Priyanka Bhati, B.Voc Interior Design 1st Year ( Residential Design Assignments Portfolio)

PRIYANKA BHATI
B.Voc-Interior Design 1st Year
Dezyne E’cole College,
www.dezyneecole.com
PORTFOLIO
Assignment

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ASSIGNMENTS
01
On
Residential Project
At
Dezyne E’cole College
Ajmer
Submitted To
Towards The
Partial Fulfillment Of
B.Voc Interior Design
1ST Year
By
Priyanka Bhati
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel: 0145-2624679
www.Dezyneecole.Com
2018-2019
PROJECT REPORT

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02
I, Priyanka Bhati student of Dezyne E’cole College, am extremely
grateful to each other and every individual who has contributed in
successful completion of my project. I would like to express my
special thanks of gratitude towards Dezyne E’cole College and its
mentors for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for
providing me the necessary information and support regarding the
completion project.
I also want to thanks my parents and my friends who helped me a
lot in finalizing this project within a limited time frame.
Thank You,
Due Regards
Priyanka Bhati
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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03
The project report of Ms. Priyanka Bhati, a student of B.Voc
Interior Design 2nd Semester has been checked and is graded
as___________________________________________________
Thank You
Principal
(seal & sign
GRADE SHEET

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During my 1st years of degree program I have studied, concept
which are to paid attention on before planning process.
I had studied the concept of Orientation , Daylight, Ventilation,
Building bye-laws, Construction Elements & Principles of design,
Interior Furnishing, Design development and regarding from these
all I had done my assignments.
I had followed various steps to complete my assignment in which I
showed the all techniques related to the interior of a residence.
Software's like CAD, V-ray, MS Office also practiced and these
software’s help me to complete my assignments.
Through these assignment I also learned, How to do work with
time management.
SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT

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ASSIGNMENTS
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1. Construction Studies I 6-24
2. Interior Materials & Methods II 25-46
3. Digital Tools II 47-59
4. Scale Drawing & Modelling 60-70
5. History Of Art & Design 71-88
6. Anthropometrics 89-133
7. Interior Materials & Methods I 134-142
CONTENT LIST

• 10+2 CBSE (2018) –64%
Queen Mary’s girls School
• B.Voc-1st-Year Interior Design
Worked Under Rain Water Harvesting Project In
Identity Exhibition 2018
• Best Presenter In Identity Exhibition
• Winner In Various Cultural Activities Like in
Photography, Colour Code Competition, Poster Making, etc.
B.Voc – 1st semester -9.47 CGPA
ABOUT ME
I completed my 1st year of
Interior Designing from Dezyne
E’cole College affiliated by RISU
University. During my one year
of course I studied Elements &
Principles of Design,
Anthropometrics, Bioclimatics,
Interior Materials & Methods,
Construction Studies, Scale
Drawing & Modelling, and
practised MS Office, CAD,
Rendering, V-ray.
Experienced, how to work with
patience and concentration
and on time. Also experienced
of work on residential projects.
: +91-9829024839
:
EDUCATION
• Scale Drawing & Modelling
• MS Office
• Perspective Views
• Rendering
• Good Knowledge of colours, Design Elements &
Principles
• CAD
SKILLS
WORK
ACHIEVEMENTS
RESULT -1ST SEMESTER
PRIYANKA BHATI ( INTERIOR DESIGNER )
dezyneecole@gmail.com

Construction
Studies 06
Project Report
Construction Studies
Drawing Title
Introduction
Priyanka Bhati
B.Voc Interior Design 2nd Semester
In construction study, we learn about how the structure gone to be made. The structure that is the
building. The dictionary meaning of building is very simple. It simply indicates anything that is built
with walls and a roof. The term building in the architectural field is used to mean a structure, having
various components like foundations, walls, columns, floors, roof, doors, windows, ventilators stairs,
lifts,, and various type of surface finishes, etc. As a architecture is mainly concerned with the
construction of building, it is essential for him to acquire good knowledge of construction of various
components of building.
As far as the construction of any building is concerned, the procedures laid down, for its various
components are more or less the same and the architecture has to select the appropriate method
for the type of building to be constructed.
The building is defined as any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials
constructed, and every part, thereof whether used as human habitation or not and include
foundations, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, Fixed platforms,
verandah, balcony cornice or projection, part of a building or anything, affixed thereto, or any wall
enclosing or intended to enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structures.
According to National Building Code of India tents, shamianas, tarpaulin shelters, etc. are not
included in the definition of a building.
As per National Building Code of India buildings are classified into nine groups based on occupancy
as follows:
• Residential Building
• Educational Building
• Institutional Building
• Assembly Building
• Business Building
• Mercantile Building
• Industrial Building
• Storage Building
• Hazardous Buildings.

Construction
Studies 07
Project Report
Drawing Title
Detached House
Priyanka Bhati
Detached House
Detached House- It is usual
tendency of any family to have a
house surrounded by its own
land. This had led to the
formation of detached houses.
The design of a detached house
can be made considering the
individual requirements of the
family to be accommodated in
that house. Sufficient margins
are left on sides, front and rear.
It may also include amenities
such as private garden,
swimming pool, etc.
Road
Plot
Detached House
Top Plan Of Detached House
Isometric View Of Detached House

Construction
Studies 08
Project Report
Drawing Title
Semi-Detached House
Priyanka Bhati
Semi-Detached House
Road
Semi-Detached House-
A common boundary wall in the
form of structural barriers
divides an independent plot into
two units. Such a construction
helps in securing many
advantages of the detached
types of houses in addition,
economy may be achieved by
sharing expenses of common
amenities such as waterlines,
drainage lines, electric cables,
etc.
Top Plan Of Semi- Detached House
Isometric View Of Semi- Detached House

Construction
Studies 09
Project Report
Drawing Title
Row House
Priyanka Bhati
Row Houses
Row Houses
For providing reasonable
accommodation to the laborers
or workers, a row of houses with
minimum requirements such as
living room, kitchen, may be
constructed. It may be single
storied or two storied. The row-
housing yields mare net
residential density and its
preferred for the low- income
group of families.
Road
Plot
Detached House
Road
Plot
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Top Plan Of Row House
Isometric View Of Row House

Construction
Studies 10
Project Report
Drawing Title
Apartment/ Flat House
Priyanka Bhati
Apartments/ Flats
Apartment/ Flat- Due to
tendency of migration by village
population to cities, there is
considerable rise in the price of
city land and hence, it has
become practically impossible
even for the higher class of the
society to have detached house
in a thickly populated city area.
This has ;led to the conception of
apartment or flats. An
apartment or a flat consist of
three to ten stores and each floor
Or stores may accommodate two
or six flats or apartments.
Road
Flat 4Flat 1 Flat 2 Flat 3
Lift
UP
Top Plan Of Apartment/ Flats
Isometric View Of Apartment/ Flats

Construction
Studies 11
Project Report
Drawing Title
Building Components
Priyanka Bhati
Building Components
Coping
Flooring Of Terrace
Sill
Wall
RCC Lentil
Door
Plinth Level
Cornice
Window
String Course
Weather Shed
Steps
Foundation

Construction
Studies 12
Project Report
Drawing Title
Building Components
Priyanka Bhati
Building Components
Coping
Cornice
Weather Shed
Sill
String Course
RCC Lentil
Plinth Level Floor
Plinth
Steps Level
Foundation

Construction
Studies 13
Project Report
Construction Studies I
Drawing Title
Important Building Components
Priyanka Bhati
Building Components
Weathering Course
Parapet Wall
Coping
RCC Roof Slab
Weather Shed
Lintel
Window
Base Concrete
Footing
Sand Filling
Flooring
Damp proof Course
Foundation bed level
Plinth level
Brick Wall
Super Structure
Sub Structure

Construction
Studies 14
Project Report
Drawing Title
Building Bye- Laws
Priyanka Bhati
Building Components
Built- Up- Area
Parking
Set Back
S
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Garden
Bye Laws-A bye- law is a local
law framed by a subordinated
authority. The building codes is
bye laws as the standard and
specification designed to great
minimum safeguard to the
workers during construct; to the
health and comfort of users; and
to provide enough safety to the
public in general.
An order prescribed is known as
the regulation, while the law of
a local authority is known as
bye-law. Bye-law is
supplementary law or regulation Top Plan
Isometric View

Construction
Studies 15
Project Report
Drawing Title
Building Bye- Laws
Priyanka Bhati
Building Components
The Bye Laws and requirements
govern the following building
aspects:
1. Set back or building line.
2. Floor space index or built up
area.
3. Open space requirement
around the building.
4. Size of the room
5. Height of room and building.
6. Lightings and ventilation of
room
7. Water supply and sanitary
provisions
8. Structural Design or sizes and
section.
Height
Set Back
Lightning and
ventilation
Open Space

Construction
Studies 16
Project Report
Drawing Title
Stair Case
Priyanka Bhati
Stairs
Top Plan Of Stair Front Elevation Of Stair
Side Elevation Of Stair 3D view Of Stair
TECHICAL TERMs:
The definition of technical terms used in
connection with the stairs are as follows:
1. Baluster: This is a vertical member
which is fixed between string and
handrail to give support to the
handrail.
2. Landing: The horizontal platform
between two flights of a stair is known
as the landing.
3. Handrail: The inclined rail over the
string is known as a handrail.
4. Riser: The vertical or front member of
the step, which is connected to the
treads, is known as a riser.
5. Newel Post: This is the vertical
member which is placed at the ends of
flights to connect the ends of strings
and handrails.
6. Soffit: The undersurface of a stair is
known as the soffit.
7. Tread: The Horizontal upper portion of
a step is known as a tread.
8. Waist: The thickness if structural slab
in case of an RCC Stair is known as a
waist.
Landing
Tread
Tread
Riser

Construction
Studies 17
Project Report
Drawing Title
Bullnose Step
Priyanka Bhati
Top Plan Of Bullnose Step
3D View Of Bullnose Step
Side Elevation Of Stair 3D view Of Stair
STEPS:
A combination of tread and riser is
known as the Step. Following are he
common types of steps:
1.Bullnose Step: This is generally
provided at the bottom of flight. It
projects in fronts of the newel post and
its end forms a circular quadrant.
2.Commode Step: This step is a curved
riser and tread.
3.Dancing or Balanced Step: These step
do not radiate from common center.
4. Flier: This is an ordinary step of
rectangular shape
5.Winder: This is a tapering step and it
is used to change the direction of a
flight. The winders radiate from a
common center.
Flier
Riser
Bullnose Step
Winder
Dancing Step
Riser
Commode Step
Dancing Step
Commode Step
Stairs

Construction
Studies 18
Project Report
Drawing Title
Quarter Turn Staircase
Priyanka Bhati
Dezyne E’cole College Elevation Of Quarter Turn Staircase
Landing
Tread
Up
Riser
Landing
Top Plan Of Quarter Turn Staircase
3D View Of Quarter Turn Staircase
Landing
Tread
Ground Level
Riser
Quarter-Turn Staircase
In case of turning stairs, the
flights take turn. Diagram is
showing one of the of
turning stairs named
quarter- turn stairs. This
type of stairs turn through
right angle.
Stairs

Construction
Studies 19
Project Report
Drawing Title
Open Newel
Priyanka Bhati
Open Newel Staircase
A stair turning through two
right angles is known as a
half- turn stair may be of
dog- legged or open newel
type.
In case of an open newel
stair there is well or hole or
opening between the flights
in plan. This well may be
rectangular or of any
geometrical shape and it can
be used for flxing lift. These
stairs useful where available
space for staircase has a
width greater than the width
of steps.
Riser
Landing
Tread
Tread
Landing
Up
Down
Open Geometrical Well
Top Plan Of Open Newel
Elevation Of Open Newel
3D View Of Open Newel
Ground Floor
Riser
Tread
First Floor
Stairs

Construction
Studies 20
Project Report
Drawing Title
Ledge Doors and Ledge &Braced Doors
Priyanka Bhati
Doors
Wall
Frame Frame
Ledge Ledge Brace
Inside Inside
Outside Outside
Batten Batten
Ledge Door Enlarged Part-plan Ledge And Braced Door Enlarged Part-plan
Head
Top Ledge
Frame
Middle Ledge
Batten Braces
Bottom Ledge
Ledge Doors:
A ledged door is formed of the
vertical boards, Known as the batten,
which are secured by horizontal
supports, known as the ledges. The
battens are 100mm to 150mm wide
and 20mm to 30mm thick. The
batten are secured by means of
suitable joints and the shutter is hung
on T- hinges which are fixed on
ledges. This is the simplest form of
door and it is used where strength
and appearance are not important
Ledge And Braced Doors:
These are similar to the ledge doors
except that the diagonal members,
known as the braces, are provided.
The braces are generally 100mm to
150mm wide and 30mm thick. The
braces give rigidity to the doors and
are usually housed in the ledges.
Braces are usually slope upward from
the hanging side as they have to
work in compression.

Construction
Studies 21
Project Report
Drawing Title
Double Leafed Door
Priyanka Bhati
Doors
Detail B
Detail A
Frame Frame
Style Style
Outside
Meeting
Style
Double Leafed Door With Six Panels Plan
Top Rail
Panel
Frieze Rail
Style
Frame
Bottom Rail
Double Leafed Door With Six Panels Plan Elevation
Frame Style Panel
Detail B
Style
Frame
Panel
Frame
PanelStyle
Meeting
Style
Detail A
Framed and paneled doors:
This is the most usual variety of
door and it consist of a frame work
in which panels are fitted. The
thickness of panels are fitted. The
thickness of panels is about 20mm.
The panels are secured in position
by grooves made inside the edges of
the framework. The number and
size of panels depend upon the
architect’s design or owner’s desire
but the number varies from one to
six and panels are molded to add to
the beauty of the doors. For small
openings, the shutters are of single
leaf while double-leafed are used
for a large openings.

Construction
Studies 22
Project Report
Drawing Title
Sliding Doors
Priyanka Bhati
Doors
Frame
Wall
Opening
Wall Wall
Frame
Opening
Frame
Opening
Wall
Frame
Door
Opening
Channel
Track
Shutter
Handel
Guide
Level
Floor
Sliding doors:
In this type of doors, the shutters
slides on the sides with the help of
runners and guide.
The shutter may be of one or
several leaves and can sides. The
cavities may be provided in the wall
to receive the door in an open
position or it may simply lie
touching the wall.
It does not cause any obstruction
during movement and is used for
entrances of godowns, sheds,
shops, showrooms, etc. it is
provided with handles, locking
arrangement stopper etc.
Double Shutter Sliding on Both Side Plan
Double Shutter Sliding on One Side Plan
Sliding Door With Single Shutter And Sliding
Arrangement Elevation
Single Shutter Sliding On One side Plan

Construction
Studies 23
Project Report
Drawing Title
Casement Window
Priyanka Bhati
Windows
Casement Windows:
These are the windows, the shutters
of which open like doors. The
construction of a casement window
is similar to the door construction
and it consists of a frame, styles,
rails, vertical and horizontal sash
bars and sometimes it also include
mullions and transoms.
Frame
Wall
Shutters
Bottom Rail
Frame
Style
Top Rail
Meeting
Style
Style Meeting
Style
Glazed
Panel
Casement Windows Elevation

Construction
Studies 24
Project Report
Drawing Title
Windows
Priyanka Bhati
Windows
Mosquito- Proofing:
To avoid the nuisance if mosquitoes and
flies, it becomes necessary to make
mosquitoes-proof shutters of doors,
windows and ventilators. Such type of
construction is very much useful for
doors, windows and ventilators of
refreshments rooms, sweet shops,
kitchen, hotels etc.
Doors: In case of doors, the ordinary
paneled shutters are provided on the
floor side and they open outside. In
inside shutters are provided with wire-
gauge and an automatic arrangement’ in
the form of a spring hinges’ is also
provided.
Windows: In figure its shown the
arrangement of mosquito proofing which
is opening outside. In order to open the
shutters of window from inside the roto
mechanism is provided. The fixed wire
gauge is provided to the shutters of
windows so that they simply lie against
the wall and their by do not form any
obstruction
Frame
Inside
Outside Paneled Shutters
Inside
Outside
Wire Gauge
Shutter
Spring
Hinge
Mosquito Proof Window Plan
Wire Gauge in
steel frame
Metal
Window
Inside
Outside Wire Gauge in
wood frame
Window Shutters
Roto
Mechanism

Interior Material
& Methods
25
Project Report
Interior Material & Methods
Drawing Title
Introduction
Priyanka Bhati
B.Voc Interior Design 2nd
Semester
Interior spaces are defined by the use of architectural elements,
walls, floors and ceilings. These elements also gave a shape or to
interior spaces. These major elements of interior spaces are
developed modified and enhanced depending on the type of an
activity and user wishes. Said elements make interior spaces
habitable. As walls, floors and ceilings are the major element of
architectural design of space, the usage of furnishing are the
essential products for interior space. Furnishings are part of interior
spaces and main architectural elements, creating a background for
the usage. Furnishings, are significant part and products for the
design of interior spaces. They make interiors habitable by providing
comfort and adjusting in type of an activity. People prefer to use
furnishing as they have sustaining people's activities in a more
comfortable way. In other words, sitting on a stool or chair is more
comfortable than sitting on a ground. Furnishings are special and
ergonomic products in people's lives in order to conform the type of
an activity. In addition to fulfill specific function furnishings, should
be adaptable to the character of activity. The form, line, color,
texture, and the scale of furnishing products, also affect the type of
an activity. Furnishings, thus give people a chance to a functional for
different functions within the architectural elements walls, floor,
and ceilings. Furnishings are generally selected depending on user
choices and wishes. There is not any certain rule that should be
obeyed. They differ from design to design, person to person and
offer a transition between interior space, and the people. The way
of using furnishings affects the usage of space. Circulation and flow
among spaces are also influenced by furnishings. When furnishings
are placed by professional people related to space design, they
provide comfortable movement within a space.

Interior Material
& Methods
26
Project Report
Drawing Title
Rug size and Placement
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Do This
Or This
Not This
The Dos of
Rug Size and Placement
Living Room
• In a large room with a
floating seating area the
rug should contain all
piece of furniture,
including front and back
legs, with space round
• Rug size to consider.
10’x 12’ , 9’x12’
• If your sofa is up
against that at least
the front legs of all
furniture are on the
rug.
• Rug size to consider
18’x 10’ , 5’x8’ (If
your furniture is sparse
or petite)
• Skip to a small rug that
is only under the coffee
table. Your feet should
always rest on the rug
when you're seated.
• Rug size to avoid
5’x8’ (If your furniture
large) , 4’x6’

Interior Material
& Methods
27
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Dining room
Do This
Not This
• Choose a rug that
generously holds your table
and chairs even when they
are pulled out from table
• It should have at least 24”
of extra room on all sides
9’’x 12’ , 8’x10’
• Avoid a too- small rug that
barely contains the table and
chairs
5’’x 8’ , 4’x6’
Do This
Not This
• The same rules apply with a
round table. The rug whether
circular or rectangular should
extend well passed the dining
chairs
7’ to 9’ in diameter
• The same rules apply with a
round table. The rug whether
circular or rectangular should
extend well passed the dining
chairs
7’ to 9’ in diameter

Interior Material
& Methods
28
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Bed Room
Do This Or This
• A slightly smaller room
that comes just below
the night stands is also a
“do”.
8’x10’
• Don’t use a smaller rug
centered around the
foot of the bed. That
looks like a postage
stamp and very out of
scale. You want softness
under your feet when
you get out of bed
5’’x 8’
Do This
Try This
• Another small solution is
using too small rugs on either
side of bed. This works
particularly well if you have
dresser or desk on one side of
your bed instead of night
stand.
4’ x6’,3’x5’
• For a bedroom with abed in a
corner or in a room with two twin
beds. Choose a runner for along
the side of the bed- it work great.
2’6”x 7’
Not This
• For a spacious room choose a
rug large enough to hold the
bed, provide extra width for
walking on either side and at
the end of the bed. It should
go under all furniture.
9’’x 12’ for king , 8’x10’ for
queen

Interior Material
& Methods
29
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Rug
Size & Placement
Guide
LIVING ROOM
Do
Do
Don’t
Don’t
8’
11’
5’
8’
3’
8’
8’
5’

30
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Rug
Size & Placement
Guide
DINING ROOM
Do
Do Don’t
Don’t
8’
8’
8’
8’
8’
11’
Interior Material
& Methods

31
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Rug Assignments
Rug
Size & Placement
Guide
BED ROOM
8’
11’
8’
11’
8’
5’
8’
8’
Do
Do
Don’t
Don’t
Interior Material
& Methods

32
Project Report
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
Quick Tricks For Good Looking Windows
Make The Room Look Bigger
Hang curtain rods as close to
ceiling as possible
Extend curtain rod 10-12” past
window frame on each side
Choosing The Right Length
Sill Height
Just touches the window sill
Apron Length
Falls 4-6” below window frame
Floor Length
Dusts The Floor
Window Length
Length Of Curtain Rod= 20-24” wider than
window
Treating Tiny Window
• Keep it simple
• Use a plantation shutter
or inside-mount blinds
• Foe softness, add a single
panel swagged to the side
Dressing Wide Windows
• Use stationary panels
• Use two short rods,
instead of one long
one
• For functional curtains
• Sew multiple panel
together
Curtain Assignments
Interior Material
& Methods

33
Project Report
Drawing Title
Curtain Assignments
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
WIDTH
To give your window the illusion that they are
much wider extend the curtain rod 3-6” beyond
the window frame.
HEIGHT
To give your room the illusion of taller ceilings
mount the curtain rod 4-6” above the window
frame.
Interior Material
& Methods

34
Project Report
Drawing Title
Curtain Assignments
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
HOW TO MEASURE A WINDOW FOR CURTAINS
Here is what you need to get started
Measuring For Curtain Length
TOP TO BOTTOM- Measure one to three inches above the top edge
of the window frame down to where you want your curtain to end.
 Metal tape measure  Pencil and Paper  A Level
Tab Curtains? Include the tabs in your measurements.
Clip rings? Measure from top of clip , but don’t include The
ring.
• Floor Length- Dusts the
floor want them to “
pool’? Add 3” to length
• Apron Length-
Falls four –six
inches below
window frame.
WHERE TO END IT?
• Sill Length- Touches
the window sill.
MEASURE AND
ROUND– Measure at the
top, middle and bottom of
the window, then round to
the Nearest 1/8 inch.
Finals
Measurecertainlengthfromrod
pockettodesirelength
Sill Length
Apron Length
Interior Material
& Methods

35
Project Report
Drawing Title
Curtain Assignments
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
Measuring For Curtain Width
SIDE TO SIDE-Measure your width from bracket to bracket, usually
20-24” wider than the window’s width
GUIDE TO FULLNESS
 For a general fullness, multiple the
width measurement by 1.5-2 inches
 Sheers- Triple the width on sheer
panels for a long appearance and
light control.
 Lace-Add 12-24 inches to the
window width so the lace pattern will
show.
 Pinch-Pleated Draperies- Only add
12 inches to the width.
Finals
Sill Length
Apron Length
Measure curtain width from finals to finals
Interior Material
& Methods

36
Project Report
Interior Materials & Methods
Drawing Title
Curtain Assignments
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
HOW TO HANG CURTAINS
(and how not to)
Curtains hung too close together
making window appear smaller and
letting less light in
This rod is too low resting at
the same level of window sill
Curtains rod should be hang 3-6”
outside of the width of the window,
covering more of the window to
show and light to come in
Rod should be hung ABOVE
the window sill- anywhere
from 6” to as big as the ceiling
WRONG
CORRECT
Interior Material
& Methods

37
Project Report
Drawing Title
Curtain Assignments
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Curtain Assignments
HOW TO HANG CURTAINS
(and how not to)
ROMAN
BEST FOR
Elongating Window
CELLULAR
BEST FOR
Room Darkening
VENETIAN
BEST FOR
Noise Control
GROMMET
BEST FOR
Noise Control
CAFE
BEST FOR
Kitchen
TAP TOP
BEST FOR
Kitchen
VALANCE
BEST FOR
Old School elegance
SWAGS
BEST FOR
Letting in natural
light
SHUTTER
Interior Material
& Methods

38
Project Report
Interior Material And Methods
Drawing Title
Hanging Art
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Hanging Art
• Picture frame size- 2’ X 3’
• Distance between sofa and
picture frame- 6”
• Picture frame size- 2’ X 2’
• Distance between sofa and
picture frame- 3”
• Distance between one frame
to another frame – 1.5”
• Total areas of Frames- 9’ X 5’ X
8”
2’
2’
• Main frame size-
2’ X 2’
• Small frame size-
9” X 9”
• Distance between
sofa and picture
frame- 3”
• Distance between
one frame to
another frame –
1.5”
9”
9”2’
Interior Material
& Methods

39
Project Report
Interior Materials And
Methods
Drawing Title
Hanging Art
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Hanging Art
GUIDE TO HANGING ART
Do
Don't
6”
Don't
60” From the floor
Don’t hang artwork too far apart,
Don’t Hang artwork too high
from furniture
Don’t leave too much open space
Do
Artwork should be about 2/3 width
of furniture
Hang artwork 2-3 inches apart
Hang artwork a couple inches
DoDon't
Interior Material
& Methods

40
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Hanging Art
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Hanging ArtInterior Material
& Methods
60” 60” 60”
7”
18”
1’6”
1’
60” 60”
18” 18” 18” 18”
Length of wall

41
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Hanging Art
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
Hanging ArtInterior Material
& Methods
PICTURE
HANGING
Large pictures over a
fire place,
Proportioned to piece
of furniture small
picture grouped to
make a large unit,
pairs of picture in
asymmetrical
arrangement are
examples of a simple
improvement which
your eye will catch at
once
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes

42
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Hanging Art- lighting
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
LightingInterior Material
& Methods
Lighting Size&
Placement Guide
HOW LARGE SHOULD YOUR FIXTURE BE?
When large should your fixture, the primary factor to consider is THE
AVAILABLE SPACE.
IN THE CENTER OF A ROOM
OVER A TABLE
Measure the length
and width of the
room and add those
numbers together. To
achieve a balanced
look in the room, the
diameter of your
fixture should be one
twelfth of the size
The diameter of your
fixture should be 12”
less than the width of
the table, to avoid
bumping heads.
1/12
-12

43
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
& Methods
Lighting Size&
Placement Guide
WHERE AND HOW HIGH SHOULD IT GO?
No only will proper placement of your light fixture enhance the
room décor. It will allow maximum illumination of the room. The
ideal location for your fixture varies slightly according to the room
it will occupy.
IN THE HALLWAY
OVER A DINING TABLE
The key is to keep the
lighting in one’s line
or sight. Hallways
with higher ceilings
should utilize a lower-
hanging light fixture.
There should be at
least 7 feet clearance
between the floor
and lightning fixture.
Allow 28-32 inches of
space between the
table surface and the
lightning fixture.
28”-32”
7’

44
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
& Methods
Lighting Size&
Placement Guide
ABOVE A KITCHEN ISLAND
Lightning over a
kitchen island is
imperative for safety
(in food preparation)
as well as aesthetics. A
contemporary trends is
to install a trip of
pendants over the
island. Fixtures should
be placed 72” above
the countertop
lightning fixtures
should be high enough
so that occupants of
the area won’t have to
state directly into the
lights.
Clearance between
the bottom of the
fixture and height of
the tallest occupant
should be 20 to 24”
THE STAIRWELL
28-34”7’
18-24”

45
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
& Methods
Lighting Size&
Placement Guide
IN THE MIDDLE OF A ROOM
IN THE BEDROOM
Most rooms call for a
7’ clearance between
the light fixture and
the floor. However it
placed above a coffee
table or other piece of
furniture can be hang
lower because there is
no risk of walking into
it.
The standard
height for a
light fixture in
the bathroom is
7’ from the
floor. If you are
hanging the
fixture directly
above the bed
make sure that
when you kneel
on the bed the
fixture is at 6”
above your
head.
7’
7’6”

46
Project Report
Methods
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Semester
& Methods
Lighting Size&
Placement Guide
IN THE BATHROOM
IN THE BEDROOM
A popular choice of
bathroom lighting is
sconces traditionally
placed on both sides
of the mirror. A more
recent twist is to use
pendants is much the
same way sconces.
Since these fixture
will be used as task
lightning for daily
grooming purposes
rather than ambient
lightning, they should
be placed at eye level
at least 60” off the
floor and spaced at
least 28”apart.
Generally, sconces
and pendants are not
the only source of
light.
The optimal height
for a foyer chandelier
is a minimum of 80-
84” from the floor to
the bottom of the
chandelier. If the
foyer is two stones
high. The fixture
should hang no lower
than the point

48
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
3D Prototype-1
Priyanka Bhati
Living RoomDIGITAL
TOOLS II
Front View
Submission Date
22-03-2019

DIGITAL 49
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Living Room
TOOLS II
Side View
Working Screen Top View
Front View
Submission Date
22-03-2019
3D Prototype-1

DIGITAL 50
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Living Room
TOOLS II
Submission Date
28-03-2019
Front View
3D Prototype-2

DIGITAL 51
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Living Room
TOOLS II
Submission Date
28-03-2019
Front View Side View
3D Prototype-2

DIGITAL 52
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Study Room
TOOLS II
Submission Date
29-03-2019
Front View
3D Prototype-3

DIGITAL 53
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
Study Room
TOOLS II
Submission Date
29-03-2019
Front View Side View
3D Prototype-3

DIGITAL 54
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Living Room
Front View
3D Prototype-4

DIGITAL 55
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Living Room
Side View
Top View
Front View
Working Screen
3D Prototype-4

DIGITAL 56
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Soho
Side View
3D Prototype-5

DIGITAL 57
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Soho
Side View
Top View
Front View
Working Screen
3D Prototype-5

DIGITAL 58
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Dining Room
Side View
3D Prototype-6

DIGITAL 59
Project Report
Digital Tools II
Drawing Title
Priyanka Bhati
TOOLS II
Submission Date
08-04-2019
Dining Room
Side View
Front View
Top ViewWorking Screen
3D Prototype-6

Priyanka Bhati
B.Voc.Interior Design 1ST Year
www.dezyneecole.com
60
Scale Drawing & Modeling
Drawing is considered to be a universal language. Drafting is a technical drawing used by designer to graphically present ideas and
represent objects necessary for a designed environment. A set of these drafted illustration is called construction document (CD). There
are common rule and standards to ensure that all designers are able to understand what is in the drawing these design drawings use a
graphic language to communicate, each and every piece of information necessary to convey an idea, and ultimately create a design.
……………Architectural drafting is basically pictorial images of building, interiors, details or other items that need to be built. These are
different from other types of drawings, as they are drawn to scale, include accurate measurements and detailed information and other
information necessary to build a structure. These documents are graphic representation to communicate, how to do the construction,
remodeling or installation of a design project. These include drawing for floor plans, elevations, sections, details, ceiling plans, finished
schedules, and mechanical information such as, electrical, plumbing, air conditioning and heating plans.
Scale Drawing &
Modeling

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
61
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Scale Specification

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
62
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Scale Specification, Geometric Shapes & Letter Writing

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
63
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Dimension Lines, Paper Sizes, Isometric Views of Cube & Cuboid

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
64
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Isometric View of Pyramid, Prism & Cylinder Axonometric View Of Cube

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
65
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Axonometric View Of Cuboid, Pyramid, Prism, Cylinder

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
66
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Oblique View Of Cube, Orthographic Projection Of Cube & Cuboid, Geometric Pattern

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
67
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Geometric Pattern

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
68
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Geometric Pattern & Orthographic Projection

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
69
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Orthographic Projections & Shading

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
70
Scale Drawing &
Modeling
Orthographic Projections & 1 Point & 2 Point Perspective

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
History Of Art & Design
The history of art focuses on objects made by humans in visual form for aesthetic purposes. Visual art can be classified in diverse
ways such as separating fine arts from applied art; inclusively focusing on human creativity; or focusing on different media such as
architecture, sculpture, painting, photography, and graphic arts. In recent years, technology advances have led to video art
computer art, performance art animation TV and video games.
The history of art is often told as a chronology of masterpieces created during each civilization. It can thus be framed as a story of
high culture epitomized by the Wonders Of The World. On the other hand, vernacular art expresses can also be integrated into art
historical narratives, referred to as folk art or craft. The more closely that an art historian engages with these latter form of culture,
the more likely it is that they will identify their work as examining visual culture or material culture, or as contributing to fields
related to art history, such as anthropology, or archaeology. In the later cases, the art objects may be referred to as archaeological
artifacts.
71

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Famous Lines
Contrasting Lines
72

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Emphasis
Emphasis
Illusion
Emphasis
Illusion
73

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Overlapping Cuboid
Shapes
Geometric Grid
Edge to Edge connecting cubes
74

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Space
Negative &
Positive Shape
Symmetry
Symmetry
75

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Geometrical Pattern
Pattern
Geometrical Pattern
Balance
76

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Texture
Structural
Composition
Rhythm
& Movement
Principles of Design
77

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Elements Of art
Unity
Gestalt
Proportion
78

Submitted ByTopic -Plane
Tints
Tones
Shades
Adding Grey Tones
Adding White Tints
Adding Black Shades
Colours
Tints / Tones / Shades
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
79

The Psychology of
Colours
RED ORANGE
Red
Conveys boldness,
drama, romance,
power, passion and
even danger.
Vibrant
Red can heighten
senses while easily red
tones create warmth
and comfort.
Perfect
For a dining area an
accent colour on one
wall or as the main
colour in small space.
Orange
Conveys friendliness,
happiness, innovation,
energy and fun.
Warm
Orange colour
attract attention ,
making a space
feel approachable
and welcoming.
Perfect
For an entryway,
the kitchen or as
an accent for
bookcases and
shelves.
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
79
The Psychology of Colours

The Psychology of
Colours
Purple
Blue
Conveys strength,
dependability,
tranquility , calm,
freshness and serenity.
Versatile
Blues can create a
mood that is cheerful
and refreshing or
reflecting and
intellectual .
Perfect
For the main bedroom,
ceiling and making
small room feels larger
(with pale shades) .
Purple
Conveys mystery,
regality, eccentricity ,
luxury, exoticism and
sophistication .
AS A
Combination of red
and blue, purple
can be dramatic
subtle exciting or
calming
.
Perfect
For a formal living
room, a kids room
or as a backdrop
for antique silver.
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Blue
80

The Psychology of
Colours
Yellow Green
Yellow
Conveys optimism,
lime essence,
hospitality,
peacefulness and
creativity.
Sunny
Uplifting yellows can
promote
communication and
propose concentration.
Perfect
For a breakfast nook or
to brighten dark
hallways and rooms
without windows.
Green
Conveys growth,
renewal, relaxation,
gentleness,
reassurance and safety
.
Soothing
Green are the
colours of nature,
so they create a
calming, feel- good
atmosphere.
Perfect
For a spa like
bathroom or a
library.
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
81

The Psychology of
Colours
Brown
Brown
Conveys security
robustness, warmth,
stability, earthiness and
comfort.
Organic
Inviting brown evoke
scene of nature
encouraging you to
slow down and relax.
Perfect
For counterbalancing
contrasting,
highlighting or toning
down other colours .
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
82

Colour Schemes
Analogous
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Analogous
One might think of analogous colours are neighbor
since they are adjacent to each other on the colour
wheel. Analogous colour inherently look good together
since they have similar origins. This scheme is often
found in nature.
Analogous
Orange / Yellow Orange / Yellow Green
Analogous
Analogous Colour Scheme
83

Colour Schemes
Complementary
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
Complementary
Any two colours opposite of each other on the colour
wheel are termed complementary colours. As implied,
complementary colours enhance each other and
almost always look great together. You see this scheme
in many aspect of your everyday life. For example, the
reds and green of Christmas.
Complementary
Red/ Green
Complementary
84
Complementary Colour Scheme

Submitted By
Principles Of Design
Balance
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
BALANCE
Balance in interior design refers to the proper
distribution of objects in a room to create visual
balance. Balance refers to the distribution of visual
weight within a composition. Lack of balance disturbs
the harmony of composition . A work that is
unbalanced visually creates tension. Balance is created
when there is equilibrium of elements that need each
other and together they create unity.
Balance
 Every Single Design
Elements
Should Compile With Home
Interior
 Must Have Symmetrical
And Asymmetrical Balance
Pillow colour in
exciting print to set
off neutral colour
Use end tables on
either side of the
sofa
Balance
85

Submitted By
Harmony
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
HARMONY
Harmony is the word which means something is very
soothing or calm or we can say that use of same
material, colour, texture. Rhythm have harmony,
repetition have harmony pattern have harmony.
Harmony
 Create a sense of piece  Elements should work
together without clashing
Pillow colour in
off neutral colour
Use end tables on
either side of the
sofa
Harmony
All major furniture is
in same colour
Texture and
fabrics can still
vary
86

Submitted By
Harmony
Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
RHYTHM
The design principle that suggest connected
movements between different parts of a design by
using colours, lines, forms, or textures also referred to
as continuity rhythm is usual flow: the eyes should be
able to flow smoothly across the room. Regular
repetition of lines shapes or colours that create a
movement. Pattern have rhythm. Rhythm refers to a
way of utilizing the art element to produce the look
and feel of rhythmic movement with a visual tempo or
beat. Rhythm is a feeling of structured movement
created by the repetition of elements. Rhythm can be
used to create a sense of movement in, through or
around a design repeated elements and the spaces
between them make patterns that we experience as
rhythm. This helps to give a composition visual
harmony by creating unity in a layout.
Harmony
 Create a sense of piece  Elements should work
together without clashing
Pillow colour in
off neutral colour
Use end tables on
either side of the
sofa
Rhythm
Wall paintings and wall
art colour must compile
with your sofa upholstery
Fabric used in sofa
cushion should match
with your sofa
87

Anthropometric For
Residential Spaces

Anthropometric For Residential Spaces
ANTHROPOMETRICS is a study of human dimension. Paying attention to human body measurement for a client is important.
These dimensions need to be considered for the following categories:
Male, female, child, teenager, old age and handicapped. The requirement of all these people. As per the dimension varies
because of which the layout of the plan and space planning done is also different. For example, if we have designed for blind
person, a person on a wheelchair, a toilet facility for an old person, a bedroom for a teenager, etc. All these points addressed have
to be attained as differently, as all these people require different measurement of space utilization.
ERGONOMICS means designing a space with the use of anthropometrics data for usable zones. For example, devising of proper
relaxation chair while watching TV, selection of door handle for opening doors, The selection of many other things based on
anthropometrics data. Ergonomic means providing human comfort in the design of products.

SITTING
Anthropometric for Residential Spaces
90

Project Report Drawing Title Date of Submission Submitted to Submitted by
Digital Tools Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Inch Cm.
A 17 43.2
B 13.5-15 33.6-48.2
C 14-19 35.6-48.2
D 5-7.5 12.7-19
E 4-8 1.2-20.3
This diagram shows the more
critical measurements to be
considered in the design of the
typical work or secretarial chair. To
function properly its design must be
responsive to human dimension.
Anthropometrically, the two most
common and important
measurements are buttock –
popliteal length and popliteal
height. Provisions for support of the
lumbar region by proper location of
a backrest is essential for a
successful design.
Priyanka Bhati
1st Year B.Voc Interior Design
Backrest
Reference
Point
105
D
E
C
SeatHeight
Seat Reference
Point
15
WORK/SECRETERIAL CHAIR
SIDE VIEW
B
SeatDepth
A
Seat Width
PLAN VIEW
Anthropometric For
Sitting
22-01-2019
92

www.dezyneecole.com
The top diagram shows
dimensions for a general
purpose chair intended for brief
periods of use.
The bottom diagram shows the
dimensions for an executive
chair, a type intended for a
longer duration of use. The
buttock popliteal length governs
the seat depth. The very large
person, however, would find
that such a depth might leave a
substantial portion of his thigh
unsupported.
Inch Cm.
A 31-33 78.7-83.8
B 15.5-16 39.4-40.6
C 16-17 40.6-43.2
Priyanka Bhati
EXECUTIVE CHAIR
Seat Reference
Point
105
A
C
SeatHeight
15
B
14
Backrest
Reference
Point
SIDE VIEW PLAN VIEW
C
Seat Width
Digital Tools Anthropometric For
Sitting
22-01-2019
93

www.dezyneecole.com
The top diagram shows
dimensions for a general
purpose chair intended for brief
periods of use.
The bottom diagram shows the
dimensions for an executive
chair, a type intended for a
longer duration of use. The
buttock popliteal length governs
the seat depth. The very large
person, however, would find
that such a depth might leave a
substantial portion of his thigh
unsupported.
Inch Cm.
D 17-24 43.2-61
E 0-6 0-15.2
F 15.5-18 39.4-45.7
G 8-10 20.3-25.4
H 12 30.5
I 18-20 45.7-50.8
J 24-28 61-71.1
K 23-29 58.4-73.7
Priyanka Bhati
GENERAL PURPOSE CHAIR
Backrest
Reference
Point
Seat Reference
Point
105
D
E
C
SeatHeight
15
F
C
Seat Width
SIDE VIEW PLAN VIEW
Sitting
22-01-2019
94

www.dezyneecole.com
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
Inch Cm.
A 30 76.2
B 24 60.96
Sitting
22-01-2019 Priyanka Bhati
Low DensityHigh Density
95

LIVING SPACES
Anthropometric for
96

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
SOFA SEATING FOR MALES
A
A
B B
D D D
B
C
E
Inch cm.
A 42-48 106.7-
121.9
B 6-9 15.2-22.9
C 3-6 7.6-15.2
D 28 71.1
E 90-96 228.6-243.8
98

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
Inch cm.
A 26 66.0
B 58 147.3
C 84-90 213.4-
228.6
D 40-46 101.6-
116.8
E 6-9 15.2-22.9
A A A
C
A A
D
D
E
B
SOFA SEATING FOR FEMALES
99

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
LOUNGE SEATING /CLEARANCES
A
CB B
Varies
DD
Eye level
E
F
E
Coffee Table
Inch cm.
A 84-112 213.
4-284.5
B 13-16 33.0-40.6
C 58-80 147.3-203.2
D 16-18 40.6-45.7
E 14-17 35.6-43.2
F 12-18 30.5-45.7
100

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
LOUNGE SEATING/ CLEARANCE RELATIONSHIPS
A BVaries
c
Inch cm.
A 84-112 213.4-
284.5
B 13-16
33.0-40.6
C 12-16
30.5-45.7
101

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
I J
E E
Back
Support Foot
Support
Head
Support
Foot
Support
Back
Support
Head
Support
Reclining Chair With Footrest / Male And Female
Inch cm.
E 14-17 35.6-43.2
I 60-68 152.4-
172.7
J 54-62 137.2-
157.5
102

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Living Space
WALL UNIT / ACCESS BY FEMALE
B Cabinet with drawersA
C Cabinet with doors
D Cabinet with drawers
E Cabinet with doors
Activity
Zone
Activity
Zone
WALL UNIT / ACCESS BY MALE
23
23
A
G
F
Inch cm.
A 18-24 45.7-61.0
B 48-58 121.9-
147.3
C 36-40 91.4-101.6
D 46-52 116.8-
132.1
E 30-36 76.2-91.4
F 72 182.9
G 69 175.3
103

www.dezyneecole.com
Living Space
Light
Source
Max. Viewing Distance
Min. Viewing Distance
Eye level
varies
Eye level
D
ASSUMEMIN.&MAX.HEIGHTOF96’’-120’’INCH
A
B
C
Inch cm.
A 16-24
40.6-61.0
B 60-78
152.4-
198.1
C 30-42
76.2-106.7
D 36
91.4
104

DINING
105

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Dining Space
BREAKFAST / KITCHEN TABLE FOR FOUR
JI I
Minimum
clearance
Minimum Width of
Breakfast table
Minimum
clearance
D
BG
Minimum
clearance
PLACE-
SETTING
ZONE
SHARED ACCESS
ZONE
Line of wall
Or obstruction
Inch cm.
A 96-102 243.8-
259.1
B 18-24 45.7-61.0
C 12 30.5
D 30 76.2
E 132-144 335.3-
365.8
F 96 243.8
G 18 45.7
H 54 137.2
I 36-42 91.4-106.7
J 48min 121.9min
K 18min 45.7min
107

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Dining Space
36-INCHES (91.4CM) DIAMETER BREAKFAST/KITCHEN TABLE FOR FOUR
Place Seating
Zone
Shared
Access Zone
F G H
I
Table Diameter
Circulation Zone
B
C
ED
A
B
Inch cm.
A 30 min 76.2min
B 6 15.2
C 24 61.0
D 18-24 45.7-61.0
E 12 30.5
F 48-54 121.9-
137.2
G 36 91.4
H 60-63 76.2-91.4
I 114-126 289.6-
320.0
108

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Dining Space
Place Seating
Zone
Shared
Access Zone
C
E
DKD
J
Table Diameter
Sitting
ZoneH
48-INCHES (121.9CM) DIAMETER CIRCULAR TABLE FOR FOUR/ MINIMUM SCHEME
Inch cm.
C 24 61.0
D 18-24 45.7-61.0
E 12 30.5
H 30-36 76.2-91.4
I 114-126 289.6-
320.0
K 48 121.9
109

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Dining Space
72-INCHES (152.4CM) DIAMETER CIRCULAR TABLE FOR SIX / OPTIMUM SEATING
Place
Seating
Zone
Shared
Access Zone
E
G
D
B
H
Table Diameter
Inch cm.
A 96-108 243.8-
274.3
B 18-24 45.7-61.0
C 60 152.4
D 30 76.2
E 12 30.5
F 30-36 76.2-91.4
G 72 182.9
H 132-144 353.3-
365.8
110

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Dining Space
72-INCHES (152.4CM) DIAMETER CIRCULAR TABLE FOR EIGHT / MINIMUM SCHEME
Place Seating
Zone
Shared
Access Zone
E
C
D
A
Table Diameter
F
B B
Sitting
zone
Inch cm.
A 132-144 335.3-
365.8
B 30-36 76.2-91.4
C 72 182.9
D 18-24 45.7-61.0
E 12 30.5
111

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Dining Space
CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN DINING TABLE AND BUFFET
Sitting Zone
G
D
K
J
Minimum Clearance
Circulation Zone
H
D
Overall table to Wall dimension
I
Chair To Buffet Clearance
Standing
Activity
Zone
Buffet
B
Dining
Table
Inch cm.
B 30-36 76.2-91.4
D 18-24 45.7-61.0
G 50-54 127.0-
137.2
H 50-60 127.0-
152.4
I 54 137.2
J 86-102 218.4-
259.1
K 90-96 228.6-
243.8
112

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Dining Space
MINIMUM CHAIR CLEARANCE / NO CIRCULATION
Sitting Zone
E
Minimum Clearance
A
B
D
C
Eye level
Line of wall
Inch cm.
A 30-36 76.2-91.4
B 18-24 45.7-61.0
C 16-17 40.6-43.2
D 7.5 min 19.1min
E 29-30 73.7-76.2
F 48-60 121.9-152.4
113

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Dining Space
MINIMUM CLEARANCE BEHIND CHAIR IN PLACE
Sitting Zone
E
Circulation Zone
F
B
D
C
A
Eye level
Line of wall
Inch cm.
A 30-36 76.2-91.4
B 18-24 45.7-61.0
C 16-17 40.6-43.2
D 7.5 min 19.1min
E 29-30 73.7-76.2
F 48-60 121.9-152.4
114

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Dining Space
A
B
C D E D C
B
G
H
F
Sitting
Zone
Circulation Zone Circulation ZoneSitting
Zone
Hanging
Fixtures
MINIMUM DINING AREA WIDTH
In cm
A 132-162 335.3-411.5
B 66-81 167.6-205.7
C 30-36 76.2-91.4
D 18-24 45.7-61
E 36-42 91.4-106.7
F 29-30 73.7-76.2
G 27 68.6
H 19 48.3
115

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Dining Space
MINIMUM CLEARANCE BEHIND EXTENDED CHAIR
I
C C
J
E K
F
L
Overall Clearance
From Edge of Table
Circulation Zone Service ZoneChair In Extended
Position
Line of wall
In cm
C 30-36 76.2-91.4
E 36-42 91.4-106.7
F 29-30 73.7-76.2
I 60-72 152.4-182.9
J 54-60 137.2-152.4
K 18 45.7
L 29-36 73.7-91.4
116

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Dining Space
MINIMUM CLEARANCE FOR TWO BEHIND EXTENDED CHAIR
C
B
D
E EA
F
Circulation Zone For Two People Chair In Extended
Position
In cm
A 12-18 30.5-45.7
B 90-96 228.6-243.8
C 60 152.4
D 30-36 76.2-91.4
E 30 76.2
F 29-30 73.7-76.2
117

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Dining Space
BANQUETTE SEATING / SERVICE AND PASSAGE CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT
G
J
I
H
K D
F
L
M
Sitting Zone
Circulation
Zone
Service Zone
Table depth
Banquette
In cm
E 30 76.2
F 29-30 73.7-76.2
G 101.5-110 257.8-279
H 48-54 121.9-137.2
I 17.5-20 44.5-50.8
J 36 91.4
K 18 45.7
L 16-17 40.6-43.2
M 7.5min. 19.1min.
118

SLEEPING
119

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Sleeping Space
DOUBLE BED
A B
C
F
F
G
I
K M N
H
H
Double bed
Standard
widths
Standard lengths
Inch cm.
A 2.5 6.4
B 7.5 19.1
C 84 213.4
F 7-8 17.8-20.3
G 44-46 111.8-116.8
H 4-5 10.2-12.7
I 1-2 2.5-5.1
K 48 121.9
M 54 137.2
N 60 152.4
121

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Sleeping Space
SINGLE BED
C
J L
Standardwidths
A
D
B
B
E
E
Single bed
Standard lengths
In cm
A 2.5 6.4
B 7.5 19.1
C 84 213.4
D 78 198.1
E 6 15.2
J 36 91.4
L 39 99.1
122

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Sleeping Space
P
Q
R
J
Varyingsillheights
VARIES
N
O
Eye level standing position
Dimension varies with furniture plan
Eye level seated position
Eye level reclining position
Top of mattress
Single bed
BEDROOM / VISION AND SIGHT LINES
Inch 70cm.
P 16 40.6
Q 22 55.9
R 30 76.2
J 36 91.4
O 70 177.8
N 60 152.4
123

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Sleeping Space
TWIN BED / CLEARANCES AND DIMENSIONS
Varies
Single Bed
A
B C B
Circulation Zone
Top of Mattress
Pillow
Single Bed
Varies
D
Pillow
Top of Mattress
In cm
A 108-114 274.3-289.6
B 36-39 91.4-99.1
C 36 91.4
D 18-22 45.7-55.9
124

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Sleeping Space
MAKE-UP DRESSING TABLE
F
D B
H
G
Table
H
I
J K
Activity
Zone
Top of table
DESK OR DRESSING TABLE
Lin Cm
A 24-28 61.0-71.1
B 12-16 30.5=40.6
C 30 76.2
D 16-24 40.6=61.0
E 42-46 106.7=116.8
F 28-40 71.1=76.2
G 7Min 17.8Min
H 28-30 71.1-76.2
I 42-54 106.137.2
J 18-24 45.7-61.0
K 24-30 61.0-76.2
125

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Sleeping Space
DRESSER / BED CLEARANCES
Q
Drawer
Drawer
Top of mattress
Bed
Mirror
M O P
N
L
Activity
Eye level
In cm
L 62-72 157.5-182.9
M 20-24 50.8-61.0
N 42-48 106.7-121.9
O 16-20 40.6-50.8
P 18 45.7
Q 42 106.7
126

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Sleeping Space
ADULT BUNK BEDS / FRONT ELEVATION
Requiredminimumceilinght.
A
J
C
Upper sleeping area
B
D
C
E
F
G
H
I
Top of mattress
Upper bunk bed
Lower
sleeping area
Top of mattress
Lower bunk bed
Storage under bed
Line of conventional 96” ceiling ht.
In cm
A 104 264.2
B 18-22 45.7-55.9
C 40-44 101.6-
111.8
D 6-8 15.2-20.3
E 8-10 20.3-25.4
F 10-12 25.4-30.5
G 2 5.1
H 28-38 71.1-96.5
I 6-12 15.2-30.5
J 64-74 162.6-
188.0
127

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Sleeping Space
ADULT BUNK BEDS / END ELEVATION
Recommendedminimumceilinght.
A
J
Upper sleeping area
B
C
K
Top of mattress
Upper bunk bed
Lower
sleeping area
Top of mattress
Lower bunk bed
Storage under bed
Line of conventional 96” ceiling ht.
D
In cm
A 104 264.2
B 18-22 45.7-55.9
C 40-44 101.6-
111.8
D 6-8 15.2-20.3
E 8-10 20.3-25.4
F 10-12 25.4-30.5
G 2 5.1
H 28-38 71.1-96.5
I 6-12 15.2-30.5
J 64-74 162.6-
188.0
K 46-62 116.8-
157.5
128

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Dining Space
CHILDREN’S BUNK BEDS / END ELEVATION
A
B
C G
Upper bunk bed
Work zone
Lower bunk bed
D
E
F
H
I
J K
Inch cm.
A 96 243
B 54-62 138-157
C 36-39 92-99
D 12-15 30-38
E 36-39 92-99
F 6-8 15-20
G 14-18 35-45
H 30-39 76-99
I 37-39 94-99
J 34-36 86-91
K 3 7.6
129

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Dining Space
SLEEPING LOFTS / END ELEVATION
Requiredoverallmin.ht.
Loft construction
Circulation under loftL
M
N
O
P Q
R
S
Assumedmin.clearancebaseduponcodes
In cm
L 130-
136
330.2-345.4
M 84 213.4
N 46-52 116.8-132.1
O 17 43.2
P 11 27.9
Q 5-14 12.7-35.6
R 6-8 15.2-20.3
130

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Dining Space
CLOSEST AND STORAGE FACILITIES / MALE
D
High shelf
E
B
G
A
C
F
Max.shelfht.forcomfortablereach
Shoe shelf
C D
E F
G
H I
Shoe shelf
High shelf
Max.shelfht.forcomfortablereach
CLOSEST AND STORAGE FACILITIES / FEMALE
In cm
A 64-68 162.6-172.7
B 72-76 182.9-193
C 12-18 30.5-45.7
D 8-10 20.3-25.4
E 20-28 50.8-71.1
F 34-36 86.4-91.4
G 10-12 25.4-30.5
H 60-70 152.4-177.8
I 69-72 175.3-182.9
131

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Dining Space
WALK-IN CLOSET AND STORAGE FACILITIES
B
C
A Shelf Storage
O
A
D
Hanging Storage
Minimumdooropening
In cm
A 12-18 30.5-45.7
B 20-28 50.8-71.1
C 34-36 76.2
D 30 45.7
132

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Dining Space
In cm
A 12-18 30.5-45.7
B 20-28 50.8-71.1
F 34-36 76.2
D 30 45.7
WALK-IN CLOSET AND STORAGE FACILITIES
F
A
D
Minimumdooropening
E
B
Hanging Storage
133

Interior Materials &
Methods l

Priyanka Bhati
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134
Interior Materials & Methods l
Characteristics or elements combined and expressed in a particular (often unique) and consistent manner. In general, style refers to
the overall appearance or design of an object, or method of accomplishing a task. Or we can say that a particular procedure by which
something is done; a manner or way, a distinctive appearance, typically determined by the principle. An abstract design style is
achieved by a combined composition of colors and shapes usually based on the individual interpretation of the designer, the client or
both. At the start of any interior design project, we wonder in what style should create our interior home in order to feel good in that
environment. If someone likes classic lines, you can’t suggest something modern because she believes that what is proposed isn’t
represented for her taste, devoid of atmosphere, simple and will not transmit anything.
Methods l
In the past one year we studied about 4 styles :
• Contemporary Style
• Minimalist Style
• Classic Style
• Shabby Chic Style
Regarding from these we also prepared styling boards.

Priyanka Bhati
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135
Methods l
Contemporary Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
136
Methods l
Contemporary Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
137
Methods l
Minimalist Style

Priyanka Bhati
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138
Methods l
Minimalist Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
139
Methods l
Shabby Chic Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
140
Methods l
Shabby Chic Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
141
Methods l
Classic Style

Priyanka Bhati
www.dezyneecole.com
142
Methods l
Classic Style

Priyanka Bhati, B.Voc Interior Design 1st Year ( Residential Design Assignments Portfolio)

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