Cloud Computing and Virtualization Supplemental Lecture Agenda Cloud Computing Virtualization Cloud Computing 3 3 Cloud Computing Pay-per-use computing model Customers pay for only the resources they need May revolutionize computing Unlike hosted services, does not require long-term contracts Three service models of cloud computing Cloud software as a service (SaaS) Cloud platform as a service (PaaS) Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS) 4 4 Cloud Computing Options On-premise Private clouds Data—managed by the company or offsite by a third party. Community clouds. Cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations Supports the shared concerns of a specific community. Public clouds. Data is stored outside of the corporate data centers In the cloud provider’s environment Hybrid clouds Combination of two or more other clouds. 5 Public Clouds - Versions Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Infrastructure through grids or clusters of virtualized servers, networks, storage, and systems software. Designed to augment or replace the functions of an entire data center. The customer may have full control of the actual server configuration. More risk management control over the data and environment. Platform as a Service (PaaS). Virtualized servers Clients can run existing applications or develop new ones Provider manages the hardware, operating system, and capacity Limits the enterprise risk management capabilities. 6 Public Clouds - Versions Software as a Service (SaaS) or Application Service Provider (ASP). Software application functionality through a web browser. The platform and infrastructure are fully managed by the cloud provider. If the operating system or underlying service isn’t configured correctly, the data at the higher application layer may be at risk. The most widely known and used form of cloud computing. Some managers shy away from cloud computing because they are concerned about: security—specifically about external threats from remote hackers and security breaches as the data travels to and from the cloud. data privacy. 7 To manage risk, an SLA needs to spell out these requirements. 7 Security Challenges Cloud computing security challenges Cloud provider must guarantee means to approve authorized users and deny imposters Transmissions from the cloud must be protected Customers’ data must be isolated from one another 8 8 Virtualization Architectures Type II Virtualization Requires a “host” operating system Using the Type II Hypervisor, you create a virtual hardware environment for each VM Install a “guest” operating system on each VM, just like installing a new computer The host operating system shares access to the computer’s processor with the hypervisor Does not provide the same performance as separate physical computers Good testing or lab environment 9 Virtualization Architectures A hybrid VMM sharing hardware access with a host operating system 10 Virtualization Architectur ...

1. Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Supplemental Lecture
Agenda
Cloud Computing
Virtualization
Cloud Computing
3
3
Cloud Computing
Pay-per-use computing model
Customers pay for only the resources they need
May revolutionize computing
Unlike hosted services, does not require long-term contracts
Three service models of cloud computing
Cloud software as a service (SaaS)
Cloud platform as a service (PaaS)
Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4

2. 4
Cloud Computing Options
On-premise
Private clouds
Data—managed by the company or offsite by a third party.
Community clouds.
Cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations
Supports the shared concerns of a specific community.
Public clouds.
Data is stored outside of the corporate data centers
In the cloud provider’s environment
Hybrid clouds
Combination of two or more other clouds.
5
Public Clouds - Versions
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
Infrastructure through grids or clusters of virtualized servers,
networks, storage, and systems software.
Designed to augment or replace the functions of an entire data
center.
The customer may have full control of the actual server
configuration.
More risk management control over the data and environment.
Platform as a Service (PaaS).
Virtualized servers
Clients can run existing applications or develop new ones
Provider manages the hardware, operating system, and capacity
Limits the enterprise risk management capabilities.

3. 6
Public Clouds - Versions
Software as a Service (SaaS) or Application Service Provider
(ASP).
Software application functionality through a web browser.
The platform and infrastructure are fully managed by the cloud
provider.
If the operating system or underlying service isn’t configured
correctly, the data at the higher application layer may be at risk.
The most widely known and used form of cloud computing.
Some managers shy away from cloud computing because they
are concerned about:
security—specifically about external threats from remote
hackers and security breaches as the data travels to and from the
cloud.
data privacy.
7
To manage risk, an SLA needs to spell out these requirements.
7
Security Challenges
Cloud computing security challenges
Cloud provider must guarantee means to approve authorized
users and deny imposters
Transmissions from the cloud must be protected
Customers’ data must be isolated from one another
8

4. 8
Virtualization Architectures
Type II Virtualization
Requires a “host” operating system
Using the Type II Hypervisor, you create a virtual hardware
environment for each VM
Install a “guest” operating system on each VM, just like
installing a new computer
The host operating system shares access to the computer’s
processor with the hypervisor
Does not provide the same performance as separate physical
computers
Good testing or lab environment
9
Virtualization Architectures
A hybrid VMM sharing hardware access with a host operating
system
10
Virtualization Architectures
Type I Virtualization
Hypervisor is an abstraction layer that interacts directly with
the computer’s physical hardware
No host operating system required
Individual environments, called partitions have their own

5. operating systems installed and accesses hardware through the
hypervisor
No host operating system is sharing processor
Parent partition runs the virtualization stack which creates and
manages the child partitions
11
Virtualization Architectures
A Type 1 VMM, with the hypervisor providing all hardware
access
12
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
FAS 202 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of a comparative
art analysis essay.
The advent of postmodernism in the late twentieth century

6. brought with it a skepticism of the cultural artifacts that
preceded it. The postmodern artist
understands that art in all forms—visual, literary, musical,
performance, and so on—is a manifestation of its period and
that these artistic expressions endure
and continue to shape the human experience. The purpose of the
final project is to demonstrate an understanding of the function
of art in its specific era, as
well as in contemporary times, and as an articulation of the
social and cultural forces that influence the creative endeavor of
the artist.
A primary method in the study of the humanities, a comparative
approach, allows us to reflect on a singular element and observe
both similarities and
differences. In employing a comparative approach, we begin to
ask the questions necessary to come to an understanding of the
objects being compared and the
conditions of their creation. We learn that each object is a
product of its environment—its social, historical, and cultural
climate.
For the final project, you will utilize the comparative approach
to study two works of art as conveyors of meaning, capable of
shaping cultural identity and our
historical understanding. Your study will focus on how your
chosen works deal with their shared theme as a product of their
particular time. In Milestone Two,
you will select a contemporary work (created within the past 20
years) or social construct and analyze that work for how it
parallels the relationship between the
two works you have selected for the final project.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be
submitted at different points in the course to scaffold learning
and ensure a quality final submission.

7. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five.
The completed final project will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the
following course outcomes:
1. Analyze the formal characteristics and historical context of
creative works from the Baroque period and beyond
2. Analyze creative works from the Baroque period and beyond
for their influence on the expression of social and cultural
conditions, issues, and the
human experience
3. Analyze the relationship between creative works from the
Baroque period and beyond and their historical themes and
settings
4. Articulate well-reasoned arguments regarding the relevance
and role of the humanities in contemporary culture and society
Prompt
The purpose of this final project is to evaluate your knowledge
of the skills necessary for performing a visual and contextual
analysis of two works and to
measure your application of these techniques as you relate the
works to real-world relevance/popular culture/ideas/concepts.
Select two works from one theme provided on the List of
Comparisons (linked to in your online course). Works must be
chosen from this list. The first work will
be from one of the following categories: baroque, rococo,

8. neoclassicism, or romanticism. The second will be modern (e.g.,
realism, impressionism,
postimpressionism); postmodern; or contemporary (created
within the past 20 years). You will identify a common/shared
theme (e.g., social or cultural issue) in
both works. For example, in Judith Leyster’s Self Portrait
(Dutch baroque, 1630) and Frida Kahlo’s The Two Fridas
(surrealism, 1939), a shared theme is the
presentation of self.
After identifying the common theme in both works, you will
develop an essay that explores how each work is a product of its
particular historical moment. In
Milestone Two, you will address the relevance of this shared
theme in contemporary culture by choosing a third work that
exemplifies this theme. This third
work could be a specific contemporary work (created within the
past twenty years) belonging to any genre of the arts, or even a
contemporary social construct
such as reality television or social media. For example, you
could consider the presentation of self as a relevant and
recurring theme on Facebook today.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Introduction
This section of the comparative analysis will introduce readers
to the works you have selected to analyze.
A. Identify each of the two selected works from the List of
Comparisons. Include an image of the work and one paragraph
that identifies the artist,
title (in italics), date, medium, dimensions, stylistic movement,
cultural origin, and current collection (i.e., Where the work is
housed? This could

9. be a museum, a gallery, or a private collection).
B. What is your main argument/thesis statement about the
relationship between your selected works and their shared
theme?
II. Visual and Historical Analysis
This section will provide a visual and historical analysis of the
physical characteristics in each work as well as the connections
of each work to its historical
and cultural context.
A. Explain how each of your two selected works reflects the
social or cultural identity of its day. Support your response with
examples.
B. What influence have your two selected works had in the
shaping of social or cultural identities?
C. What influence have your two selected works had on a
modern or contemporary expression of the identified shared
theme? Support your
response with examples.
III. Comparative Analysis
In this section, you will compare and contrast your two selected
works.
A. What formal characteristics are similar between the two
works? What characteristics are different? Be sure to reference
specific aspects of each
work.
B. How did each respective culture’s traditions and ideologies
influence the two works you have selected? Be sure to use

10. examples to support your
response.
C. How does each work represent its particular social,
historical, and cultural climate? Be sure to use examples to
support your response.
IV. Parallels
In this section, you will introduce a third creative work and
explain how that work parallels the relationship between the
two works previously selected.
A. How do the shared historical themes and settings tie your
two previously selected works to the third, contemporary work
or social construct?
B. Discuss how the theme is still relevant today, using the third,
contemporary work or social construct you selected to support
your response.
V. Conclusion
In this section, you will discuss the relevance and value of
studying works of art and cultural artifacts with regard to their
influence, relevance, and
impact on modern and contemporary culture and practice.
A. What is the value of challenging perceived notions of
historical, cultural, and social identity? How do the humanities,
as a discipline, help us

11. understand this? Be sure to justify your response.
B. How does our understanding of social and cultural practices
of the past impact how we conduct ourselves socially and
professionally in the
present? How do the humanities, as a discipline, help us
understand this? Be sure to justify your response.
C. What is the responsibility of the artist to society, especially
in terms of shaping our understanding of ourselves and the
world in which we live?
How do the humanities, as a discipline, help us understand this?
Be sure to justify your response.
Milestones
Milestone One: Introduction (Section I)
In Module Three, you will submit your introduction to the final
project. First choose a pair of works from the provided List of
Comparisons and then choose a
shared theme (e.g., social or cultural issue). For each work,
include an image of the work and identify the artist, title (in
italics), date, medium, dimensions,
stylistic movement, cultural origin, and current collection (i.e.,
Where the work is housed? This could be a museum, a gallery,
or a private collection). Finally,
formulate a main argument/thesis statement in which you
explain the relationship between your chosen works and your
contemporary example. The
components of this milestone will serve as the skeletal
framework of your essay and will help you develop the rest of
the required elements. This milestone will
be graded with the Milestone One Rubric.
Milestone Two: Rough Draft (Sections I–IV)
In Module Five, you will submit your rough draft of Sections I–

12. IV of the final project. Incorporate the introduction you created
for Milestone One with the rest of
the required elements (except for the conclusion, which you will
include in your final submission). Use the feedback from
Milestone One to form a thorough
introduction. Once you've engaged in a meaningful comparison
of the two works of art, you can begin to consider how those
works relate to the corresponding
theme and its historical and contemporary relevance by adding a
third, contemporary work or social construct that shares the
theme and cultural significance of
these two works. This draft should be as detailed as possible,
addressing each of the following major headings: Introduction,
Visual and Historical Analysis,
Comparative Analysis, and Parallels. This milestone will be
graded with the Milestone Two Rubric.
Final Submission: Comparative Art Analysis Essay
In Module Seven, you will submit your completed comparative
art analysis essay. For this submission, you will develop your
conclusion (Section V) and combine
it with Sections I–IV, revised to incorporate the instructor’s
feedback. You will also apply knowledge you gained throughout
the course, including feedback from
the discussion assignments and any relevant and valuable
feedback you may have gained from your peers’ posts or
responses. This submission will be graded
with the Final Project Rubric.
Final Project Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your comparative art analysis essay
must be 3–5 pages in length (in addition to a cover page and

13. references) and should use 12-point
Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins.
It must be written in MLA format and include at least four
scholarly sources cited in MLA format.
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not
Evident Value
Introduction:
Identification
[FAS-202-01]
N/A Comprehensively identifies
both works from the List of
Comparisons, including an
image of the work and one
paragraph that outlines the
artist, title, date, medium,
dimensions, stylistic movement,
cultural origin or period of
creation, and current collection
(100%)
Identifies both works from the
List of Comparisons, but
response does not cover all
elements specified in the
prompt (55%)
Does not identify both works
(0%)
5.94
Introduction: Main
Argument/Thesis

14. [FAS-202-03]
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
makes especially clear
connections between the main
argument/thesis statement, the
selected works, and the shared
theme or social construct
(100%)
Discusses the main
argument/thesis statement
about the relationship between
selected works and the shared
theme or social construct (85%)
Discusses the main
argument/thesis statement
about the relationship between
selected works and the shared
theme or social construct, but
discussion is cursory or illogical
(55%)
Does not discuss the main
argument/thesis statement
about the relationship between
selected works and the shared
theme or social construct (0%)
7.92
Visual and Historical
Analysis: Reflection

15. [FAS-202-02]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
examples provide cogent
connections between each
work and the social and cultural
identity of its day (100%)
Explains how each of the two
works reflects the social or
cultural identity of its day and
supports response with
examples (85%)
Explains how each of the two
works reflects the social or
cultural identity of its day, but
explanation is cursory or
illogical or examples provided
are not relevant (55%)
Does not explain how each of
the two works reflects the
social or cultural identity of its
day (0%)
7.92
Visual and Historical
Analysis: Identities
[FAS-202-02]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response makes especially clear
connections between the

16. shared works and their
influence on the shaping of
social or cultural identities
(100%)
Explains the influence the two
selected works have had in the
shaping of social or cultural
identities (85%)
Explains the influence the two
selected works have had in the
shaping of social or cultural
identities, but explanation is
cursory or illogical (55%)
Does not explain the influence
the two selected works have
had in the shaping of social or
cultural identities (0%)
7.92
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not
Evident Value
Visual and Historical
Analysis: Expression
[FAS-202-02]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
examples illustrate clear
connections between the

17. selected works and the
expression of the shared theme
(100%)
Explains the influence the two
selected works have had on a
modern or contemporary
expression of the identified
shared theme, using examples
to support response (85%)
Explains the influence the two
selected works have had on a
modern or contemporary
expression of the identified
shared theme, but explanation
is cursory or illogical or does not
use examples to support
response (55%)
Does not explain the influence
the two selected works have
had on a modern or
contemporary expression of the
identified shared theme (0%)
7.92
Comparative Analysis:
Characteristics
[FAS-202-01]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
specific aspects referenced
demonstrate a sophisticated
awareness of formal

18. characteristics in artwork
(100%)
Explains the similarities and
differences present in the
formal characteristics of the
two works, referencing specific
aspects of each work (85%)
Explains the similarities and
differences present in the
formal characteristics of the
two works, but explanation is
cursory or there are gaps in
referencing specific aspects of
each work (55%)
Does not explain the similarities
and differences present in the
formal characteristics of the
two works (0%)
5.94
Comparative Analysis:
Traditions
[FAS-202-01]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates a
complex grasp of how each
work was influenced by its
respective culture and ideology
(100%)

19. Determines how each
respective culture’s traditions
and ideologies influenced the
chosen works, using examples
to support response (85%)
Determines how each
respective culture’s traditions
and ideologies influenced the
chosen works, but
determination is cursory or
illogical or does not use
examples to support response
(55%)
Does not determine how each
respective culture’s traditions
and ideologies influenced the
chosen works (0%)
5.94
Comparative Analysis:
Climate
[FAS-202-01]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates a
sophisticated awareness of the
relationship between the
selected works and the social,
historical, and cultural climate
relevant to each work (100%)
Explains how each work

20. represents its particular social,
historical, and cultural climate,
supporting response with
examples (85%)
Explains how each work
represents its particular social,
historical, and cultural climate,
but explanation is cursory or
illogical or does not use
examples to support response
(55%)
Does not explain how each
work represents its particular
social, historical, and cultural
climate (0%)
5.94
Parallels: Historical
Themes
[FAS-202-03]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates keen
insight into the influence of
historical themes and settings
on creative endeavors (100%)
Explains how the shared
historical themes and settings
tie the two previously selected
works to the third,
contemporary work or social

21. construct (85%)
Explains how the shared
historical themes and settings
tie the two previously selected
works to the third,
contemporary work or social
construct, but explanation is
cursory or illogical (55%)
Does not explain how the
shared historical themes and
settings tie the two previously
selected works to the third,
contemporary work or social
construct (0%)
7.92
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not
Evident Value
Parallels: Relevance
[FAS-202-03]
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
demonstrates a sophisticated
awareness of the theme’s
continued relevance (100%)
Discusses how the theme is still
relevant today, using the third,
contemporary work or social
construct to support response

22. (85%)
Discusses how the theme is still
relevant today, but discussion is
cursory, contains inaccuracies,
or does not use the third,
contemporary work or social
construct to support response
(55%)
Does not discuss how the
theme is still relevant today
(0%)
7.92
Conclusion: Perceived
Notions
[FAS-202-04]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
provided justification
demonstrates a complex grasp
of the value of challenging
perceived notions (100%)
Explains the value of
challenging perceived notions
of historical, cultural, and social
identity and how the
humanities, as a discipline,
further understanding of that
value, justifying response (85%)
Explains the value of

23. challenging perceived notions
of historical, cultural, and social
identity and how the
humanities, as a discipline,
further understanding of that
value, but explanation is
cursory or illogical, or there are
gaps in justification (55%)
Does not explain the value of
challenging perceived notions
of historical, cultural, and social
identity and how the
humanities, as a discipline,
further understanding of that
value (0%)
7.92
Conclusion: Conduct
Ourselves
[FAS-202-04]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
provided justification
demonstrates a sophisticated
awareness of how the past
impacts the present (100%)
Explains how understanding
social and cultural practices of
the past impacts how
individuals conduct themselves
socially and professionally in
the present, and how the

24. humanities, as a discipline,
further that understanding,
justifying response (85%)
Explains how understanding
social and cultural practices of
the past impacts how
individuals conduct themselves
socially and professionally in
the present, and how
humanities, as a discipline,
further that understanding, but
explanation is cursory or
illogical or there are gaps in
justification (55%)
Does not explain how
understanding social and
cultural practices of the past
impacts how individuals
conduct themselves socially and
professionally in the present,
and how the humanities, as a
discipline, further that
understanding (0%)
7.92
Conclusion:
Responsibility
[FAS-202-04]
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
provided justification
demonstrates a sophisticated
awareness of how artists shape

25. perspectives (100%)
Explains the responsibility of
the artist to society and how
the humanities, as a discipline,
help in understanding that
responsibility, justifying
response (85%)
Explains the responsibility of
the artist to society and how
the humanities, as a discipline,
help in understanding that
responsibility, but explanation
is cursory or illogical, or there
are gaps in justification (55%)
Does not explain the
responsibility of the artist to
society and how the
humanities, as a discipline, help
in understanding that
responsibility (0%)
7.92
Critical Elements Exemplary Proficient Needs Improvement Not
Evident Value
Articulation of
Response
Submission is free of errors
related to citations, grammar,

26. spelling, syntax, and
organization and is presented in
a professional and easy-to-read
format (100%)
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
(85%)
Submission has major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas (55%)
Submission has critical errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that prevent understanding of
ideas (0%)
4.96
Total 100%