JUSTICE ELENA KAGAN (Wikipedia Info)

Elena Kagan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Kagan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elena Kagan (pronounced /ˈkeɪɡən/; born April 28, 1960)[3]
is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Elena Kagan
States, serving since August 7, 2010. Kagan is the Court's
112th justice and fourth female justice.

Kagan was born and raised in New York City. After attending
Princeton, Oxford, and Harvard Law School, she completed
federal Court of Appeals and Supreme Court clerkships. She
began her career as a professor at the University of Chicago
Law School, leaving to serve as Associate White House
Counsel, and later as policy adviser, under President Clinton.
After a nomination to the United States Court of Appeals for
the D.C. Circuit, which expired without action, she became a
professor at Harvard Law School and was later named its first
female dean.

President Obama appointed her Solicitor General on January
26, 2009. On May 10, 2010, Obama nominated her to the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the
Supreme Court to fill the vacancy from the impending United States
retirement of Justice John Paul Stevens. After Senate Incumbent
confirmation, Kagan was sworn in on August 7, 2010, by
Assumed office
Chief Justice John G. Roberts. Kagan's formal investiture
August 7, 2010
ceremony before a special sitting of the United States
Supreme Court took place on October 1, 2010.[4] Nominated by Barack Obama
Preceded by John Paul Stevens
45th Solicitor General of the United States
In office
March 19, 2009 – May 17, 2010[1]
1 Personal life and education President Barack Obama
2 Early legal and academic career
Deputy Neal Katyal
3 White House and judicial nomination
4 Return to academia Preceded by Edwin Kneedler (Acting)
5 Solicitor General Succeeded by Neal Katyal (Acting)
6 Supreme Court
7 See also 11th Dean of Harvard Law School
8 References In office
9 Further reading July 1, 2003 – March 19, 2009
10 External links
Preceded by Robert Clark
Succeeded by Martha Minow
Personal details
Born April 28, 1960
Kagan was born in New York City, the middle of three New York City, New York, U.S.
children, on the city's Upper West Side. Her mother, Gloria
Gittelman Kagan, taught fifth and sixth grade at Hunter

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College Elementary School, and her father, Robert Kagan,
Alma mater Princeton University
was an attorney.[5][6] Kagan's two brothers are public school
Worcester College, Oxford
teachers.[7]
Harvard Law School
Kagan and her family lived in a third-floor apartment at West Religion Conservative Judaism[2]
End Avenue and 75th Street[8] and attended Lincoln Square
Synagogue.[9] Kagan was independent and strong-willed in her youth and, according to a former law partner,
clashed with her Orthodox rabbi over aspects of her bat mitzvah.[8] "She had strong opinions about what a bat
mitzvah should be like, which didn't parallel the wishes of the rabbi," said her former colleague. "But they finally
worked it out. She negotiated with the rabbi and came to a conclusion that satisfied everybody." Kagan's rabbi,
Shlomo Riskin, had never performed a ritual bat mitzvah before.[9] "Elena Kagan felt very strongly that there
should be ritual bat mitzvah in the synagogue, no less important than the ritual bar mitzvah. This was really the
first formal bat mitzvah we had," said Riskin. Kagan asked to read from the Torah on a Saturday morning but
ultimately read on a Friday night, May 18, 1973, from the Book of Ruth.[9] Today, she identifies with
Conservative Judaism.[9]

Childhood friend Margaret Raymond recalled that Kagan was a teenage smoker but not a partier. On Saturday
nights, she and Kagan "were more apt to sit on the steps of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and talk."[8] Kagan
also loved literature and re-read Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice every year.[8] In her Hunter College High
School yearbook of 1977, Kagan was pictured in a judge's robe and holding a gavel.[10]

Next to her photo was a quote from former Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter: "Government is itself an
art, one of the subtlest of arts."[11] After graduating from high school, Kagan attended Princeton University,
where she earned an A.B., summa cum laude in history in 1981. Among the subjects she studied was the socialist
movement in New York City in the early 20th century. She wrote a senior thesis under historian Sean Wilentz
titled "To the Final Conflict: Socialism in New York City, 1900–1933". In it she wrote, "Through its own internal
feuding, then, the SP exhausted itself forever. The story is a sad but also a chastening one for those who, more
than half a century after socialism's decline, still wish to change America."[12] Wilentz insists that she did not
mean to defend socialism, noting that, "She was interested in it. To study something is not to endorse it."[13]
Wilentz called Kagan "one of the foremost legal minds in the country, she is still the witty, engaging,
down-to-earth person I proudly remember from her undergraduate days."[14]

As an undergraduate, Kagan also served as editorial chair of the Daily Princetonian. Along with eight other
students (including Eliot Spitzer, who was student body president at the time), Kagan penned the Declaration of
the Campaign for a Democratic University, which called for "a fundamental restructuring of university
governance" and condemned Princeton's administration for making decisions "behind closed doors".[15]

She received Princeton's Daniel M. Sachs Class of 1960 Graduating
Scholarship, one of the highest general awards conferred by the
university, which enabled her to study at Worcester College, Oxford. She
earned a Master of Philosophy at Oxford in 1983.[16] She received a Juris
Doctor, magna cum laude, at Harvard Law School in 1986, where she
was supervisory editor of the Harvard Law Review. Friend Jeffrey
Toobin recalled Kagan "stood out from the start as one with a formidable
mind. She's good with people. At the time, the law school was a
politically charged and divided place. She navigated the factions with Kagan graduates from Harvard Law
ease, and won the respect of everyone."[17] School in 1986.

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Kagan has never married and has no children.[18]

Kagan was a law clerk for Judge Abner J. Mikva of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit in 1987 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1988. Marshall
nicknamed the 5 foot 3 inch Kagan "Shorty".[8] She later entered private practice as an associate at the
Washington, D.C., law firm of Williams & Connolly.[3]

Kagan joined the faculty of the University of Chicago Law School as an assistant professor in 1991 and became
a tenured professor of law in 1995.[19] While at the University of Chicago, she published a law review article on
the regulation of First Amendment hate speech in the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling in R.A.V. v. City of St.
Paul; an article discussing the significance of governmental motive in regulating speech; and a review of a book
by Stephen L. Carter discussing the judicial confirmation process.

According to her colleagues, Kagan's students complimented and admired her from the beginning, and she was
granted tenure "despite the reservations of some colleagues who thought she had not published enough."[20]

In a 1996 White House document, Kagan grouped the National Rifle Association together with the Ku Klux Klan
as "bad guy" organizations.[21]

In 1996 she wrote an article in the University of Chicago Law Review entitled, "Private Speech, Public Purpose:
The Role of Governmental Motive in First Amendment Doctrine." Kagan argued that the Supreme Court should
examine governmental motives when deciding First Amendment cases.[22] She analyzed historic draft-card
burning and flag burning cases in light of free speech arguments.[23]

While serving as an adviser in the White House domestic policy office, Kagan co-authored a May 13, 1997,
memo to President Bill Clinton urging him to support a ban on late-term abortions: "We recommend that you
endorse the Daschle amendment in order to sustain your credibility on HR 1122 and prevent Congress from
overriding your veto."[24]

On June 17, 1999, Clinton nominated Kagan to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to
replace James L. Buckley, who had taken senior status in 1996. The Senate Judiciary Committee's Republican
Chairman Orrin Hatch scheduled no hearing, effectively ending her nomination. When Clinton's term ended, her
nomination to the D.C. Circuit Court lapsed, as did the nomination of fellow Clinton nominee Allen Snyder.[25]

After her service in the White House and her lapsed judicial nomination, Kagan returned to academia in 1999.
She initially sought to return to the University of Chicago Law School, but having given up her tenured position
as a result of her extended stint in the Clinton Administration, she needed to be rehired and the school chose not
to do so, reportedly because of doubts as to her commitment to academia.[26] Kagan quickly found a position as
a visiting professor at Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, she authored a law review article on United States
administrative law, including the role of aiding the President of the United States in formulating and influencing
federal administrative and regulatory law, which was honored as the year's top scholarly article by the American

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Bar Association's Section on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice, and is being developed into a book to
be published by Harvard University Press.[citation needed]

In 2001, she was named a full professor and in 2003 was named Dean of
the Law School by Harvard University President Lawrence Summers.[27]
She succeeded Robert C. Clark, who had served as dean for over a
decade. The focus of her tenure was on improving student satisfaction.
Efforts included constructing new facilities and reforming the first-year
curriculum as well as aesthetic changes and creature comforts, such as
free morning coffee. She has been credited for employing a consensus-
building leadership style, which surmounted the school's previous
Kagan as Dean of Harvard Law School ideological discord.[28][29][30]

In her capacity as dean, Kagan
inherited a $400 million capital campaign, "Setting the Standard", in
2003. It ended in 2008 with a record breaking $476 million raised, 19%
more than the original goal.[31] Kagan made a number of prominent new
hires, increasing the size of the faculty considerably. Her coups included
hiring legal scholar Cass Sunstein away from the University of
Chicago[32] and Lawrence Lessig away from Stanford.[33] She also broke
a logjam on conservative hires by bringing in scholars such as Jack
Goldsmith, who had been serving in the Bush administration.[29]

According to Kevin Washburn, dean of the University of New Mexico
School of Law, Kagan transformed Harvard Law School from a harsh
environment for students to one that was much more student-centric.[34] Kagan's official portrait as Dean of
Harvard Law School
During her deanship, Kagan upheld a decades old policy barring military
recruiters from the Office of Career Services because she felt that the
military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy discriminated against gays and lesbians. According to Campus Progress,

As dean, Kagan supported a lawsuit intended to overturn the Solomon Amendment so military
recruiters might be banned from the grounds of schools like Harvard. When a federal appeals court
ruled the The Pentagon could not withhold funds, she banned the military from Harvard's campus
once again. The case was challenged in the Supreme Court, which ruled the military could indeed
require schools to allow recruiters if they wanted to receive federal money. Kagan, though she
allowed the military back, simultaneously urged students to demonstrate against Don't Ask, Don't
Tell.[35][36]

In October 2003, Kagan transmitted an e-mail to students and faculty deploring that military recruiters had
shown up on campus in violation of the school's anti-discrimination policy. It read, "This action causes me deep
distress. I abhor the military's discriminatory recruitment policy." She also wrote that it was "a profound
wrong--a moral injustice of the first order."[37]

From 2005 through 2008, Kagan was a member of the Research Advisory Council of the Goldman Sachs Global
Markets Institute and received a $10,000 stipend for her service in 2008.[38]

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On January 5, 2009, President-elect Barack Obama announced he would nominate Kagan to be Solicitor
General.[39][40] Before this appointment she had never argued a case before any court.[41] At least two previous
solicitors general, Robert Bork and Kenneth Starr, also had no previous Supreme Court appearances, though
Starr was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit before becoming
Solicitor General.[42]

Kagan was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 19, 2009, by a vote of 61 to 31,[43] becoming the first
woman to hold the position. She made her first appearance before the Supreme Court on September 9, 2009, in
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.[44]

The First Amendment Center and the Cato Institute later expressed concern over arguments Kagan advanced as
a part of her role as Solicitor General. For example, during her time as Solicitor General, Kagan prepared a brief
defending a law later ruled unconstitutional that criminalized depictions of animal cruelty.[45][46] During her
confirmation hearing, she said that "there is no federal constitutional right to same-sex marriage." Also during her
confirmation hearing, she was asked about the Defense of Marriage Act, pursuant to which states cannot
recognize same-sex marriages originating in other states. Kagan indicated that she would defend the act if "there
was any reasonable basis to do so."[47]

Main article: Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination

Prior to the election of President Barack Obama, Kagan was the subject
of media speculation regarding her potential to be nominated to the
Supreme Court of the United States if a Democratic president were
elected in 2008.[48][49][50][51][52] This speculation increased after the
retirement announcement of Associate Justice David H. Souter, effective
at the start of the Court's summer 2009 recess.[53]
Obama nominates Kagan.
It was speculated that her position as Solicitor General would increase
Kagan's chances for nomination, since Solicitors General have been
considered potential nominees to the Supreme Court in the past. On May 13, 2009, the Associated Press reported
that Obama was considering Kagan, among others, for possible appointment to the United States Supreme
Court.[54] On May 26, 2009, however, Obama announced that he was nominating Sonia Sotomayor to the
post.[55]

On April 9, 2010, Justice John Paul Stevens announced that he would
retire at the start of the Court's summer 2010 recess, triggering new
speculation about Kagan's potential nomination to the bench.[56] In a
Fresh Dialogues interview, Jeffrey Toobin, a Supreme Court analyst and
Kagan's friend and law school classmate[57], speculated that Kagan
would likely be President Obama's nominee, describing her as "very
much an Obama type person, a moderate Democrat, a consensus
builder."[58] This possibility has alarmed many liberals and progressives,
Kagan meets with Obama in Oval who worried that "replacing Stevens with Kagan risks moving the Court
Office, April 2010. to the right, perhaps substantially to the right."[59]

While Kagan's name was mentioned as a possible replacement for Justice

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Stevens, the New York Times noted that she "has supported assertions of executive power."[60] This view of vast
executive power has caused some commentators to fear that she would reverse the majority in favor of
protecting civil liberties on the Supreme Court were she to replace Stevens.[61]

The deans of over one-third of the country's law schools, sixty-nine people in total, endorsed Kagan's nomination
in an open letter in early June. It lauded what it considered her coalition-building skills and "understanding of
both doctrine and policy" as well as her written record of legal analysis.[62]

The confirmation hearings began June 28. Kagan's testimony and her
answers to the Senate Judiciary Committee's questions on July 20 were
uneventful, containing no new revelations about her character or
background. Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania cited an article Kagan had
published in the Chicago Law Review in 1995, criticizing the evasiveness
of Supreme Court nominees in their hearings.[63] Kagan, noted Specter,
was now practicing that very evasiveness.[64] On July 20, 2010, the
Senate Judiciary Committee voted 13–6 to recommend Kagan's
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her confirmation to the full Senate. On August 5 the full Senate confirmed
investiture ceremony her nomination by a vote of 63–37.[65] The voting was largely on party
lines, with five Republicans (Richard Lugar, Judd Gregg, Lindsey
Graham, Susan Collins, and Olympia Snowe) supporting her and one
Democrat (Ben Nelson) opposing. The Senate's two independents voted in favor of confirmation. She was sworn
in by Chief Justice John Roberts on Saturday August 7, in a private ceremony.[4][66]

Kagan is the first justice appointed without any prior experience as a judge since William Rehnquist in 1972.[67]
[68][69]
She is the fourth female justice in the Court's history (and, for the first time, part of a Court with three
female justices) and the eighth Jewish justice,[70] making three of the nine current justices Jewish.

Kagan's first opinion, Ransom v. FIA Card Services, was filed on January 11, 2011. In an 8–1 decision, Kagan
found that an individual declaring bankruptcy could not count expenses for a car he had paid off in his
"applicable monthly expenses".[71][72]

Legal analyst Jeffrey Rosen praised Kagan's "eloquent voice," which he characterized as unusual for a relative
newcomer to the Court, and noted her "ability to puncture her colleagues’ bloodless abstractions and tendentious
arguments, and to explain the constitutional stakes in plain language that all citizens can understand."[73] He said
Kagan's writing was giving Justice Antonin Scalia "a run for his money."

Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates
Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies
Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States

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April 30, 2009.
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Stev.html) . The New York Times. April 9, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/us/AP-US-SupremeCourt-
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/nbc_breaks_kagan_news_when_toobin_could_have_called__160980.asp) , Mediabistro.com
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/glenn_greenwald/2010/04/13/kagan) , Salon.com
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candidates.html) , New York Times (April 9, 2010)
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(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/15/AR2010061503678.html?hpid=topnews) . The
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/15/AR2010061503678.html?hpid=topnews. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
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said-supreme-court) . PolitiFact. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2010/jun/29/elena-kagan/elena-
kagan-law-review-article-said-supreme-court. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
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66. ^ Mark Arsenault (Audust 5, 2010). "Senate confirms Kagan as 112th justice to Supreme Court"
(http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2010/08/senate_confirms_1.html) . The Boston Globe.
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supreme_court/) . Associated Press. MSNBC. May 11, 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36967616/ns/politics-
supreme_court/. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
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/0,8599,1988179,00.html. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
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Potier, Beth (September 16, 2004). "Big plans highlight Elena Kagan's 2L; HLS dean looks forward to
a busy year" (http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/09.16/03-kagan.html) . Harvard Gazette
(Harvard News Office). http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/09.16/03-kagan.html. Retrieved
January 5, 2009.
Levine, Adina (September 30, 2004). "Kagan declares state of the law school is "very strong"; Plans
more construction, reassessment of curriculum, and enlargement of faculty" (http://www.hlrecord.org
/media/paper609/news/2004/09/30/News/Kagan.Declares.State.Of.The.Law.School.Is.very.Strong-
739674.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org&page=3) . Harvard Law Record
(Harvard Law School Record Corporation). ISSN 0017-8101 (http://www.worldcat.org
/issn/0017-8101) . http://www.hlrecord.org/media/paper609/news/2004/09/30
/News/Kagan.Declares.State.Of.The.Law.School.Is.very.Strong-
739674.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org&page=3. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
"No Excuse Not to Work Out: Hemenway Opens" (http://www.hlrecord.org/media/paper609
/news/2005/09/29/News/No.Excuse.Not.To.Work.Out.Hemenway.Opens-
1005413.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org) . Harvard Law Record (Harvard Law
School Record Corporation). September 29, 2005. ISSN 0017-8101 (http://www.worldcat.org
/issn/0017-8101) . http://www.hlrecord.org/media/paper609/news/2005/09/29
/News/No.Excuse.Not.To.Work.Out.Hemenway.Opens-
1005413.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
Brown, Kelly Lynn (September 30, 2004). "Editorial: Dean Kagan off to a promising start"
(http://www.hlrecord.org/media/paper609/news/2004/09/30/Opinion
/Editorial.Dean.Kagan.Off.To.A.Promising.Start-
739681.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org) . Harvard Law Record (Harvard Law
School Record Corporation). ISSN 0017-8101 (http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8101) .
http://www.hlrecord.org/media/paper609/news/2004/09/30/Opinion
/Editorial.Dean.Kagan.Off.To.A.Promising.Start-
739681.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
Gerstein, Josh (March 10, 2006). "As Harvard Seeks a President, Dean Kagan's Star Is Rising"
(http://www.nysun.com/article/28925?page_no=1) . New York Sun. http://www.nysun.com/article
/28925?page_no=1. Retrieved January 5, 2009. "Ms. Kagan, 45, is credited with overseeing a
renaissance at the law school during her nearly three years as dean, and many of her fans believe she
could achieve the same for the entire university if given the chance."
Bennett, Drake (October 19, 2008). "Crimson tide – Harvard Law School, long fractious and
underachieving, is on the rise again – and shaking up the American legal world"
(http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/10/19/crimson_tide/) . Boston Globe.
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/10/19/crimson_tide/. Retrieved January 5,
2009. "[T]here is near unanimity that the school's dean, Elena Kagan, a scholar of administrative law
and a former Clinton administration official, has galvanized the place with her ambition and adroit
management style, knitting together the faculty, charming the students, and attracting top-flight talent
to the school."
Leonard, Tom (April 24, 2009). "Barack Obama administration seeks to change police questioning
law" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/5214985/Barack-
Obama-administration-seeks-to-change-police-questioning-law.html) . The Daily Telegraph (UK).
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/5214985/Barack-
Obama-administration-seeks-to-change-police-questioning-law.html. Retrieved April 24, 2009. "The
Justice Department, in a brief signed by Elena Kagan, the solicitor general, said the 1986 decision
"serves no real purpose" and offers only "meagre benefits"."
Lichtblau, Eric (2009-05-15) Potential Justice's Appeal May Be Too Bipartisan
(http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/us/17kagan.html?_r=1) , New York Times

11 of 13 12/23/2011 8:15 PM


van Diggelen, Alison (April 10, 2010). "Jeffrey Toobin says Elena Kagan Likely Supreme Court
Justice" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alison-van-diggelen/jeffrey-toobin-
says-elena_b_532838.html) . Huffington Post (USA). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alison-
van-diggelen/jeffrey-toobin-says-elena_b_532838.html. Retrieved April 10, 2010. ""She's very much
an Obama type person, a moderate Democrat, a consensus builder ...""
Greenwald, Glenn (2010-04-13) The case against Elena Kagan (http://www.salon.com/news/opinion
/glenn_greenwald/2010/04/13/kagan) , Salon.com
The Progressive Case For Elena Kagan (http://thinkprogress.org/2010/05/10/kagan-nomination/)
Thinkprogress.com (2010-05-10)

Supreme Court (http://www.supremecourt.gov/) official site with biographies
(http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx)
Profile (http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3289) at the Biographical Directory of Federal
Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center
Legal resources (http://www.loc.gov/law/find/kagan.php) at the Law Library of Congress
Biography and writings (http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/justices/kagan.bio.html) at the Legal
Information Institute
Profile (http://www.oyez.org/justices/elena_kagan) at the Oyez Project
Profile (http://judgepedia.org/index.php/Elena_Kagan) at Judgepedia
Profile (http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/Elena_Kagan) at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington
Post
Appearances (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/elenakagan) on C-SPAN
Profile (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4309964) at the Internet Movie Database
Collected news and commentary (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people
/k/elena_kagan) at The New York Times
Works by or about Elena Kagan (http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no95-27810) in libraries
(WorldCat catalog)
Profile (http://www.nndb.com/people/295/000167791) at Notable Names Database
Elena Kagan Through the Years (http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Supreme_Court/slideshow/supreme-
court-nominee-elena-kagan-years-10605975) – slideshow by ABC News

Academic offices
Preceded by Dean of Harvard Law School Succeeded by
Robert Clark 2003–2009 Martha Minow
Legal offices
Preceded by Solicitor General of the United States Succeeded by
Edwin Kneedler 2009–2010 Neal Katyal
Acting Acting
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of
Preceded by
the United States Incumbent
John Paul Stevens
2010–present
United States order of precedence
Preceded by Succeeded by
Sonia Sotomayor Order of Precedence of the United States Retired Chief Justices of the
as Associate Justice of the Supreme as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Supreme Court
Court None living

12 of 13 12/23/2011 8:15 PM


Succeeded by
Otherwise John Paul Stevens
as Retired Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elena_Kagan&oldid=466745160"
Categories: 1960 births Living people Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
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Deans of Harvard Law School Harvard Law School alumni Harvard Law School faculty
Hunter College High School alumni Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
New York lawyers Nominations to the United States Supreme Court Obama Administration personnel
People from New York City Princeton University alumni
United States federal judges appointed by Barack Obama United States Solicitors General
United States Supreme Court justices University of Chicago faculty

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JUSTICE ELENA KAGAN (Wikipedia Info)

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