The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the rest of the body in separate circuits. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing carbon dioxide and waste. Arteries, veins, and capillaries form a network to transport blood between the heart and body tissues.

1. Mr. Vipin Patidar
Asst. Prof.

2.  The Circulatory System is
responsible for transporting
materials throughout the entire
body. It transports nutrients,
water, and oxygen to your
billions of body cells and carries
away wastes such as carbon
dioxide that body cells produce.
It is an amazing highway that
travels through your entire body
connecting all your body cells.

3. HEART
BLOOD
BLOOD VESSELS

5.  The heart pumps blood by
contracting and relaxing. It is a
hollow muscular organ. It is
about the size of your fist and
located in the middle of the chest
cavity. It is composed of cardiac
muscles that contract
involuntarily. It is located
between the lungs and protected
by the rib cage.

10.  Right Atrium - It receives
deoxygenated blood from the body
 Right Ventricle - Receives
deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumps the blood to the
lungs for oxidation
 Left Atrium - It receives oxygenated
blood from the right and left lungs
through the pulmonary veins.
 Left Ventricle - It receives oxygenated
blood from the left atrium, and
pumps blood to all parts of the
body.

11.  Ventricular septum - the wall between
the right and left ventricles of the
heart.
 Atrial septum - is the wall of tissue
that separates the right and left
atria of the heart.
 Pulmonary vein - is a large blood
vessels that carries blood from the
lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
 Pulmonary arteries - carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
to the lungs.

12.  Superior Vena Cava(precava or SVC) -
is truly superior, a large diameter,
yet short, vein that carries
deoxygenated blood from the upper
half of the body to the heart's right
atrium.
 Inferior Vena Cava(posterior vena cava
or IVC) - is the large vein that carries
deoxygenated blood from the lower
half of the body to the heart’s right
atrium.
 Aorta - is the largest artery in the
body and pumps blood throughout
the body.

13.  Tricuspid Valve - is located between
the right atrium and right ventricle
and ensures the flow of blood from
the right atrium into the right
ventricle prevents the reverse.
 Mitral valve(bicuspid valve or left
atrioventricular valve) - is a dual-flap
valve in the heart that lies between
the left atrium and the left
ventricle.
 Mitral Valve + Tricuspid Valve =
atrioventricular valves.

14.  Aortic valve - It is normally tricuspid
(with three leaflets), although in 1%
of the population it is found to be
congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets).
It lies between the left ventricle and
the aorta.

16. Blood is a specialized bodily
fluid in animals that delivers
necessary substances such as
nutrients and oxygen to the
cells and transports metabolic
waste products away from
those same cells.
Blood is also known as the
“Red River Of Life”

17.  Blood is responsible for…..
› Transporting gases (oxygen & carbon
dioxide)
› Transporting waste products
› Transporting nutrients
› Helping remove toxins from the body

18. • Blood makes up 6–8% of our
total body weight.
• Normal adult blood volume is 5 L.
• Blood is made up of cellular
material in a fluid called plasma.

19.  Transports oxygen from lungs to
body
 Transports carbon dioxide from the
tissue back to the lungs
 Transports nutrients from the
digestive tract to the tissue
 Transports wastes and excess water
the tissue to the kidneys
 Transports antibodies to the tissues
 Helps regulate body temperature

21. Solid Parts: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets
Liquid Part: Plasma

23.  Red blood cells (also referred to as
erythrocytes) are the most common
type of blood cell. It contains an iron
compound called hemoglobin which
give them their red color. The RBC
transports oxygen from the lungs to
different cells of the body and
carbon dioxide as waste product
which they carry back to the lungs
where it is expelled.

24.  White blood cells(also referred to as
Leucocytes) act as soldiers of the
body. They travel in the blood
stream but do most of their work in
the tissue. The approximate white
blood cells in the blood should a
person have is 5 000 to 10 000
per cubic millimeter of blood. It is
produced in the lymph nodes, spleen
and bone narrow.

25.  Neutrophils – ingest and kill
bacteria
 Lymphocytes – produce
antibodies to fight foreign cells
 Monocytes- are large scavenger
cells that clear tissue spaces of
dead and foreign matter

26.  Platelets, or thrombocytes are small,
irregularly shaped clear cell fragments,
2–3 µm in diameter, which are
derived from fragmentation of
precursor megakaryocytes. The
average lifespan of a platelet is
normally just 5 to 9 days. Platelets
are a natural source of growth factors.
 It the agent of blood clotting

28.  Plasma is the liquid part which
comprises 55% of blood. Plasma
caries antibodies to the tissue,
transports waste material from
the body cells to the lungs, liver,
kidneys; it contains fibrinogen
which helps the blood clot when
the blood gets injured.

29.  92% - Water
 7% - Proteins
 1% - Albumins, Globulins,
Fibrinogen; and some
Inorganic Salt and some
Organic substances

30. Blood Type
Can donate
blood to
Can receive
blood from
A A & AB A & O
B B & AB B & O
AB AB A, B, AB & O
O A, B, AB & O O

32. The blood vessels are
the part of the
circulatory system
that transports blood
throughout the body.

35. Blue: Veins Red: Arteries
Smaller Tubes: Capillaries

36.  An artery is an elastic blood vessel
that transports blood away from
the heart. Arterioles is the
smallest arteries and they play a
vital role in microcirculation.
Microcirculation deals with the
circulation of blood from
arterioles to capillaries to venules
(the smallest veins).

37.  Pulmonary arteries - carry blood
from the heart to the lungs where
the blood picks up oxygen. The
oxygen rich blood is then returned
to the heart via the pulmonary
veins.
 Systemic arteries - deliver blood to
the rest of the body. The aorta is
the main systemic artery and the
largest artery of the body

39.  Tunica adventitia or
outer layer of fibrous
tissue
 Tunica media or
middle layer of
smooth muscle and
elastic tissue
 Tunica intima or
inner lining of
squamous epithelium
called endothelium.

40. A vein is an elastic blood
vessel that transports
blood from various regions
of the body to the heart.
Venules is the smallest
veins in the body.

41.  Pulmonary veins - carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left atrium of the
heart.
 Systemic veins - return deoxygenated blood
from the rest of the body to the right
atrium of the heart.
 Superficial veins - are located close to the
surface of the skin and are not located
near a corresponding artery.
 Deep veins - are located deep within muscle
tissue and are typically located near a
corresponding artery with the same name
(for example coronary arteries and veins).

42.  A capillary is an extremely small
blood vessel located within the
tissues of the body, that transports
blood from arteries to veins.
Capillaries are most abundant in
tissues and organs that are
metabolically active. For example,
muscle tissues and the kidneys have
a greater amount of capillary
networks than do connective tissues.

44.  The heart
pumps blood
into two
anatomically
separate
systems of
blood vessels.
 the pulmonary
circulation
 The systemic
circulation

45.  Systemic circulation is the part of the
cardiovascular system which carries
oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body, and returns deoxygenated
blood back to the heart. This
physiologic theory of circulation was
first described by William Harvey. This
term is opposed and contrasted to the
term pulmonary circulation first
proposed by Ibn al-Nafis.

46. Pulmonary circulation is the
portion of the cardiovascular
system which carries
oxygen-depleted blood away
from the heart, to the lungs,
and returns oxygenated
blood back to the heart.

47.  Inferiorly— the apex
rests on the central
tendon of the
diaphragm
 Superiorly—the
great blood vessels,
i.e. The aorta,
Superior vena cava,
pulmonary artery
and pulmonary veins

48.  Posteriorly—the
oesophagus,
trachea, left and
right bronchus,
descending aorta,
inferior vena cava
and thoracic
vertebrae
 Laterally—the
lungs—the left
lung overlaps the
left side of the
heart

50.  The heart is
composed of three
layers of tissue:
 Pericardium,
 Myocardium and
 endocardium.

53.  The pericardium is made up of two sacs.
The outer sac Consists of fibrous tissue
and the inner of a continuous Double
layer of serous membrane.

55. The outer layer of the serous membrane,
the parietal pericardium.
The inner layer, the visceral
pericardium, or epicardium.

56. The serous membrane consists of
flattened epithelial cells. It secretes
serous fluid into the space between the
visceral and parietal layers which
allows smooth movement between
them when the heartbeats.

57.  The myocardium is composed of
specialised cardiac muscle found only in
the heart.
 It is not under voluntary control but, like
skeletal muscle, cross stripes are seen on
microscopic examination.

59.  When an impulse is initiated it spreads
from cell to cell via the branches and
intercalated discs over the whole
‘sheet’ of muscle, causing contraction.
The 'sheet’ arrangement Of the
myocardium enables the atria and
ventricles to Contract in a coordinated
and efficient manner

60.  This forms the lining of the
myocardium and the heart valves. It
is a thin, smooth, glistening membrane
which permits smooth flow of blood
inside the heart.
 It consists of flattened epithelial cells,
continuous with the endothelium that
lines the blood vessels.