This document provides guidance on designing effective questionnaires. It recommends that questionnaires begin with simple, easy questions to engage respondents before asking more complex target questions in the middle. Demographic and optional questions should be placed at the end. A pilot test of the questionnaire is important to identify and address any issues before administering it to the full sample. Both open-ended and close-ended questions can be used but they should be tailored to the appropriate scale of measurement. The questionnaire structure should open with an introduction, ask early questions, target questions in the middle, and end with demographic questions and gratitude.

1. Questionnaire Design
Yusuf Babatunde Adeneye

2. Frequently asked Questions
• 1. The type of questions
Target questions to target audience
• 2. Question structure
Simple in design and easy to respond
• 3. Question Sequence
Simple questions to generate interest in the beginning; followed by
target questions; open-ended and optional questions at the end
• 4. Questionnaire Improvement
Take a pilot test (like test marketing); try analysing the data; improve
until the pilot-analysis solves the problem defined.

3. Questionnaire Definition
• Questionnaire is a set of questions asked to the target
respondents.
• Open and close-ended questions can be used in the design
of the questionnaire to collect data.
• In questionnaire design the different types of data which can
be used are; nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales.

4. Good Questionnaire
• The target questions should be based on the problem defined, the chosen
hypothesis and the objectives of the research
• A questionnaire should be such that it can be analysed.
• The questionnaires should begin with an effort to awaken the respondents’
interest.
• Important target questions should be asked in the middle of the opinion
survey.
• Early questions should be simple in design, friendly and easy to respond.
• All the questions related to demographic information (income, age,
address etc) of the respondents should be either optional or asked in the
last section of the questionnaires.
• Open ended questions should be placed in the later part of the
questionnaire and deliberately kept to the minimum.

5. Open and close-ended questions
• Open ended questions the researcher does not provide any options
to answer.
• How do you motivate your employees?
• ______________________________________________
• Close ended questions have definite options and they are easy to
respond
• Trust is important for commitment
• (a) strongly disagree (b) disagree (c) neither disagree nor agree (d)
agree (e) strongly agree

6. Questions in line with Scale
• Nominal Scale (i.e. demographic factors)
• Ordinal Scale (Ranked these products; Coke, Pepsi,
Sprite, and Fanta; Rate this brand- Excellent, Good,
Fair, Poor)
• Interval Scale (Agreement scale/rating; Strongly agree,
agree, undecided, disagree, and strongly disagree)
• Ratio Scale (what is your age?)

7. Pilot Test
• The pilot test collect concise data about the research to serve as a
guide to larger study.
• The pilot test thus helps to identify the problem, if any, in the
questionnaire.
• Pilot test vs Saturation level…
• Once, corrective measures are taken, the researcher can go ahead
with final version of questionnaire.
• This questionnaire is now ready to be administered to the full sample
chosen.

8. Structure of the Questionnaire
• Opening: Covering Letter; Show Courtesy
• Early Questions: Closed ended
• Middle Questions: Main target questions (i.e. the variables of
contributions)
• Last Questions: Demographic factors; Open ended
• Closing: Show gratitude to the respondent for responding

9. Choice of survey method
•Speed
•Cost
•Internet Usage
•Literacy Levels
•Sensitive Questions

10. Source of Questionnaire
• Newly designed questionnaire
• Methodology
• Instrument on… (dependent variable and independent variables)
• Questionnaires on …. … (dependent variable and independent
variables)
• Established Organizations (i.e. WHO; World Bank)

11. •Thank you for coming and listening