 T O B 0 3M0)KHO;
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75
77. «,I1;JUI TOI'O 1IT06hi IIO,D;II.HTh rocy,n;apCTBO C C8MOH HI13KOR
CTyrreHH BapaapCTBa ,ll;O BhiCmei{ CTyiieHH 6JI8I'OCOC'I'OH-
HH.H, HY.iKHhi JIHillh MHp, JierKne HaJiorn n TeprrHMOCTh
B yrrpaBJieHHH; BCe OCTaJihHOe C,D;eJiaeT ecTeCTBeHHhiM XOA
aem;eii•>.
8. Bhi6epnTe rrpaBHJihiihi H OTBeT.
8.1. PecpopMa:u;n.H - no:
a) ,ll;BH>KeHne 38 rrepeycTpoiicTBO :u;epKBH; 6) IIOJlllTUKa
IIpOBe,D;eHIUI CBeTCKHX pe(pOpM B o6m;ecTBe.
8.2. A6COJIIOTI13M - ::>TO:
a) ITOJIH8H yaepeHHOCTh B npaBUJlhHOCTll ITpllHHThiX pe-
meHHH; 6) cpOpMa npaBJieHHH, np11 KOTOpoi{ BepXOBH8H
BJiaCTh HeorpaHntieHHO npnHa,D;Jie>KHT O,ll;HOMY JIH:U:Y.
8.3. MepKaHTHJIH3M - 3To:
a) 3KOHOMHtieCKOe yqeHne H 3KOHOMHtieCKa.H IIOJIHTHKa,
CtiHTaiOI.U;8H, tiTO OCHOBHYIO cpopMy 6oraTCTBa COCTaBJIH-
IOT :u;eHHhle MeTaJIJihl H tiTO OT HX 06HJIHH 38BHCHT npo-
D;BeTaHHe rocy,D;apcTaa; 6) yqeHne, c1:mTarom;ee, tiTO 6o-
raTCTBO I'OCy,D;apCTB8 3aBHCHT OT BeJIH"l!HHhl erO TeppHTO-
pllH 11 HaCeJieHHJI.
8.4. Hoaoe ,n;aopHHCTBo - 3To:
a) ,li;BOpHHe, npH06peTaiOm;He ,li;BOpHHCKHe TlfTYJibi 38
,D;eHhi'H; 6) ,li;BOpHHe, rrpnMeHHBilllle B X03HHCTBe HaeM-
HhiH Tpy,n; H npeapaTHBillHeCH B npe,D;npHHHMaTeJieH-
KaiiHTaJIIfCTOB.
8.5. KanHTaJIH3M - 3To:
a) o6m;eCTBO, OCHOBaHHOe Ha ti8CTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH H
pbiHO"l!HOM X03HHCTBe; 6) o6m;eCTBO, r,n;e aKTHBHO ,n;eif-
CTBYIOT 6Hp>KH H 68.HKH.
8.6. <<CnaceHHe aepoi-i •> - 3To:
a) Ha3aaHHe yqeHRH MapTHHa JlroTepa; 6) npHae,n;eHHe a
HcnoJIHeHne npHroaopa HHKBH3H:U:HH - commeHne epe-
THKOB.
8.7. IlOJIHTH"l!eCKHM HJIH BOeHHhiH COI03 rocy,n;apCTB ,D;Jl.H
COBMeCTHhiX ,D;eHCTBHH - 3TO:
a) pe3H,D;eHD;HH; 6) K08JIHD;HH; B) IOpHC,ll;HK:U:HH.
76
78. 8.8. PeJIHrHo3IIoe yq:eHHe, He rrpH3Harow;ee MOHarnecTsa:
a) KaTOJI1UI,H3M; 6) rrpOTeCTaHTH3M; B) rrp8BOCJI8BHe.
8.9. IlpOH3Be.ll,eHHe, OITHChiB8101l.(ee CrrpaBe.li,JIHBOe, HO
HeC6biTOt.JHOe 06~eCTBO:
a) <}JaHTaCTHKa; 6) YTOITHSI; B) rraCTOpaJib.
8.10. liKOHo6opt.JecKoe .li.BHJKeHHe B HH.ll,epJiaH.ll,ax
3TO:
a) rrpoTeCT8HTCKoe .li.BHJKeHHe 3a yHHt.JTomeHHe s xpaMax
HKOH H .li.PYI'HX rrpe,n.MeTOB KYJihTa; 6) II8pO.li,HOe .li,BHJKe-
HHe IIpOTHB MOHaCTblpeH C II,eJihiO 3aXBaTa MOHaCTbip-
CKHX 3eMeJib,
8.11. IIepsaSI esporreiicKaSI cTpaHa, r.ll,e 6hiJia .li.OCTHrHy-
Ta cBo6o.ll,a BepoHcrrose.ll,aHHSI:
a) McrraHHSI; 6) AHrJIHR; B) ct>paHII,HR; r) roJIJI8H.lJ.HR.
8.12. <•JKHTh 6e.li,HhiM, l.JT06bl yMepeTb 6oraTbiM >>
H.ll,eaJI:
a) KaTOJIHKOB; 6) rrpOTeCTaHTOB; B) rrpaBOCJiaBHhiX.
8.13. B XVI s. 3arra.li,H8R Esporra oKa3aJiaCh pacKOJIOTOH
ITO peJIHI'H03HOMy rrpH3HaKy Ha:
a) K8TOJIHKOB H rrpaBOCJ18BHhiX; 6) KaTOJIHKOB H rrpOTec-
T8HTOB; B) KaTOJIHKOB H MYCYJihMaH.
8.14. IIepBaSI o6w;eesporrei1:cKaSI BORHa - no:
a) Boi1Ha 38 HcrraHcKoe H8CJie.lJ.CTBo; 6) TpH.lJ.IJ.8TuJieTIISIR
BOHHa; s) CeMMJieTHSISI BOi1Ha.
8.15. Y6em.ll,eHHe B TOM, t.JTO 6oJihrnyro poJib B pa3BHTHH
06~eCTBa HI'p8CT KOHKypeHII,HSI, BhiCK83hiBaJI:
a) BoJibTep; 6) A. CMHT; B) T. Mop; r) Ill. MoaTeCKhe.
8.16. Yt.JeHHe o ecTeCTBeHHhiX rrpHpOJK.ll,eHHbiX rrpaBax
t.JeJioBeKa pa3pa6oTaJI:
a) <f>. B:moH; 6) Y. rapBe:H; B) ,z:t;m. JlOKK; r) P. )J,eKapT.
8.17. Yt.Jemte o pa3.li,CJICHHH snacTeii pa3pa6oTaJI:
a) ct>. B3KOH; 6) H. HbroToH; B) ,ll;m. JloKK; r) P. )J,e-
KapT.
8.18. JI:wrepaTypHblM repoii, KOTOpbiH, K8K Ji ero C03.ll,a-
TeJib, << BhiliiY':IHB8Jl r JIYITD;OB, He po6eJI rrepe.ll, 3JlhiMH,
CMeRJICSI CBOeM HI11II,CTe>>, HO IIHKOI'.ll,8 He IIPO.li.8B8JI CBO-
ero t.JeJIOBe':leCKOI'O .li,OCTOHHCTBa:
a) ryJIJIHBep ; 6) <l>Hrapo; B) Po6HH30H; r) <t>aycT.
77
79. 8.19. «IleBeU, TpeTberO COCJIOBIUI>> B )KHBOIUICH:
a) <I>. Byrne; 6) Y. XorapT; a) A. BaTTO.
8.20. 0AHR H3 pyKOBOAIITeJie:H ABHmeHHR pa3pymHTeJie:i1:
MamiiH B AHrJJHR:
a) P. ApKpa:HT; 6) A . ,JJ,ap6H; a) H. Jly.n;A; r) )1,. YmiKHH-
coH.
8.21. IlpoH3BeAeHHRM KaKoro XYAOmHIIKa XVIII cToJie-
THR )J,eHII )J,HAPO AaJI TaKYIO xapaKTepHCTHKy: <~KaKHe
KpacKH! KaKoe pa3Hoo6pa3He! KaKoe 6or aTCTBO rrpeAMe-
TOB H MbiCJieMI Y STOrO "t:JeJIOBeKa eCTb BCe, 3a HCKJIJOqe-
HIIeM IICTHHbi... q TO 38 CBaJIKa pa3HOPOAHhi X npeAMeTOB!
qyBCTByemb BCIO ee 6eCCMbiCJieHHOCTb, II TipH BCeM TOM
HeJib3.H OTOpBaTbC.H OT KapTHHhl. 0Ha BaC npHT.HrHBaeT,
II HeBOJibHO B03Bpa~aellibC8 K HeM•>?
a) m. JI. ,JJ,aBHA; 6) A. BaTTO; B) m. B. c. IIIapAeH;
r) ct>. Byrne; A) Y. XorapT.
8.22. KaKoe JIHTepaTypHoe rrpOH3Bep;eHHe snoxH IlpocBe-
~eHIIH HarroJieoH Ha3BaJI <~ peaoJIIOIJ;He:H B AeMCTBHH •>?
a) <•IlprrKJiroqeHHH Po6HH30Ha Kpy3o •>; 6) <•meHHTb6a
<l>llrapo>>; B) «Pa360MHHKH>>; r) <•<l>ayCT».
8 .23. ,U:JIH TOrO qTo6bl K TipOCBeTHTeJibCKHM HAeHM, BO-
TIJIO~eHHbiM B rrpOH3BeAeHH.HX HCKYCCTBa, TIOJIY"<IHJIIi
,LJ;OCTyrr lliHPOKHe CJIOH HaCeJieHH.H1 K TeXHHKe rpaBIOpbi
o6paTHJIC.H:
a) B. A . Mou;apT; 6) ,U:m. CBHq)T; B) m. JI. ,U:aBH,D;;
r) Y. XorapT; A) BoMapme.
9. CorJiaCHbi JIH Bbi co cJie,LJ;yiO~HMH yTBepmAeHH.HMH?
9.1. BoiiHa 3a He3aBHCHMOCTb B aHrJIIIMCKHX KOJIOHHRX
B CeBepHoii AMepHKe 6biJia HaD;HOHaJibHo-ocao6op;HTeJib-
HOM (,LJ;a; HeT).
9.2. B cBoeii cTpaHe BeJIHKaH <l_)paHu,y3CKa.H peBOJIIOD;HR
YHIIqTO)KHJI8 CTapbiM nopH,lJ;OK (p;a; HeT).
9.3. Ilpou,ecc 06MHp~eHHH C03H8HII.H 3aKJIIO'tlaJIC.H B
TOM, qTo 'tleJioBeK CTaJI ,LJ;yMaTb He TOJihKO o 6omecTBeH-
HOM, HO H 0 3eMHOH, MHpCKOH )KH3HH (Aa; HeT).
9.4. Ilpou;ecc 06MHp~eHH.H C03H8HH.H 3aKJIIO'tlaJICH B
TOM, 'tiTO JIIO,li;H CT8JIH CTpeMHTbC.H pelli8Th KOHcpJIHKTHbie
78
80. sorrpocbi He nyTeM BOHH, a n y T eM M H p H hiX nep erosopos
(.n;a; HeT).
9.5. Ayrc6yprcKHH peJm:rH03HbiH MHP aaKperrH JI noJIH -
TJPiecKyro pa3,ll;p 06JieHHOCTh f epMa.HH H, q T o H a,li;OJITO 3a-
TOp M03HJIO rrpo~ecc C03,ll;aHHH e,li;HHOI'O Ha~HOHaJibHOI'O
rocy.n;apcTsa (.n;a; HeT) .
9.6. no ycJIOBHHM A yrc6 yprCKOI'O p eJIHI'H03HOI'O M:Hp a
KaTOJIHq ecTBO H npOTecTaHTCTBO npH3HaBaJIHCh paBHO-
rrpaBHhi MH (.n;a; HeT).
9. 7. n o ycJIOBHHM Ayrc6yprcKoro peJIHI'H03HOI'O M H pa
rrpaBO orrpe,ll;eJIHTh peJIHI'HIO IIO,ll;,li;8H HhiX rrpe,li;OCTa BJIH-
JIOCh TOJibKO KHH3h.HM (.n;a; HeT) .
9.8. ITo ycJIOBHHM A y r c6yprcKoro peJIHI'H03Horo MHpa
Ka)K,ll;bl H .iKHTeJib f epMaHHH TIOJiyt!HJI rrp aBO C8MOCTOH -
TeJihHO Bhi6Hpa TD peJIH I'HIO (,ll;a; HeT).
9.9. TipoTeKTopaT KpoMBeJIH c rroco6cTBOBaJI ycTaHOBJie-
HHIO B AHrJIHH KJiaccoBoro MHpa, rrpeKpai.IJ;eHHIO K p ecTb-
HHCKHX BOJIHeHHH H BhiCTYIIJieHHH pO.HJIHCTOB (,ll;a; H eT).
10. B epHhl JIM cJie,ll.yiOI.IJ;He cym,~J;eHHH?
10.1. E,n;HHhi H MHpOBOH pbiHOK CTaJI CKJia,ll;biBaTbCH 6Jia-
l'O,ll.apH: a) OBJia,ll;eHHIO eBpone:H~aMH 6oJiee ,li;OCTOBep Hbi-
MH aHaHHHMH; 6 ) BeJIHKHM reorpaqm qecKHM oTKPhiTH -
HM H ocBoeHHIO MHp osoro oKeaH a.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; BepHhi o6a cym,n;eHH H; o6a cym.n;eHHH
HeBepHhi.
10.2. 0 6 ycrrexax p biHOqHOI'O X03H HCTBa B eBp oneHCKH X
c TpaHax B XVI- XVII BB . CBH,ll.eTeJib CTBOBaJio: a ) p aaBH -
THe BHyTpeHHeH H Me.m,n;yHapO,lJ;HOH TOp l'OBJIH; 6) orpa-
H H qeHHe npOH3BO,li;CTBa TOBap OB ~eXOBhiMH yCT8B 8MH.
B epHo a ; BepHo 6; BepHhi o 6a CY*,ll;eHH H ; o 6 a cy.m.n;eHHH
HeBep Hbi .
10.3. 0 pa3BHTHH K8TIHTaJIH3Ma BO <l>paH~HH CBH,ll;eTeJib -
CTBYIOT: a) pa3BHT:He a6COJIIOTH3Ma; 6 ) p a3BH THe MBH y-
QlaKTypHOI'O npOH3BO,li;CTB8.
B e p Ho a ; BepHo 6; BepHhi o6a cy.m;:t;eHHH; o6a c y .m.n;eHHH
HeBep Hbl.
10.4. K aJihBHH H3M : a ) oTseq aJI H ,ll;eaJiaM ropo.ma H H
rrp e,n;TipH HHMaTeJieH 3IIOXH 38p0)K,ll;eHHH KaiiHTaJIHCT H -
79
81. 'leCKOI'O X03SIHCTBa; 6) OTBe'laJI HHTepecaM KpyrrHOI'O
,ZJ;BOpSIHCTBa B :moxy pa3JIOmeHI1SI Tpa,ZJ;HII,HOHIIOI'O 06~e
CTBa.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; BepHbi o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eHHSI
HeBepHhl.
10.5. B pe3yJioTaTe «CJiaBHOH peBOJIIOII,HH>> B AHr JIHH
rrapJiaMeHT BPY'lHJI BHJioreJII>MY III BHJIJib o rrpaBax, B
KOTOpOM: a) 3aKOHO,ZJ;aTeJibHaSI BJiaCTb 3a.KpeiTJISIJiaCb B
pyKax rrapJiaMeHTa; 6) 3aKOHO,ZJ;aTeJioHaSI BJiaCTb 3aKperr-
JISIJiaco B p y KaX KOpOJISI.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; BepHhl o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eRHSI
HeBepHbi.
10.6. ARrJIHHCKHe peBOJIIOU.HH XVII B . H ycTaROBJieH He
rrapJiaMeRTCKOH MORapXHH: a) yrJiy6HJIH KPH3HC Tpa,ZJ;H-
II,HOHROI'O o6~ecTBa; 6) ycKOPHJIH pa3BHTHe ,ZJ;OHRAYCT-
PHaJibHoro o6Il.l;eCTBa.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; BepRhl o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eHHSI
H eBepHhl.
10.7. B pe3yJioTaTe BOHR Ha eBporre:HcKOM KOHTHHeHTe
B XVIII B. CKJia,ZJ;biBaiOTCR Bpam,ZJ;e6Hbie no OTROllleRHIO
,ZJ;pyr K ,ZJ;pyry BOeHHO-ITOJIHTH'leCKHe C0103bl, 'lTO: a) B Ka-
KOH-TO Mepe rrpe,ZJ;OTBpa~aeT BCITblliiKH HOBbiX BOHR;
6) cnoco6cTByeT pa3BSI3biBaHHIO ,ZJ;JIHTeJII>HbiX BOHH.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; BepHhl o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eHHSI
HeBepRbi.
10.8. B rrocJie,ZJ;HeH 'leTBepTH XVIII B . B AHrJIHH rrp o-
lf30mJia arpapHaSI peBOJIIOII,HSI, qTo 03Ha"tlaJio: a) Ra,ZJ;eJie-
HHe 6e33eMeJibHbiX apeH,ZJ;aTOpOB y'laCTKaMH 3eMJIH;
6) OKOH'laTeJibHOe TOpmeCTBO cpepMepCKOI'O X03SIHCTBa
Ha,ZJ; Tpa,ZJ;HII,HOHHbiM KpeCTbSIHCKHM X03SIHCTBOM H HC'le3-
HOBeHHe KpeCTbSIH - MeJIKHX C06CTBeHHHKOB.
BepHo a; BepHo 6; aepHbl o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR
HeaepHhl.
10.9. B «,II;eKJiapau,HH He3aBHCHMOCTH» rrpoBo3rJiamaJI-
CSI rrpHHI.I,HIT HapO,ZJ;HOI'O CyBepeHHTeTa, "t!TO 03Ha'laJIO:
a) BJiaCTb ,ZJ;OJI)KHa HCXO,ZJ;HTb OT RapO,ZJ;a; 6) rrpaBO Hapo,ZJ;a
Ha cBepmeHHe BJiaCTH, HapymaiOil.l;e:H ero rrpaBa.
Bepno a; BepHo 6; BepRbi o6a cym,ZJ;eHHR; o6a cym,ZJ;eHHSI
He BepHbl.
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