This document describes several traffic light control systems including switching, counter, microprocessor and microcontroller based systems. It begins with an introduction to traffic light signals and motivations for developing control systems. Circuit diagrams and workings are provided for each system type. The microprocessor system uses an 8085 chip and 8255 I/O device, while the microcontroller system uses an 8051 chip. Results show the microcontroller system can prioritize emergency vehicles. Advantages include improved traffic flow and reduced fuel consumption.
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PRESENTED BY,
DEEPJYOTI MAHANTA
M.SC. 4th SEMESTER.
DC2015MSP0006
GUIDED BY:
MR. KAUSTUBH BHATTACHARYYA.
SENIOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF ECE
ADBU
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
2. INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATION
SWITCHING BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT
COUNTER BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT
MICROPROCESSOR BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT
MICROCONROLLER BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL CIRCUIT
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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PLAN OF TALK
3. INTRODUCTION
Traffic jam is one of the major problems in a densely populated city like Guwahati
whereas its population and number of running vehicles are much more than its
capacity.
Faulty traffic signalling systems, inadequate manpower, narrow road spaces and
overtaking tendency of drivers create pro-longed traffic jams.
The normal function of traffic system is to control the coordination to
ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible
Traffic lights are the signaling devices that are placed on the intersection
points and used to control the flow of traffic on the road
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4. CONTROL LIGHT INDICATION
There are three control lights or signals , which will provide the instruction to the
driver.
RED Light---instructs the driver to STOP at the intersection.
YELLOW Light ---- instructs the driver to wait (if red light is next) or Get ready
(if green light is next)
GREEN Light--- instructs the driver to Go through the intersection.
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5. MOTIVATION
The motivation for developing Traffic Light control system come from
many reason but the biggest motivation behind Traffic Light Control
system is the convenience .
Convenience is really another way of saying “time saver” and in today’s
world where everything moving faster , every second has value . Most of
the technology we use today is based of convenience .
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Switching Circuit of Traffic Light control system.
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM -----SWITCHING BASED
CIRCUIT
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7. HOW THE SWITCHING CIRCUIT WORKS:
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Working of the Switching Circuits
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COUNTER BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT
CONTROL SYSTEM
TIMER IC (NE555N)
The 555 timer is a monolithic timer circuit that can
produce accurate and highly stables time delays for
oscillations
It is used in monostable and astable multi-
vibrators, wave generators and different control
device.
The device is available as 8 pin DIP package.
Pin Diagram of 555 IC
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Decade Counter IC(CD4017)
The IC 4017 is a versatile IC of the CMOS
family which has got wide range of
applications .
Internally it consists of a 10 stage decade
counter/divider .
When a clock pulse is applied to it
externally , its outputs become logic high
and low sequentially (one after the other ) .
It has got numerous applications , for
example in circuits where sequential
switching are required and also it
decorative ornamental lighting , where the
lights are switched on and off sequentially
giving it a ‘running effect’.
Pin Diagram of the 4017 Decade Counter
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CALCULATION OF THE ON TIME AND THE OFF TIME FOR THE
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
Resistor
Value (KΩ)
(R1)
Resistor Value
(KΩ) (R2)
Capacitor
Value (uF)
Theoretical
ON Time(T1)
(sec)
Practical
ON Time
(T1) (sec)
Theoretical
OFF Time
(T2)
(sec)
Practical
OFF Time
(T2) (sec)
Theoretical
T=T1+T2
(sec)
Practical
T=T1+T
2
(sec)
5.6 150 10 1.07 1.10 1.035 1.08 2.1 2.18
5.6 150 20 2.14728 2.18 2.07 2.1 4.21728 4.28
5.6 150 100 10.7364 10.8 10.395 10.45 21.1314 21.25
Table- ON Time OFF Time and the Total Time
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15. RESULTS
The system will only work for an isolated four-way junction with
traffic coming from the four cardinal directions.
Traffic only moves from the North to the South and vice versa at
the same time; and at this time, the traffic from the East and West
is stopped. In this case, the controller considers the combination
of all the waiting densities for the North and south as that of one
side and those of the east and west combined as another side.
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A microprocessor is a computer processor which incorporates
the function of a computer’s central processing unit IC .
The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock driven, register
based programmable electronic device which accepts binary
data as input , processes it according to instructions stored in its
memory and provides results as output .
Microprocessor is the heart of Computer systems.
TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
USING 8085 MICRO-PROCESSOR
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18. 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
The Intel 8085 is an 8 bit
microprocessor produced by Intel and
introduced in 1977.
The 8085 microprocessor is a
conventional Von Neuman design based
on the Intel 8080. It is designed by
using NMOS technology .
The “5” in the model number came
from the fact that the 8085 requires only
a +5 Volt power supply. It has 8 bit data
bus and 16 bit address bus
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Pin Diagram of 8085 Microprocessor
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19. INTEL 8255
The 8255 is a general purpose programmable I/O device
designed for use with Intel microprocessors like 8055.
It consists of three 8 bit bidirectional I/O ports that can be
configured to meet different systems I/O needs.
The three ports are port A , port B and port C.
Port A contains one 8 bit output latch/buffer and one 8 bit i/p
buffer .
Port B is same as port A .
However port C can be split into two parts Port C lower (PC0-
PC3) and Port C upper(PC7-PC4) by the control word.
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Pin Diagram of the 8255 IC
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Working Model of the Microprocessor Based Traffic Light Control Circuit
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24. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
USING 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER
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The name itself specifies its meaning by splitting the word micro-
controller into two MICRO is derived from a Greek word Micros
which means small (in size, quantity, number and dignity) and
Controller is the logic circuitry that does the control action based
on the program written.
A single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile
memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input
and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit that is being used
to operate or to control a machine using fixed program that is
stored in non volatile memory is known as a Microcontroller. Also
called a "computer on a chip,“ or on chip microcomputer.
Microcontroller
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25. 8051 Microcontroller
Very popular general purpose microcontroller
Widely used for small scale embedded systems.
Many vendors such as Atmel, Philips, and Texas
Instruments produce MCS-51 family microcontroller
chips.
4 kB of ROM memory for storing the program code
128 bytes of internal RAM for variables
Programmable serial communication
16 bit timers
32 I/O lines
6 interrupt sources
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26. Pin Description
P
O
R
T
0
POWER SUPPLY
POWER SUPPLY
P
O
R
T
1
P
O
R
T
2
P
O
R
T
3
RESET
CRYSTAL
USED FOR MEMORY ACCESS
CONTROL
EXTERNAL MEMORY
ADDRESS
EXTERNAL MEMORY
ADDRESS
SERIAL, INTERRUPT
TIMER, EXT.
MEMORY
READ/WRITE
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30. ADVANTAGE
Significantly enhanced operational tools congestion to
effectively manage traffic incidents.
It improved Public Transport service.
Reduction in emergency response times and safer
travel.
Improve traffic guidance and traffic flow.
Reduce fuel consumption.
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31. CONCLUSION
This project is based on a very effective way of optimizing traffic,
with redefinition of threshold values for a real time application.
This works to control traffic on four way roads according to
traffic control barricades .
This proposed system will be able to build a developed country
with less traffic jams and it will also help the emergency vehicle
to reach in time to the destination. So, this intelligent system will
help us to control traffic in more autonomous way.
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32. FUTURE SCOPE
The system can be expanded with smart traffic light control and congestion
avoidance system during emergencies emergency cars such as fire engines and
ambulance and have priority over other traffic. This system gives highest
priority to emergency vehicle to pass them.
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33. REFERENCE
Amit Bhat, Kaushik Roy, Jeevith HM, Prajesh P Anchalia “Design and
Implementation of a Dynamic Intelligent Traffic Control System” 2015 17th
UKSIM-AMSS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation.
“Traffic Control Using Digital Image Processing”- Chandrasekhar. M,
Saikrishna. C, Chakradhar. B, Phaneendra Kumar. P &Sasanka. C ,IJAEEE,
Volume-2, Issue-5, 2013.
K. Vidhya, A. Bazila Banu "Density Based Traffic Signal System" International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology,
Volume 3, Mar. 2013.
2. A. Promila Sinhmar, Zakopur "Intelligent Traffic light And Density Control
Using IR Sensors And Microcontroller" International Journal of Advanced
Technology & Engineering Research, volume 2, Mar. 2013.
Khalil M. Yousef, Jamal N.Al-Karaki, Ali M. Shatnawi "Intelligent Traffic
Light Flow Control System Using Wireless Sensors Networks", Journal of
Information Science and Engineering, Sep. 2009. 33
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34. Electronics Devices and Circuits , S Salivahanan and N Suresh Kumar , Mc
Graw Hill Education , Third Edition.
Op-Amps and Linear integrated Circuits , Ramakant A. Gayakwad , PHI
Private Limited ,Fourth Edition.
Digital Logic and Computer Design , M.Morris Mano , Pearson ,Eleventh
Edition.
Fundamentals of Digital Circuits , A.Anand Kumar , Eastern Economy
Edition , Third Edition.
Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers , B.Ram , Dhanpat
Rai Publications , 8th Edition .
Microprocessor Architecture , Programming and Application with the 8085
,Ramesh Gaonkar ,PRI ,Sixth Edition
A.D.Jadhav, Bhor Madhuri, Thakre Ketan, “Intelligent Traffic Light
Control System” proceedings of 4th IRF International Conference, ISBN:
978-93-82702-66-5,16th march 2014
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