Diabetes millatus and their types

1. Daibetes Mellitus
Presented By
Yasin Rahman!

2. DIABETES MELLITUS

3. Definitions
•A disease marked by high levels of
sugar in blood.
 OR
•A chronic metabolic disorder
characterized by persistent high
blood glucose concentration.

4. Word Mellitus Meaning
•Mellitus A Latin word
for" Sweet As Honey"

5. Causes:
Insulin deficiency or insulin
resistance

6. INSULIN

7. Beta cells of
islets of
langerhans
produce insulin
which is
needed for to
metabolize
glucose within
the body.

8. Cardinal Signs of
Diabetes Mellitus

9. •Polyuria(abnormally large
volume of urine)
•Polydispia(excessive thirst)
•Polyphagia(excessive
hunger)

10. Types of Diabetes
Mellitus
There Are Two Types Of DM,
 Type 1DM
 Type 2DM

11. Type1DM
Definition:
Type1DM develops if
, the body is unable to produce
any insulin..

12. Type2 DM
Definition:
Type2DM develops when
body can still make some insulin but
not enough or when insulin that is
produced does not work properly
(known as insulin resistance)

13. Prevalance of Type1DM
 It usually appears before
the age of 40
 It accounts for between 5-
15% of all diabetic people

14. Prevalance of
Type2DM
 It is linked with being
over weight
 It appears over the age of 40
 It accounts for between 85-
95%
all people with diabetes

15. • Genetic
• Autoimmune
• Childhood (
juvenile) onset
• Beta cells depletion
• Non-Obese
patients
• Genetic but different
from Type1DM
• Not autoimmune
• Adult , maturity
onset
• Insulin may be low
but resistance to
insulin is main factor
• Non-Obese patients
Differences Between
Type1DM And Type2DM

16. Signs And Symptoms Of
Type2DM
•Slower onset
•Increased thirst
•Increased urination
•Increased apptite
•Fatigue
•Blured vision
•Slow healing infections

17. Risk Factors:
Family History
Obesity
Age greater than 45 years
Some ethnic groups
High BP
High cholesterol level
Physical inactivity

18. Metabolic
Complications
Hyperglycemia is caused by
eating too much sugary food /
drinking alcohol ,, not
complying with insulin therapy
or no exercise ,

19. • High blood glucose can lead to
Diabetic ketoacidosis/DKA/
Diabetic Coma which is caused
by the build up of by products of
fat break down known as
ketones,

20. •Occurs when glucose is not
available as a fuel source for
the body and fat is used ,
instead.

21. Symptoms Of DKA:
•Polyuria
•Polydispia
•Fatigue
•Nausea
•Muscular stiffness or aching

22. • Mental stupor( decreased consciousness)
may progress to Coma
• Rapid breathing
• Fruity breath
• Headache
• Decreased BP
• Decreased appetite
• Abdominal pain

23. Diabetic Complications
Diabetes can cause
vascular system
complications,,, which are
of two types

24. •Macrovascular
•Microvascular

25. •Stroke
•Cardiovascular diseases
•Peripheral vascular
diseases(amputation)
Macrovascular
complications

26. Microvascular
Complications
•Diabetic nephropathy(leads to
chronic kidney failure)
•Diabetic retinopathy
•Diabetic neuropathy (loss of
sensation in toes, numbness)

27. Thanks